Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids: Volume 4 PDF
Preview Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids: Volume 4
Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids Volume 4 Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids Volume I-Proceedings of an American Chemical Society Symposium, New York City, September, 1969 Volume 2-Selected papers from a symposium of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chicago, August, 1973 Volume 3-Selected papers from a symposium of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chicago, August 30-September 3, 1977 Volume 4-Proceedings of an American Chemical Society Symposium, Las Vegas, March 29-Aprill, 1982 A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluzeds Volume 4 Edited by ANSELM C. GRIFFIN University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, Mississippi and JULIAN F. JOHNSON University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK-LONDON Library of Congress cataloged the second volume of this title as follows: Main entry under title: Liquid crystals and ordered fluids. Papers, from a symposium of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry held in Chicago during the national meeting of the American Chemical Society, August 1973, of the 3d of a series of meetings; papers of the 1st are entered under the title: Ordered fluids and liquid crystals; papers of the 2d are entered under: Symposium on Ordered Fluids and Liquid Crystals, 2d, New York, 1969. 1. Liquid crystals-Congresses. I. Johnson, Julian Frank, 1923- ed. II. Porter, Roger Stephen, 1928- ed. III. American Chemical Society. Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. QD923.L56 548'.9 74-1269 Library of Congress Card Catalog Number 74-1269 ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9658-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2661-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2661-8 Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Symposium on Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids, held March 29-April I, 1982, in Las Vegas, Nevada © 1984 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE This volume represents a collection of selected papers presented at a symposium of the same name sponsored by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry held at the national Spring meeting of the American Chemical Society in Las Vegas, Nevada, March 29 - April 1, 1982. Also included are invited papers from a number of outstanding overseas liquid crystal scientists who were unable to attend the symposium. The attendance at the symposium itself and the number of papers contained herein is reflective of the high level of current interest in (and maturity of) the field of liquid crystal research. Included in this volume are papers mainly derived from the fields of chemistry and physics ranging in content from the design and synthesis of new meso genic materials to theoretical physical treatments of anisotropic liquids. One of the significant aspects of current liquid crystal research is the increasing col laboration between chemist and phys.icist. The overlap of these two areas has been growing over the last several years and many contri butions to this volume involve a molecular approach to the chemical physics of liquid crystalline materials. In addition to the classical areas of liquid crystalline investigation which are well represented here, there are several contributions involving new developments/concepts which are in the emerging stage, examples of which follow: pleochroic dyes, discotics, ferroelectrics, incommensurate smectics, adiabatic co larime try , mesogenic polymers and polymer models, non-aqueous lyotropics and ordered biological arrays, spectroscopic determination of detailed molecular dynamics in mesogens, surface alignment for device appli cations, blue phases in cholesterics, improved theoretical inter pretation of mesophase behavior, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of liquid crystalline materials. Julian F. Johnson Anselm C. Griffin v CONTENTS Some Novel Ferroelectric Smectic Liquid Crystals 1 J. W. Goodby and T. M. Leslie Liquid Crystalline Esters of Phenylhydroquinone and 3-Phenyl 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid 33 R. J. Cox, W. Volksen and B. L. Dawson The Synthesis and Characterization of Some Perylene and Anthraquinoic Dichroic Dyes for Liquid Crystal Display Applications 43 T. M. Leslie, J. W. Goodby and R. W. Filas Some New Thermotropic Discogens 57 Pierre Le Barny, Jean Billard and Jean-Claude Dubois Syntheses and Properties of Liquid Crystalline Heterocycloalkanes 75 H. Zaschke, A. Isenberg and H. -M. Vorbrodt Characterization of Two Isomeric Cyano-Ester Homologous Series -I 89 J. W. Goodby, T. M. Leslie, P. E. Cladis and P. L. Finn Effects of Molecular Length on Nematic Mixtures - IV: Structure Effects on Viscosity of Ester Mixtures 111 J. David Margerum, Siu-May Wong, John E. Jensen, and Camille van Ast vii viii CONTENTS Orientationa1 Disorder in Smectic Liquid Crystals: An Aspect of Structure that has to be Included 137 Adriaan de Vries Effect of Molecular Structure of Rigid - Flexible Polyesters on Their Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Properties 155 Leszek Makaruk and Hanna Po1anska Relationships Between Molecular Structure and the Incidence of Crystal Band Hexatic B Phases 175 J. W. Goodby Characterization of the Phases of Two Isomeric Cyano-Ester Homologous Series - II 203 P. E. C1adis, P. L. Finn, J. W. Goodby Unusual Glass Transition of Smectic Liquid Crystal in p-n-Hexy1oxybenzy1idene-p'-Buty1ani1ine 233 Michio Sorai, Hideki Yoshioka and Hiroshi Suga Some High Electric Field Effects in Nematic Liquid Crystals 253 E. F. Carr, R. W. H. Kozlowski and Mojtaba Shamsai Application of Generalized Van Der Waals Theory of Homologous Nematogens- Part 1: Trans-4- Ethoxy-4'-li-A1kanoy1oxyazobenzenes. 265 Andrew C. Pineda, Todd J. Jones and Gerald R. Van Hecke Application of Regular Solution Theory to Discotic Mesophases: Calculation of Phase Diagrams Exhibiting Minima 283 Ralph A. Wheeler and Gerald R. Van Hecke Extension of McMillan's Model to Liquid Crystals of Disc-Like Molecules 299 S. Chandrasekhar, K. L. Savithramma and N. V. Madhusudana Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polymers with Mesogenic Groups and Flexible Spacers in the Main Chain 311 A. Blumstein, J. Asrar and R. B. Blumstein CONTENTS ix Effect of Mesogenic Unit and Spacer Structures on the Thermotropic Properties of Main Chain Liquid Crystal Polyesters 347 Robert W. Lenz and Jung-II Jin The Role of Sequence Distribution on Liquid Crystalline Properties of Aromatic Copolyesters 363 J. Tsay, W. Volksen, and J. Economy Diffusion of Rigid Polyamides Through Swollen Gel of Same 375 Shaul M. Aharoni The Molecular Weight Dependence of the Splay and Bend Elastic Constants of a Polymer Liquid Crystal 393 Jacob R. Fernandes and Donald B. DuPre DSC, Miscibility and X-ray Studies of the Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyesters with Aromatic Moieties and Flexible Spacers in the Main Chain 401 L. Bosio, B. Fayolle, C. Friedrich, F. Laupretre, P. Meurisse, C. Noel, J. Virlet Influence of the Leprosy Drug, Dapsone, on the Phase Transitions of the Lyotropic, Dipalmitoyl Phosphaltidylcholine (DPPC) 429 K. Usha Deniz, P. S. Parvathanathan, E. B. Mirza, V. Amirthalingam and S. Gurnani Nonaqueous Lyotropic Liquid Crystals of Lecithin and Oligomers of Polyethylene Glycols 441 M. EI-Nokaly, S. E. Friberg, and D. W. Larsen The Diamagnetic Anisotropy of Lyotropic Nematic Mesophases 451 Maria Elisa Marcondes Helene, Leonard W. Reeves and Carol Robinson Physical Models of Lipid Membranes in Latent Cancer Cells: Ordering Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons 467 A. Wesley Horton and George R. Penk Adiabatic Compression: A New Method to Measure Latent Heats in Phospholipid Bilayers 479 Ned D. Russell and Peter J. Collings x CONTENTS Anisotropy of the Electric Conductivity in Amphiphilic Liquid Crystals 491 P. Photinos and A. Saupe Phase Transition Properties of Bilayers of Mixed Lipids and Their Covalent Analogs 505 Mahendra Kumar Jain, Joe Rogers and Fausto Ramirez On The Orientation of Liquid Crystals by Monolayers of Amphiphilic Molecules 515 K. Hiltrop and H. Stegemeyer Refractive Index Measurements Using a Double Arm Converging Beam Interferometer 531 D. Balzarini and P. Palffy-Muhoray A Pulsed NMR Study of Transient and Persistent Molecular Order in Nematic Liquid Crystals 539 P. A. Mitchel and C. E. Tarr The Effect of Twist on Biaxial Ordering in the Cholesteric Phase 551 Z. Yaniv, M. E. Neubert and J. W. Doane Deuteron Magnetic Relaxation and Molecular Dynamics in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals 561 Regitze R. VoId and Robert L. VoId An Effective Proton Hyperfine Tensor for Di-Tertbutylnitroxide 579 Barney L. Bales, Ronney A. Dolin and Robert N. Schwartz Alkyl Chain Flexibility in Liquid Crystals 597 Hirokazu Toriumi and Edward T. Samulski Orientational Order in Binary Mixtures of Nematic Liquid Crystals 615 P. Palffy-Muhoray, D. A. Dunmur, W. H. Miller and D. A. Balzarini The Effect of the Tricritical Region on the Smectic A - Smectic C Transition 643 C. C. Huang and J. M. Viner Spatial Correlations in Nematic Liquid Crystals 653 Chia-Wei Woo, Kean Feng, and Ping Sheng CONTENTS xi Molecular Structure and Ordering in Liquid Crystals 673 J. Shashidhara Prasad and N. C. Shivaprakash New Liquid Crystals, Polymeric and Monomeric, Derived From Binaphthyl 687 A. J. East and B. C. Benicewicz Ioneneomeric Liquid Crystals 697 Li-Ping Yu and Edward T. Samulski Mesomorphic Properties of an Homologous Series of Alkyl-Terminated Enamine-Ketone Containing Liquid Crystals 705 Brian C. Benicewicz, Samuel J. Huang, Joseph A. Pavlisko and Julian F. Johnson Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Amphiphilic and Non Amphiphilic Side Chains - Effect of the Main Chain on the Phase Behaviour 715 H. Finkelmann, B. Luhmann, G. Rehage and H. Stevens The Fluid Mesophases of Polar Rods 727 F. Hardouin, Nguyen Huu Tinh, M. F. Achard, and A. M. Levelut The Nematogeneity of Some Hydrocarbons 737 R. Eidenschink, M. Roemer, E. Merck and F. V. Allan Some Heterocyclic Analogues of Biphenyl Mesogens 745 D. J. Byron, D. Lacey and R. C. Wilson Alignment of Liquid Crystal Molecules on Various Surfaces: Myths, Theories, Facts 763 Joseph A. Castellano Development of Dual-Frequency Addressable Liquid Crystals 781 R. L. Hubbard, J. C. H. Liang, and K. R. Koehler/Beran Dielectric Studies of Monoester and Diester Nematogens 799 M. F. Bone, A. H. Price, M. G. Clark and D. G. McDonnell
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