Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids: Volume 2 PDF
Preview Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids: Volume 2
Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids Volume 2 Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids Volume 1 - Proceedings ofa n American Chemical Society Symposium, New York aty, September, 1969 Volume 2 - Selected papers from a symposium of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chicago, August, 1973 A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Liquid CCrryyssttaallss aanndd Ordered FFlluuli-ddss VVoolluummee 22 EEddiitteedd bbyy JJUULLIIAANN FF.. JJOOHHNNSSOONN IInnssttiittuuttee ooffMM aatteerriiaallss SScciieennccee UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff CCoonnnneeccttiiccuutt SSttOO""SS,, CCoonnnneeccttiiccuutt aanndd RROOGGEERR SS.. PPOORRTTEERR MMaatteerriiaallss RReesseeaarrcchh LLaabboorraattoorryy UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff MMaassssaacchhuusseettttss AAmmhheerrsstt,, MMaassssaacchhuusseettttss PPLLEENNUUMM PPRREESSSS •• NNEEWW YYOORRKK--LLOONNDDOONN Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Liquid crystals and ordered fluids. Papers, from a symposium of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry held in Chicago during the national meeting of the American Chemical Society, August 1973, of the 3d of a series of meetings; papers of the 1st are entered under the title: Ordered fluids and liquid crystals; papers of the 2d are entered under: Symposium on Ordered Fluids and Liquid Crystals, 2d, New York, 1969. 1. Liquid crystals-Congresses. I. Johnson, Julian Frank, 1923- ed. II. Porter, Roger Stephen, 1928- ed. III. American Chemical Society. Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. QD923.L56 548'.9 74-1269 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-2729-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-2727-1 DOl: 10/1007/978-1-4684-2727-1 Selected papers from a symposium of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry held in Chicago during the national meeting of the American Chemical Society, August, 1973 @1974Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1974 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N. Y. 10011 United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. 4a Lower John Street, London WIR 3PD, England All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE This volume represents a collection of selected papers from a symposium of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry held in Chicago during the national meeting of the American Chemical Society, August, 1973. The response was remarkable to this "By Invitation" symposium on Ordered Fluids and Liquid Crystals. The size alone expresses the growth of the field. The number of contributions assembled here, for example, is approximately twice that at each of the two previous American Chemical Society symposia on this subject. Contributions from eleven countries were presented and this volume contains more than this number of papers from abroad. The increased attention to liquid crystals has brought some interesting trends in the kinds of systems, the experimental methods, and the nature of the lahoratories involved. There has, for example, been an impressive increase in the number of academic studies on liquid crystals. The works herewith published also represent an im pressive variety of traditional and novel eXperimental techniques for the study of liquid crystals. These include rheology, infrared spec troscopy, dielectrics, ultrasonics, pulsed NMR, the Kerr effect, plus thermal and electrical conductivity. The volume includes cohesive sets of papers in several distinct areas. Included are groupings of papers on both polymers and on aqueous systems. An additional set involves the new emphasis on studies of specific subclasses of smectic mesophases. A collection of papers on cholesteric structures is also included. The predominant set of studies continues to be in the area of nematic mesophases. This, of course, is due to the spectacular features of this mesophase type - with both realized and potential applications. The nematic compositions now under wide study thus commonly exhibit mesophase behavior near ambient temperature as the result of either special syntheses and/or compound blending. Consequently, 1:he effects of electromagnetic fields on nematic mesophases continue to receive wide attention as a result of the optical features which make them suitable for visual displays. v vi PREFACE This volume represents a comprehensive extension of Volume I which was published in 1970 by the same editors and publishing house. A unifying subject index is provided at the back of each volume. These books thus hopefully provide an overview of the continuingly impressive crescendo of activity in the field of Ordered Fluids and Liquid Crystals. Roger S. Porter, Head Polymer Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts Julian F. Johnson Department of Chemistry and Associate Director Materials Research Institute University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut Symposium Co-Chairmen and Editors September 20, 1974 CONTENTS The Binding of Divalent Ions to the Phosphoglycoprotein Phosvitin 1 Kart Grizzuti and Gertrude E. Perlmann Liquid Crystalline Behavior of Biologically Important Lipids. Polyunsaturated Cholesterol Esters and Phospholipids 11 D. M. Small, C. Loomis, M. Janiak, G. G. Shipley An E.P.R. Investigation of the Alignment of Two Smectic A Liquid Crystals 23 Arthur Berman, Edward Gelerinter, George C. Fryburg and Glenn H. Brown Pretransitional Behavior in the Isotropic Phase of Homologous Compounds Showing Nematic and Smectic C Type Order 33 T. R. Steger, Jr., J. D. Litster and W. R. Young Electric Field Effects in the Nematic and Smectic Phases of p-n-Nonyloxybenzoic Acid 39 L. S. Chou and E. F. Carr Stability of Molecular Order in the Smectic A Phase of a Liquid Crystal 53 C. E. Tarr, R. M. Dennery and A. M. Fuller Molecular Diffusion in the Nematic and Smectic C Phase of 4-4'-Di-n-Heptyloxyazoxybenzene (HOAB) 63 J. A. Murphy, J .-W. Doane and D. L. Fishel Diffusion in Oriented Lamellar Phases by Pulsed NMR 67 Mingjien Chien, B. A. Smith, E. T. Samulski and C. G. Wade vii viii CONTENTS Rotational Diffusion in the Nematic Phase: Part I 73 K. S. Chu. B. L. Richards. D. S. Moroi and W. M. Franklin Possible Phase Diagrams for Mixtures of 'Positive' and 'Negative' Nematic Liquid Crystals 81 Richard Alben Vibrational Spectra of Liquid Crystals. VIII. Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements of Order in Nematics and Nematic Solutions 85 Bernard J. Bulkin. Terry Kennelly and Wai Bong Lok Changes in Thermodynamic and Optical Properties Asso ciated with Mesomorphic Transitions 97 J. R. Flick. A. S. Marshall and S. E. B. Petrie Kinetics of Field Alignment and Elastic Relaxation in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 115 T. S. Chang. P. E. Greene and E. E. Loebner Studies on the Molecular Arrangement in Liquid Crystals by Polarization of Fluorescence 125 S. Sakagami. A. Takase. M. Nakamizo and H. Kakiyama Molecular Order and Molecular Theories of Liquid Crystals 141 W. L. McMillan A New Lyotropic Nematic Mesophase 147 Robert C. Long. Jr. and J. H. Goldstein NMR Studies of the Interaction between Sodium Ions and Anionic Surfactants in Some Amphiphile-Water Systems 161 H. Gustavsson. G. Lindblom. B. Lindman. N .-0. Persson and H. Wennerstrom The Dependence of Some Properties of Aqueous Liquid Crystalline Phases on Their Water Content 177 Per Ekwall Dielectric Relaxation in Lipid Bilayer Membranes 199 S. Takashima and H. P. Schwan CONTENTS ix Numerical Computations for the Flow of Liquid Crystals 211 Bruce A. Finlayson The Investigation of Lipid-Water Systems. Part 5. Infra- red Spectra of Mesophases 225 M. P. McDonald and L. D. R. Wilford Optical Properties of Nematic Poly-y-Benzyl-L-Glutamate 237 Donald B. DePre and James R. Hammersmith Liquid Crystal-Isotropic Phase Equilibria in Stiff Chain Polymers 243 Wilmer G. Miller, Juey H. Rai and Elizabeth L. Wee Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Polypeptide Liquid Crystals 257 William A. Hines and Edward T. Samulski Magnetic Relaxation of Poly-y-Benzyl-L-Glutamate Solutions in Deuterochloroform 267 B. M. Fung and Thomas H. Martin Polymerization of P-Methacryloyloxybenzoic Acid and Methacrylic Acid in Mesomorphic N-Alkoxy- Benzoic Acids 277 A. Blumstein, R. Blumstein, G. J. Murphy, C. Wilson and J . Billard Thermotropic Liquid Crystals. VI. The Preparation and Mesophase Properties of Asymmetrically 4,4'-Disubstituted Phenyl Benzoates 293 Mary E. Neubert, Leo T. Carlino, Richard D'Sidocky and D. L. Fishel Effects of Certain Central Groups on the Liquid Crystal Properties of Dicarboxylic Esters 307 Lawrence Verbit and Robert L. Tuggey Relations of Two Continuum Theories of Liquid Crystals 315 James D. Lee and A. Cemal Eringen Structure and Thermal Conductivity of Supercooled MBBA 331 J. O. Kessler and J. E. Lydon The Dielectric Properties of Nematic MBBA in the Presence of Electric and Magnetic Fields 341 P. G. Cummins, D. A. Dunmur and N. E. Jessup x CONTENTS Bulk Viscosities of MBBA from Ultrasonic Measurements 351 K. A. Kemp and S. V. Letcher Order Parameters and Conformation of Nematic I!.-Methoxy benzylidene-:e.-n-Butylaniline (MBBA) by NMR Studies of Some Specifically Deuterated Deriva- tives 357 Y. S. Lee, Y . Y . Hsu and D. Dolphin The Anisotropic Electrical Conductivity of MBBA Containing Alkyl Ammonium Halides 367 Roger Chang Continuum Theory of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 383 A. Cemal Eringen and James D. Lee Chirality in Mixed Nematic and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 403 N. Oron, K. Ko, L. J. Yu and M. M. Labes Cylindrically Symmetric Textures in Mesophases of Cholesteryl Esters 411 Fraser P. Price and Chan S. Bak Induced Rotary Power in Ternary Mixtures of Liquid Crystals 421 James Adams, Gary Dir and Werner Haas Conductivity Differences in the Cholesteric Textures 429 Gary Dir, James Adams and Werner Haas Electro-Optical Properties of Imperfectly Ordered Planar Cholesteric Layers 437 C. J. Gerritsma and P. van Zan ten Temperature Dependence and Rheological Behavior of the Shear-Induced Grandjean to Focal Conic Transition in the Cholesteric Mesophase 449 John Pochan, Peter Erhardt and W. Conrad Richards Mesomorphic Behaviour of Optically Active Anils: 4-n- Alkoxybenzylidene-41-Methylalkylanilines 461 Y . Y. Hsu and D. Dolphin Comments on the Relaxation Process in the Cholesteric- Nematic Transition 483 R. A. Kashnow, J. E. Bigelow, H. S. Cole and C. R. Stein
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