Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamics

453 Pages·1989·20.839 MB·English

by  O. Lielausis (auth.), J. Lielpeteris, R. Moreau (eds.)

LIQUID METAL MAGNETO HYDRODYNAMICS
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS AND TRANSPORT PROCESSES
Editors: R. J. Moreau and G. lE. Oravas
Volume 10
For a list of the volumes in this series see final page
Liquid Metal
Magnetohydro dynamic s
edited by
J. LIELPETERIS
Institute of Physics, Latvian S.S.R. Academy of Sciences,
Riga, Salaspils, U.S.S.R.
and
R.MOREAU
Laboratoire MAD YLAM, Institut Nationale Poly technique,
Grenoble, France
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics I edited by ~. Lielpeteris and R.
Moreau.
p. cm. -- (Mechanics of fluids and transport processes; v.
10)
ISBN·13:978·94-010·6939·7 e·ISBN·13:978·94·009-0999-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0999-1
1. Magnetohydrodynamic generators--Congresses. 2. Liquid metals-
-Congresses. 3. Magnetohydrodynamics--Congresses. I. Lielpeterls.
J. (Janis) II. Moreau. Rene J. III. Serles.
TK2970.L57 1989
538' .6--dc20 89-15309
ISBN-13 :978-94-010-6939-7
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates
the publishing programmes of
D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press.
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322,3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
printed on acid free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
PREFACE
Liquid metal MHO is within the scope of two series of international conferences. One is
the International Congress on "MHD Power Generation", held every four years, which includes
technical and economical aspects as well as scientific questions. The other if the Beer-Sheva
Seminar on "MHO Flows and Turbulence", held every three years in Israel. In addition to these
well established meetings, an IUTAM Symposium was previously organized in Cambridge
(UK) in 1982 on "Metallurgical Applications of MHD" by the late Arthur Shercliff. It was
focussed on a very specific subject developing radiply from the middle of the 1970's. The
magnetic field was generally AC, including frequencies high enough for the skin-depth to be
much smaller than the typical length scale of the liquide pool. And the development of new
technologies, or the improvement of existing ones, was the main justification of most of the
researches presented and discussed. Only two participants from Eastern countries attended this
Symposium.
By the middle of the 1980's we felt that on this very same topic ideas had reached much
more maturity than in 1982. We also realized that a line of research on MHD flows related to
fusion reactors (tokamaks) was developing significantly, with particular emphasis on flows at
large interaction parameter. Also new ideas were arising on liquid metal dynamos, including
geodynamos, self-excitation of magnetic field in laboratory experiments and phenomena
observed or expected in fast breeders cooled with liquid sodium, as well as in apparently
classical domains like stability and turbulence under the influence of electromagnetic effects.
However it was obvious that this research effort was divided between two communities
(Eastern and Western) of about the same size (more than one hundred researchers in each),
which did not communicate or exchange sufficiently. We were convinced that a meeting of
these two, approximately equally well represented, which could not have been foreseen before
the time of "perestroika" and "glasnost", would be particularly stimulating. These were the
basic motivations of our proposal to IUTAM to hold a Symposium on "Liquid Metal MHD" in
Riga and we were particularly happy when it was accepted.
As one can see on the participants list the goal of having the two communities almost
equally well represented was well achieved, taking into account the fact that the host country
always participates more than the orthers : 55 from Eastern countries, 29 from Western
(including India, Israel and Japan). It was nevertheless surprising that only 3 participants came
from North of America. Clearly this reflects some decline in the research on liquid metal MHD
in these countries, which does not extend to Western Europe, Japan or the Soviet Union, and
which has absolutely no scientific justification. On the contrary, liquid metal MHD appeared,
during this five day meeting in Riga, as an active and lively subject, able to renew its main
themes and to open new fields of application every decade. The following table of contents,
with 10 different oral sessions, all very topical, and 2 large poster sessions, reflects this vitality.
Janis LIELPETERIS
Rene MOREAU
v
Table of contents
Preface v
Scientific Committee xiii
Local Organizing Committee xiv
List of participants (per country) xv
SESSION A : Large Interaction Parameter ................................... ~.... 1
Liquid metal in a strong magnetic field (General Lecture) ................................. 3
O. LIELAUSIS
Numerical solutions of three·dimensional MHO flows in strong non-uniform
transverse magnetic fields ................................................................... 13
T.Q. HUA and J.S. WALKER
MHO-flows at high Rm, Nand Ha ......................................................... 21
I.V. LAV RENT'EV
MHO pressure drop of liquid metal now in circular and rectangular ducts
under transverse magnetic field .............................................................. 29
K. MIYAZAKI, S. INOUE and N. YAMAOKA
Linear approximation application limits in MHO-flow theory for strong
magnetic fields. Experimental results ...................................................... 37
A.V. TANANAEV, T.N. AIKOV, A.V. CHUOOV and V.A. SHMATENKO
SESSION B : Fusion Related Flows 4S
Application of the core now approach to MHO nuid now in geometric
elements of a fusion reactor blanket ........................................................ 47
M.S. TILLACK
Experimental and theoretical work on MHO at the kernforschungszentrum
Karlsruhe. The MEKKA-program ............................................................. SS
L. BARLEON, V. CASAL, KJ. MACK and H. KREUZINGER
Liquid metal turbulent flow phenomena and their implications on fusion reactor
blanket design .................................................................................... 63
S. SUKORIANSKY, H. BRANOVER and E. GREENSPAN
Experimental investigation of 3-0 MHO nows at high Hartmann number and
interaction parameter ........................................................................... 71
B.F. PICOLOGLOU and C.B. REED
Magnetohydrodynamics in nuclear energetics (General lecture) ............................ 79
V.A. GLUKHIKH
viii
POSTER SESSION 1 : DC Fields 89
Liquid metal nows with polydispersed solid and gaseous inclusions ............... 91
V.1. BLINOV, N. Kh. EHRKENOV, Yu. M. GORISLAVETS, A.F.
KOLESNICHENKO, A.A. KUCHAEV and A.V. UUTKEVICH
Dispersion of small particles in MHD nows ............................................. 97
G. GERBETH and D. HAMANN
Two-phase nows studies in mercury-air liquid metal MHD generators 103
P. SATYAMURTHY,N.S. DIKIT, T.K. THIYAGARAJAN,N. VENKATRAMANI
and V.K. ROHATGI
Liquid metal MHD generators in two-phase now systems 111
A. EI-BORER, S. LESIN and H. BRANOVER
Modelling of magneto hydrodynamic two-phase flow in pipe 119
J.P. THIBAULT and B. SECK
Melt magnetohydrodynamics of single crystal growth •••.•••.••.•••••...••••••.....••.. 127
A. BOJAREVICS, Yu. M. GEL'FGAT and L.A. GORBUNOV
The effect of electromagnetic field on semiconductor single crystal growth
and characteristics ........•••..•...•••...•...•.••.•....•....••..•.....•.........••.•....•.••..• 135
El. P. BOCHKAREV, V.M. FOLIFOROV, Iu. M. GEL'FGAT, L.A. GORBUNOV,
V.S. GOROVIC, O.V. PELEVIN and G.N. PETROV
Gas bubbles motion during vacuum treatment of liquid aluminium in MDV-
type devices ..................................................................................... 145
Yu. GEL'FGAT, V. POLISHCHUK, L. PUZHAYLO and M. SORKIN
MHD turbulence decay behind spatial grids ............................................... 153
A.A. KIJUKIN and Iu. B. KOLESNIKOV
The effect of a uniform magnetic field on stability, transition and turbulence as
a control means for liquid metal flow mixing •.••••••••.••••••••••••••.••......•..•...•.•. 161
V.M. IEVLEV, A.S. KOROTEV, and V.B. LEVIN
SESSION C : Current Carrying Melts 167
Electrically induced vortical nows (General lecture) 169
Ed. V. SHCHERBININ
Liquid metal flow near magnetic neutral points .......................................... 179
R.G.KENNY
Modelling of electrically induced nows for studying current carrying melts of
electrorpetallurgical devices ••••••.•••.•••••.•.•••.••..••..•••.•.••••..•.•..••.•••...••..••..... 187
A. Iu. CHUDINOVSKY, S.B. DEMENTEV, E.V. SHCRERBININ, V. Kh.
VLASJUK and L.A. VOLOKHONSKY
ix
SESSION D : Aluminium Reduction Cells ...................................... 195
Amplitude evolution of interfacial waves in aluminium reduction cells 197
RJ. MOREAU, S. PIGNY and S.A. MASLOWE
Physical and mathematical modeling of MHD-processes in aluminium
reduction cells •••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••• 205
V. BOJAREVICS, A.I. CHAIKOVSKY, E. V. GORBACHEV, H. KALIS,
R. MILLERE and Eh. V. SHCHERBININ
On the analysis by perturbation methods of the anodic current fluctuations in
an electrolytic cell for aluminium production .......................................... 213
J. DESCLOUX and M.V. ROMERIO
SESSION E : AC Stirring 221
Fluid flows induced by alternating magnetic (General lecture) ........................... 223
Y.FAV1RELLE
Fluid metal flow study in an induction furnace based on numerical
sim ulation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 233
Yu. MIKELSONS, L.L. BUL YGIN and A.T. JAKOVICS
A high frequency induction furnace for oxide melting 241
B. CAILLAULT, Y. FAUTRELLE, R. PERRIER and JJ.AUBERT
Directional melt-flow in channel induction furnaces ................................... 247
A. MUEHLBAUER, R. FRICKE and A. WALTHER
Characteristic properties of MHD flow in magnetodynamic pumps •••••••••••.•....• 255
V. POLISHCHUK, R. HORN, V. DUBODEWV, V. POGORSKY, V. TREFNYAK
andM. TSIN
SESSION F : Electromagnetic Shaping ............................................. 263
Deflection of a stream of liquid metal by means of an alternating magnetic
field ••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•..•• 265
J. ETAY, AJ. MESTEL, and H.K. MOFFATT
The shape of liquid metal jets under a uniform transverse magnetic
field ............................................................................................... 273
S. OSHIMA and R. YAMANE
Electromagnetic control of liquid metal free surfaces .................................... 281
M. GARNIER, J. ETAY, A. GAGNOUD, and F. GARNIER
Deformation of an electrically conducting drop in a magnetic field ................... 287
G. GERBETH, M. KAUDZE, and A. GAILmS
Controlled decomposition of liquid metal jets and films in technological and
power devices .................................................................................... 293
V.N. DEM'JANENKO, E.V. MURAV'EV, Yu. GORISLAVETS, I.V. KAZACHKOV,
A.F. KOLESNICHENKO. N.V. LYSAK and V.O. VODJANJUK
x
POSTER SESSION 2 : AC Fields 299
More accurate skin-depth approximation 301
AJ. MESlEL
Overall and local thickness measurement of layers with differing electrical
properties ..................................................................................... 309
F.R. BLOCK, W. LESCH, and P.PALM
Determination of MUD machine parameters using the ID model of a non-
uniform flow............................................................................ ..... 317
I. GA VA RE, R. KRISBERGS, O. LIELAUSIS, M. PUKIS, L. ULMANIS
and R. VA LDMANE
Experimental and theoretical studies on the stability of induction pumps at
large Rm numbers ........................................................................... 325
1. RAPIN, Ph. VAILLANT and F. WERKOFF
3500 m3/h MUD pump for fast breeder reactor 333
B.G. KARASEV, I.R. KlRILLOV and A.P. OYORODNIKOV
Self-excitation of liquid metal MUD generators 339
Ph. MARTY and A. ALEMANY
Comprehensive study on the MUD phenomena in the metal pool with the
single-phase induction coil ................................................................ 347
E. TAKEUCHI, 1. SAKANE, H. YANO, I. MIYOSHINO, T. SAEKI and
H.KAJIOKA
Grain refinement in continously cast ingots of light metals by electromagnetic
casting .......................................................................................... 355
Ch.VIVES
Liquid metal now control using AC fields .............................................. 363
D.C. LILLICRAP
SESSION G Measurements 371
Diagnostics of liquid metal nows using fibre-optic velocity sensor ............... 373
V.G. ZHlLIN, K.V. ZYAGIN, Yu. P. IVOCHKIN, and A.A. OKSMAN
On local measurements of the up and downstream magnetic wake of a cylinder
at low magnetic Reynolds number ........................................................ 381
I. LAHJOMRI, Ph. CAPERAN, and A. ALEMANY
Metallurgical aspects of electromagnetic processing of materials .................. 391
(General lecture) •
S. ASAI"
SESSION H Dynamo Theory ..................................................... .. 401
Liquid metal MUD and the geodynamo (General lecture) 403
H.K. MOFFATT
xi
The helical MHD dynamo ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 413
A. GAll..ms. O. LffiLAUSIS. B.G. KARASEV. I.R. KIRILLOV and
A.P. OGOROONIKOV
The Ponomarenko dynamo 421
A.D. GILBERT
MHD phenomena in rast neutron reactors with a liquid metal heat carrier ......... 425
G.E.KIRKO
SESSION I : Turbulence ................................................................ 431
The effect or initial and boundary conditions upon the rormation and
development or MHD turbulence structure ..............................................., 433
I. PLA1NIEKS and SF. SELUTO
Two-dimensional MHD turbulence ........................................................ 441
1. SOMMERIA. I.M. N'GUYEN-DUC and Ph. CAPERAN
MHD instabilities and turbulence in liquid metal shear nows ...................... 449
A.A. KIJUKIN and Iu. B. KOLESNIKOV
SESSION J : Stability with Uniform Field ...................................... 455
Dispersion and chaos in linear arrays or vortices ...................................... 457
P. TABELING and O. CARDOSO
Stability or magnetohydrodynamic now over a stretching sheet .................... 465
H.S. TOKHAR, M. ALI and A.S. GUPTA
Stability or closed azimuthal jet or liquid metal...................................... 473
K.A. SERGEEV and V.N. SHTERN