Liquid Helium Technology. Proceedings of the International Institute of Refrigeration Commission 1: Boulder (USA) 1966

511 Pages·1966·67.233 MB·English

by  N/A

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF REFRIGERATION
INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DU FROID
LIQUID HELIUM
TECHNOLOGY
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF REFRIGERATION
COMMISSION 1
BOULDER (U.S.A.) 1966
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD · LONDON · EDINBURGH · NEW YORK
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Copyright © 1966
The International Institute of Refrigeration
and Pergamon Press Ltd.
Edited by the International Institute of Refrigeration
and distributed by Pergamon Press Ltd.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 67 - 22379
PRINTED IN BELGIUM BY CEUTERICK IN LOUVAIN
AVANT-PROPOS
FOREWORD
MEETING OF COMMISSION I OF THE U.R.
BOULDER, U.S.A.
JUNE 16-18, 1966
Commission 1 met in Boulder under the presidency of Mr. WILKS (U.K.),
assisted by Messrs. HAMMEL (U.S.A.) and WEIL (France), Vice-Presidents, and
GARDNER (U.K.), Secretary.
It was the first time that the Commission had met in the U.S.A. and
it was also the first experience of a joint meeting with the "Cryogenic
Engineering Conference" which has held annual meetings for some years
now; the sessions of Commission 1 immediately followed the American
meeting.
This joint venture turned out very satisfactorily, and the meeting was
judged a great success: more than 400 participants from 12 countries heard
and discussed the 44 papers read. The subject chosen was liquid helium
technology and the papers dealt with:
— heat transfer;
— cryostats and temperature measurement;
— helium refrigerators and liquefiers;
— liquid helium and nuclear physics;
— electromagnetic technology.
The meetings were sponsored by the "National Bureau of Standards",
by the University of Colorado, and by the National Science Foundation
who made a generous contribution towards the cost of organising the meeting.
Full credit is also due to the organising committee which was directed by
Messrs. ALSPACH, HAMMEL, SCOTT and TÏMMERHAUS.
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REUNION DE LA COMMISSION 1 DE L'I.I.F.
A BOULDER, ÉTATS-UNIS
16-18 JUIN 1966
La Commission 1 s'est réunie à Boulder sous la présidence de M. WILKS
(R.U.), assisté de MM. HAMMEL (U.S.A.) et WEIL (France), Vice-Présidents,
et de M. GARDNER (R.U.), Secrétaire.
C'était la première fois que cette Commission tenait une réunion aux
États-Unis et c'était aussi la première expérience d'une réunion conjointe
avec la « Cryogenic Engineering Conference » qui se tient annuellement,
depuis un certain nombre d'années; les sessions de la Commission 1 suivaient
immédiatement la conférence américaine.
Cette expérience s'est montrée très heureuse et la réunion a connu un
grand succès : plus de 400 participants, appartenant à 12 pays, ont entendu
et discuté les 44 rapports qui leur étaient présentés. Le thème choisi était
la technologie de Γhélium liquide et l'essentiel des rapports a traité de :
— la transmission de chaleur;
— les cryostats et les mesures de température;
— les liquéfacteurs et les réfrigérateurs;
— l'hélium liquide et la physique nucléaire;
— la technologie de Félectromagnétisme.
L'organisation de ces importantes réunions était patronnée par le
« National Bureau of Standards », par l'Université du Colorado et par le
« National Science Foundation » qui a généreusement contribué aux frais
d'organisation. Le comité d'organisation était animé par MM. ALSPACH,
HAMMEL, SCOTT et TIMMERHAUS qui doivent être vivement remerciés.
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LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
ALLEMAGNE (Ouest-Rép. Féd.) — GERMANY (West-Fed. Rep.)
KESSLER, G., Hambourg OSWALD, E., Garching b/Munich
KLIPPING, G., Berlin ROGGENKAMP, H.T., Mulheim-Ruhr
AUSTRALIE — AUSTRALIA
PEMBERTON, P. F., Para Hills
BELGIQUE — BELGIUM
VAN ITTERBEEK, A., Louvain VERBEKE, O., Louvain
CANADA
BUSSIÉRES, P., Kingston LEONARD, A.C., Kingston
EYRE, D.V., Montreal MCCLUNG, H.A., Edmonton
ESPAGNE — SPAIN
AGUILAR, J., Madrid
ETATS-UNIS— U.S. A.
ALSPACH, W.J., Boulder, Col. BARRICK, P. L., Boulder, Col.
APPLEGATE, CE., Cambridge,Mass. BARRY, D.F., Lowell, Mass.
ARNETT, R.W., Boulder, Col BAUER, A. H., LOS Angeles,Cal.
ARNOLD, R., Kennedy S. C, Fia. BENNETT, A.H., Boston, Mass.
ARP, V.D., Boulder, Col. BERGMANN, D. A., Buena Park, Cal.
BAESE, CL., Boulder, Col. BERNARDINE, R.J., St. Louis, Miss
BALDWIN, J.R., Huntsville, Al. BIRMINGHAM, B.W., Boulder, Col
BAMBERGER, J.A., Upton, N.Y. BJARKE, G.O., Los Alamos, N. Mex.
BANCROFT, G. H., Davenport, Iowa BJORKLUND, W.R., Boulder, Col.
BANNISTER, J.D., Murray Hill, N.J. BLANCHARD, E. R., Murray Hill, N.J.
BARNES, C.B., Jr. Columbus, Ohio BLEWITT, T. H., Ar gonne, N.J.
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BONOMO, M.S., Denver, Co.. DEAN, J.W., Nederland, Col.
BRADY, H. F., Denver, Col. DEATON, W. M., Amarillo, Tex.
BRENNAN, J.A., Boulder, Col. DEHAAN, J.R., Denver, Col.
BRENTARI, E. G., Boulder, Col. DENHOY, B.S., Livermore, Cal.
BRICKWEDDE, F. G., University Park DENTON, E.H., Boulder, Col.
BRODBECK, F.W., St. Louis, Miss. DEVANEY, W.E., Amarillo, Tex.
BROOKS, F. P., Upton, N. Y. DEWINTER, T.A., Everett, Mass.
BROOKS, J. M., Argonne, 111. DIEKMAN, D., Hodgkins, III.
BROWN, D.P., Upton, N. Y. DILLARD, D.S., Boulder, Col.
BROWN, R. M., Tor ranee, Cal. DILLER, D.E., Boulder, Col.
BROWNING, C. W., San Pedro, Cal. DRAUTMAN, J.J., Harrison, N.J.
BUCHHOLD, T. A., Schenectady, N. Y. DUBS, M.A., New York, N.Y.
BULLA, W.W., Boulder, Col. DUCKHAM, H. E., Jr., New York, N. Y.
BURGESON, D.A., Boulder, Col. DUFFY, R.J., Boulder, Col.
BURNHAM, J., Wapping, Conn. DUPRÉ, F.K., Briar cliff Manor, N.Y.
BURNS, R., Berkeley, Cal. DURCHOLZ, R.L., Arvada, Col.
CAINE, G. H., Bedford, Ohio DUSTIN, P. C, Stoneham, Mass.
CALVERT, A.P., New York, N.Y. EDESKUTY, F. J., Los Alamos, N. Mex.
CAREN, R.P., Palo Alto, Cal. EDMONDS, D., Boulder, Col.
CARTER, T. A., Jr. Buena Park, Cal. ENGLISH, J.T., Pasadena, Cal.
CASSEDY, K. H., Downey, Cal. ERICKS, L.J., Boulder, Col.
CATALAND, G., Washington, D.C. FAIRBANK, W. M., Stanford, Cal.
CHELTON, D.B., Boulder, Col FAIRBANKS, D. F., Natick, Mass.
CHENG, D., Stanford, Cal. FAST, R.W., Stoughton, Wis.
CHILDS, G. E., Boulder, Col. FITZGERALD, M., Wichita, Kan.
CLARK, A. F., Boulder, Col. FLYNN, T.M., Boulder, Col.
CLAY, H. S., Stanford, Cal. FORD, H.B., Titusville, Fla.
CLEE, P., Berkeley, Cal. FORTHUN, M. L., Far go, N. Dak.
COFFEY, D.L., Oak Ridge, Tenn. FRANCIS, A.W., New York, N.Y.
COLES, W.D., Cleveland, Ohio. FREDERKING, T. H. K., Los Angeles
COLLINS, D.L., Princeton, N.J. FROEHLICH, J.A., Argonne, III.
COLYER, D.B., Schenectady, N.Y. GARDNER, P. J., Davenport, Iowa
COMER, R.C., Huntsville, Ala. GAREIS, P.J., Tonawanda, N.Y.
COOMBS, G., Cambridge, Mass. GAUTHIER, R.D., Golden, Col.
CORRUCCINI, R.J., Boulder, Col. GILLE, J.P., Los Alamitos, Cal.
COVINGTON, G.D., Denver, Col. GERSTMANN, J., Cambridge, Mass.
CROUCH, J.N., Richardson, Tex. GIARRATANO, P.J., Boulder, Col.
CUMMINGS, R.D., Philadelphia, Pa. GIBBS, R.J., Upton, N.Y.
CURRIE, R.B., Allentown, Pa. GIBSON, L. A., Van Nuys, Cal.
DABBS, J.W.T., Oak Ridge, Tenn. GILL, V.A., Hempstead, N.Y.
DANEY, D. E., Boulder, Col. GLASSFORD, A. P. M., Palo Alto, Cal
DAUNT, J.G., Hoboken, N.J. GLEDHILL, F., LOS Angeles, Cal
DAVEY, J. Berkeley, Cal. GNIEWEK, J.J., Boulder, Col
DAVIS, H.E., Woburn, Mass. HALL, R.D., Woburn, Mass.
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HALL, W.J., Boulder, Col. KELLER, W. E., Los Alamos, N. Mex.
HALVERSON, G., W. Palm Beach KENNEDY, J.B., Los Angeles, Cal.
HAMILTON, J.R., Jr.,Büßralo, N. Y. KERCHEVAL, J. E.,
HAMMEL, E. F., Los Alamos, N. Mex. KIDNAY, A.J., Boulder, Col.
HARPER, E. A., Bar tie sville, Ohi. KIMMEL, C.C., Los Angeles, Cal.
HARRIS, E., Boulder, Col. KING, R. E., Huntington Beach, Cal.
HARVELL, J.T., Cambridge, Mass. KLANK, A.C., Argonne, III.
HASHEMI, H.T., Norman, Okl. KNAPP, H., New York, N.Y.
HATCH, A. M., Everett, Mass. KNIGHT, B.L., Boulder, Col.
HAY, R. D., Cambridge, Mass. KROPSCHOT, R.H., Boulder, Col.
HEALEY,D.P., New York, N.Y. KUHN, C, Boulder, Col.
HECKERMAN, W. L., Inglewood, Cal. KUNIANSKY, S., Annandale, Virg.
HEMSTREET, R. A., Murray Hill, N.J. KUSSMAN, W., Jr., Jersey City, N.J.
HENDRIXSON, W., Newark, N.J. LADY, E.R., Ann Arbor, Mich.
HERDER, T.H., Riviera Beach, Fla. LAHR, B.J., Jr., Mount Vernon, Ohio
HERRING, R. N., Boulder Col. LANDRY, A.F., Watertown, Mass.
9
HERSHNER, C, Philadelphia, Penn. LANG, S.B., Boulder Col
9
HILL, V.R., Beatty, Nev. LAQUER, H.L., Los Alamos, N.Mex.
HINTZ, R., Berkeley, Cal. LATIMER, R.E., Atlanta, Geor.
HIZA, M.J., Boulder, Col. LAWSON, D.B., Pasadena, Cal.
HNILICKA, M.P., Cambridge, Mass. LEE, R. R., Cocoa Beach, Fla.
HOENIG, M., Cambridge, Mass. LEFEBVRE, D., Washington, D.C.
HOG AN, W. H., Cambridge, Mass. LEUPOLD, M.J., Cambridge, Mass.
HOLDREDGE, R. M., Logan, Utah LIPPER, H.W., McLean, Virg.
HOLM, J., Newark, N.J. LIU, F. F., Tar zana, Cal.
HOLMES, C, Tullahoma, Tenn. LOGAN, S. E., Albuquerque, N. Mex.
HOOD, C. B., Jr., Columbus, Ohio LOMBARDI, C, Ashton, Rhode Isl.
HOPSON, G.D., Huntsville, Ala. LONG, H. M., Tonawanda, N. Y.
HORNE, C. V., Kennedy Space Center LOWREY, K. R., Oklahoma City, Okl.
HOVER, H.K., Murray Hill, N.J. LUCAS, E.J., Everett, Mass.
HUST, J.G., Boulder, Col. LUCERÒ, S., Chicago, III.
JACKSON, D. F., Decatur, Ala. LUND Y, F. E., Kennedy S. C, Fla.
JACOBS, R.B., Boulder, Col. LYON, D. N., Berkeley, Cal.
JANKOWICZ, R., Princeton, N.J. MCCARTY, R.D., Boulder, Col.
JENSEN, J.E., Upton, N.Y. MCCOLLUM, R.F., Tulsa, Okl.
JELLISON, J.C., Boulder, Col. MCCRACKEN, W., Boulder, Col.
JOCKOVICH, O., Las Cruces, N. Mex. MCINTOSH, G. E., Denver, Col.
JOHNSON, F. T., Pittsburgh, Penn. MCKENNEY, D., Seattle, Wash.
JOHNSON, V.J., Boulder, Col. MCLAUGHLIN, E. F., Berkeley, Cal.
JONES, L. R., Jr., North Wales, Penn. MÄHER, J.B., Oak Brook, III.
JONES, M. C, Boulder, Col. MÄHER, W., Seattle, Wash.
JONES, R. E., Argonne, III. MAKOWSKI, M. J., Anaheim, Cal.
JORGENSEN, J.G., Merritt Island, Fla MANN, D.B., Boulder, Col.
KAMPER, R.A., Boulder, Col. MARK, J.W., Stanford, Cal.
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MARSHALL, J.G., Ashton, Rhode Isl. PATTEN, J.M., Washington, D.C.
MARSHALL, L., Palo Alto, Cai PAUL, H. G., Hunt sville, Ala.
MARTIN, K. B., Argonne, 111. PEERSON, J., Argonne, III.
MATSCH, L. C, Tonawanda, N. Y. PEFF, F.M., Newark, N.J.
MEIER, R.N., Allentown, Penn. PEMBERTON, P. C., Fort Belvoir, Va.
MENARD, A.R., Minneapolis, Minn, PENTZER, W.T., Hyattsville, Mar.
MEUSER, R. B., Berkeley, Cal. PERRY, J. L., Newark, N.J.
MILLER, C.E., Boulder, Col. PETERSEN, Η.Ο., Stanford, Cai.
MILLHISER, D. R., Boulder, Col. PETTERSON, B., Jr., Lake Park, Fla.
MISTER, A.H., Washington, B.C. PINTER, G.R., Bethpage, N.Y.
MOORE, W.I., Jr., Tit us ville, Fia. PIOTROWSKI, R. J., Houston, Tex.
MORRISON, R. D., St. Louis, Miss. PITLOR, J.R., Burlington, Mass.
MOULDER, J.C., Boulder, Col. PLUMB, H.H., Washington, D.C.
MUHLENHAUPT, R.C., Boulder, Col. POLLACK, I., Argonne, III.
MULHOLLAND, G.T., Upton, N.Y. POLLACK, R.S., Silver Spring, Mar.
MULLALY, J. R., Golden, Col. POPE, W.L., Berkeley, Cal.
MULLEN, L.O., Boulder, Col. POWELL, R. L., Boulder, Col.
MURPHY, D.W., Denver, Col. PRADHAN, A. V., Bedford, Ohio
MURRAY, D., Palo Alto, Cal. PRIBIL, S., Brockport, N.Y.
MYERS, H.J., Argonne, III. PRICE, R.H., Bethlehem, Pa.
MYERS, H.S., Jr., Pasadena, Cal. PRODELL, A.G., Upton, N.Y.
NAGAMOTO, T.T., Boulder, Col. PURCELL, J. R., Argonne, III.
NEEPER, D. A., Chicago, III. PYTRYGA, F., Bethlehem, Pa.
NEMMERS, R., Cleveland, Ohio. RAAG, A., New York, NY.
NESBITT, L.B., Schenectady, N.Y. RÄNDLE, W.N., Santa Monica, CaLnn.
NEUBURGER, M.G., Wichita, Kan. REED, R.P., Boulder, Col.
NEWLAND, J. C, Downey, Cal. REEVES, J. R., Jr., Arnold, A. F. St., Te
NOKAY, R., Oakland, Cal. REID, W.H., Boulder, Col.
NORENBURG, J. C, Jamaica, N. Y. REPPY, J.D., Ithaca, N.Y.
NORTON, M.T., Boulder, Col. RHODES, B. L., Kansas City, Miss.
NUBEL, G.C., Jersey City, N.J. RICE, L. H., Boulder, Col.
OBERHAUSER, C, Cambridge, Mass. RICH, A. M., Lexington, Mass.
OBERLY, C.E. Wright-Patterson AFB RICHARDS, R.J., Boulder, Col.
OLIEN, N.A., Boulder, Col. ROBBINS, R.F., Boulder, Col.
OSTENSON, J.E., Ames, Iowa ROBERTS, T. R., LOS Alamos, N.Mex.
OVERSLUIZEN, T., Upton, N.Y. ROBINSON, G.Y., Jr., Cambridge,
OWENS, L.R., C. Canaveral, Fla. RODER, H. M., Boulder, Col.
PABLIC, G.S., Cleveland, Ohio RODGERS, J.H., Boulder, Col.
PARENTE, W.E., Las Cruces, N.Mex. ROGERS, J.D., Los Alamos, N.Mex.
PARISH, H., Columbus, Ohio ROGERS, K.A., Chicago, III.
PARK, E.L., Jr., Rolla, Miss. ROSNER, C.H., Schenectady, N.Y.
PARMENTER, G.L., Jackass FLats Ross, J. L., Kansas City, Miss.
PARNAG, J., Covina, Cai. RUSNAK, J.J., Minneapolis, Minn.
PATERNO, S.S.* Emmàus, Pa. RUSSELL, R. L., Atlanta, Ga.
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SACHSE, H.B., St. Marys, Pa. TAYLOR, CE., Livermore, Cal.
SACKSCHEWSKY, V.E., Golden, Col. TENER, W. M., Pasadena, Cal.
ST. LORANT, S. J., Stanford, Cal. THEEUWES, F., Lawrence, Kan.
SCHAEFFER, W.E., New York, N.Y. THOMAS, G., Cocoa Beach, Fla.
SCHEIBNEK, M., Princeton, N.J. THOMAS, W.H., Washington, D.C.
SCHMIDT, A.F., Boulder, Col. THURSTON, R. S., LOS Alamos,
SCHMIEDER, L.A., Newark, N.J. TIMMERHAUS, K.D., Boulder, Col.
SCHOWALTER, R. H., Wichita, Kan. TRINKLE, H.K., Dayton, Ohio.
SCHUCH, A. F., Los Alamos, N. Mex. TUTTLE, W.A., Upton, N.Y.
SCOTT, L.E., Murray Hill, N.J.
VAN KLEEF, A.L., Emeryville, Cal.
SCOTT, R.B., Boulder, Col. VAN MEERBEKE, R. C, Jersey City,
SELIG, E.B., Woburn, Mass. VANCE, S.W., Chicago, III.
SEVCIK, V.J., Ar gonne, III. VANDER AREND, P. C, Huntsville,
SHEHAN, J.D., Fort Belvoir, Va. VERKAMP, F.J., Indianapolis, Ind.
SHEPPARD, J. C, Cambridge, Mass. VETH, R.D., Houston, Tex.
SIKORA, P.T., Los Alamos, N.Mex. VILLAUME, H.F., Allentown, Pa.
SIMON, J.G., New York, N.Y. VIVIEN, J. N., Cleveland, Ohio
SIMPKINS, H. E., Boulder, Col. VOGELHUBER, W., Columbus, Ohio
SIMPSON, A.U., Boulder, Col. VOTH, R., Boulder, Col.
SLACK, H.C., Baltimore, Mar. WALKER, C, Murray Hill, N.J.
SMITH, J. B., Merritt Island, Fla. WAPATO, P. G., Garden Grove, Cal.
SMITH, J.L., Jr., Cambridge, Mass. WATKINS, R. A., Miamisburg, Ohio
SMITH, R.G., Boulder, Col. WEBER, L. A., Boulder, Col.
SMITH, R.V., Boulder, Col. WEEKLEY, R.D., Boulder, Col.
SNEDEN, G.K., Newark, N.J. WEITZEL, D.H., Boulder, Col.
SOINI, H. E., Cambridge, Mass. WESTERHAUSEN, J. W., Phoenix, Ariz.
SORENSEN, H.T., Santa Monica, Cal. WHALEN, M.J., Boulder, Col.
SPARKS, L. A., Boulder, Col. WHEELOCK, H.R., Norco, Cal.
STANLEY, N.E., St. Louis, Miss. WHETSTONE,C.N., CanogaPark, Cal.
STARNES, J. B., Everett, Wash. WHITE, T.J., Huntsville, Ala.
STEARNS, T., Woburn, Mass. WILLIAMS, J. E. C, Cambridge, Mass.
STEIN, H.L., Cleveland, Ohio WILSON, R. E., Santa Monica, Cal.
STEINER, R. R., North Olmsted, Ohio WILSON, W.A., Boulder, Col.
STEKLY, Z. I. J., Everett, Mass. WINEGAR, P. M., Cape Canaveral,
STEPHENSON, A. D., Jr., Dallas, Tex. WINKELER, L.J., St. Louis, Miss.
STEWARD, W. G., Boulder, Col. WITTER, C.E., Tonawanda, N.Y.
STEWARD, R.B., Boulder, Col. WOOD, G. M., Jr., Hampton, Va.
STROBRIDGE, T. R., Boulder, Col. WORLUND, A. L., Huntsville, Ala.
STUART, R. W., Cambridge, Mass. YEAKEY, W. L., Cocoa Beach, Fla.
SVIATOSLAVSKY, I. N., Stoughton YOSHIKAWA, D. K., Los Angeles, Cal.
SWIM, R.T., Washington, D.C. YOUNGLOVE, B.A., Boulder, Col.
SYDORIAK,*S. G., LOS Alamos ZIMMERMAN, F. J., Easton, Pa.
SZARA, R. J., Chicago, III.
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