Lipid A in Cancer Therapy PDF
Preview Lipid A in Cancer Therapy
LipidAin Cancer Therapy ADVANCES INEXPERIMENTALMEDICINEANDBIOLOGY EditorialBoard: NATHANBACK,StateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffalo IRUNR.COHEN,TheWeizmannInstituteofScience ABELLAJTHA,N.S.KlineInstituteforPsychiatricResearch JOHND.LAMBRIS,UniversityofPennsylvania RODOLFOPAOLETTI,UniversityofMilan RecentVolumesinthisSeries Volume660 PARAOXONASESININFLAMMATION,INFECTION,ANDTOXICOLOGY EditedbySrinuReddy Volume661 MEMBRANERECEPTORS,CHANNELSANDTRANSPORTERSIN PULMONARYCIRCULATION EditedbyJasonX.-J.Yuan,andJeremyP.T.Ward Volume662 OXYGENTRANSPORTTOTISSUEXXXI EditedbyDuaneF.BruleyandEijiTakahasi Volume663 STRUCTUREANDFUNCTIONOFTHENEURALCELLADHESION MOLECULENCAM EditedbyVladimirBerezin Volume664 RETINALDEGENERATIVEDISEASES EditedbyRobertE.Anderson,JoeG.Hollyfield,andMatthewM.LaVail Volume665 FORKHEADTRANSCRIPTIONFACTORS EditedbyKennethMaiese Volume666 PATHOGEN-DERIVEDIMMUNOMODULATORYMOLECULES EditedbyPadraicG.Fallon Volume667 LIPIDAINCANCERTHERAPY EditedbyJean-FrancoisJcannin AContinuationOrderPlanisavailableforthisseries.Acontinuationorderwillbringdeliveryofeachnewvolume immediatelyuponpublication.Volumesarebilledonlyuponaetualshipment.Forfurtherinformationplease contactthepublisher. Lipid A in Cancer Therapy Editedby Jean-FrancoisJeannin TumorImmunologyandImmunotherapyLaboratory Ecole PractiquedesHautes Etudes Inserm U866, UniversityofBurgundy,Dijon,France Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Landes Bioscience SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC LandesBioscience Copyright©2009LandesBioscienceandSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechani- cal,includingphotocopy,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermission inwritingfromthepublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeof beingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem;forexclusiveusebythePurchaserofthework. PrintedintheUSA. SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NewYork10013,USA http://www.springer.com Pleaseaddressallinquiriestothepublishers: LandesBioscience,1002WestAvenue,Austin,Texas7870I,USA Phone:51216376050;FAX:512/6376079 http://www.landesbioscience.com ThechaptersinthisbookareavailableintheMadameCurieBioscienceDatabase. http://www.landesbioscience.comlcurie LipidAinCancerTherapy,editedbyJean-FrancoisJeannin.LandesBioscience1SpringerScience+Business Media,LLCdualimprint1Springerseries:AdvancesinExperimentalMedicineandBiology. ISBN:978-1-4419-1602-0 Whiletheauthors,editorsandpublisherbelievethatdrugselectionanddosageandthespecificationsand usageofequipmentanddevices,assetforthinthisbook,areinaccordwithcurrentrecommendations andpracticeatthetimeofpublication,theymakenowarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespectto materialdescribedinthisbook.Inviewoftheongoingresearch,equipmentdevelopment,changesin governmentalregulationsandtherapidaccumulationofinformationrelatingtothebiomedicalsciences, thereaderisurgedtocarefullyreviewandevaluatetheinformationprovidedherein. Library ofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData LipidAincancertherapy1editedbyJean-FrancoisJeannin. p,;em.-- (Advancesinexperimentalmedicineandbiology;667) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4419-1602-0 1. Cancer--Immunotherapy.2. Microbial lipids-Therapeuticuse.3. Endotoxins--Therapeuticuse. r. Jeannin,Jean-Francois, 1948-II.Series:Advances inexperimental medicine andbiology, v.667. 0065-2598; [DNLM:1. LipidA--pharmacology.2. LipidA--therapeuticuse.3. Neoplasms-drugtherapy. WI AD559v.66720091QU85L76052009] RC27I.I45L572009 616.99'4061--dc22 2009035583 FOREWORD Cancerremains a major challenge for modem society. Not only does cancer rank among the first three causes ofmortality in most population groups but also thetherapeuticoptionsavailableformosttumortypesarelimited.Theexistingones have limitedefficacy, lackspecificityand their administrationcarry major side ef- fects.Hence theurgent need fornovel cancertherapies. One ofthemostpromising avenues inresearchistheuse ofspecific immunotherapy. Thenotionthattheimmunesystem may have importantanti-tumoreffects has been around for more than a century now. Every major progress in microbiology and immunology has been immediately followed by attempts to apply the new knowledgetothetreatmentofcancer. Progress hasreachedapointwhere itiswell establishedthat most cancerpatients mount specific T cell responses against their tumors.Themolecularidentity oftheantigensrecognizedby anti-tumorTcellshas beenelucidatedandseveralhundreds oftumor-derivedantigenic peptideshavebeen discovered. Upon recognitionofsuch peptidespresentedby selfMHC molecules, both CD8 and CD4 Tcells are activated,expandtohigh numbers anddifferentiate into effective anti-tumoragents.CD8 T cells directly destroy tumor cells and can causeevenlargetumorstocompletelyregressinexperimentalmousemodels.These observations have spurredintense researchactivityaimed atdesigningand testing cancervaccines. Over 100 years ago Coley successfully used intratumoral injection ofkilled bacteriato treat sarcomas. The importantanti-tumoreffects observed inafraction ofthese patients fueled major research efforts. These led to major discoveries in the 80s and the 90s. It turns out that bacterial lipopolysaccharides stimulate the production ofmassive amounts ofacytokine still known today as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a). They do soby engagementofa rather complexset ofinteractions culminatingintheligationofaToll-likereceptor,TLR-4. Ensuing signalingthrough thisreceptorinitiatespotentinnateimmuneresponses. Unfortunatelytheclinicaluse ofbothTNF-aandLPScannotbegeneralizedduetotheirverynarrow therapeutic margin.Importantly,synthetic LipidAanalogshavebeenidentifiedthatretainuseful bioactivityand yetpossess onlymild toxicity. v vi Foreword Therelativelylargebody ofinformationaccumulatedthusfaronthemolecular and cellularinteractions set in motion by administration ofLPS as well as by the syntheticLipidAanalogsallowtoplacethisfamilyofbacterially-derivedmolecules atthecrossroadsbetweeninnateandadaptive immunity. Byvirtue ofthiskeyposi- tion,thetherapeuticapplicationsbeingpursuedaimatusingthesecompoundseither asdirect anti-tumoragentsorasvaccineadjuvants.Theclinicalexperienceacquired sofaronthese twoavenues isasymmetric.Fewclinicaltrialsusing LipidAanalogs as single anti-canceragents involvingless than 100patients with advancedcancer have been reported.Incontrast, LipidAhasbeen testedinover300,000individuals invarious vaccinestrials,includingtherapeuticcancervaccines. Clearly most ofthe work needed to develop Lipid A as effective anti-cancer agents and/orasvaccineadjuvantliesaheadinthenearfuture.Thisbookisatimely contribution and provides a much needed up-to-date overview ofthe chemical, biologicaland physiological aspects ofLipid A. It shouldbe abeaconto all those involvedinthis field ofresearch. Jean-Charles Cerottini, MD UniversityofLausanne, FormerDirector, LudwigInstitutefor CancerResearch LausanneBranch PedroRomero,MD UniversityofLausanne, Member, LudwigInstitutefor CancerResearch LausanneBranch ABOUT THE EDITOR... JEAN-FRAN<;OIS JEANNIN isProfessorofImmunologyat Ecole Practique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE) and director ofthe EPHE Tumor Immunology and ImmunotherapyLaboratory,anINSERM(NationalInstituteofHealthand Medical Research)team.Hismainresearchinterestshaveincludedtheeffects oflipopolysac- charidesinthetumorimmuneresponseandtheimmunotherapyofcoloncancerwith LipidA.NowheisinvestigatingmechanismsofimmunotherapywithsyntheticLipid Aanalogs incancerpatients and animal cancermodels. He is especiallyinterested in the sensitization oftumor cell death by nitric oxide produced in tumors during LipidAimmunotherapy. Jean-FrancoisJeanninhasbeenDean andPresidentoftheLifeSciencesfaculty ofEPHEand amemberofnumerousscientificorganizations. vii PARTICIPANTS ShizuoAkira Klaus Brandenburg DepartmentofHost Defense Division ofBiophysics Research Institute forMicrobial Research Center Borstel Diseases Leibniz-CenterforMedicine Osaka University and Biosciences and Borstel ERATO Germany Japan Science andTechnology Corporation Jean-CharlesCerottini Osaka UniversityofLausanne Japan Ludwig Institute forCancer Research Lausanne JorgAndra Switzerland BiophysicsDivision Research Center Borstel ChristopherW. Cluff Leibniz-CenterforMedicine GlaxoSmithKlineBiologicals andBiosciences Hamilton, Montana Borstel USA Germany Thomas Gutsmann MarcBardou DepartmentofImmunochemistry Clinical PharmacologyUnit and BiochemicalMicrobiology andLaboratoryofCardiovascular Research CenterBorstel ExperimentalPhysiology Leibniz-CenterforMedicine andPharmacology and Biosciences Dijon Borstel France Germany AliBettaieb Masahito Hashimoto Tumor Immunology DepartmentofNanostructure andImmunotherapyLaboratory andAdvancedMaterials EcolePractique desHautes Etudes Graduate School ofScience Inserm U866 and Engineering University ofBurgundy KagoshimaUniversity Dijon Korimoto,Kagoshima France Japan ix Participants x Jean-FrancoisJeannin NiloferQureshi TumorImmunology DepartmentofBasic MedicalScience and ImmunotherapyLaboratory SchoolofMedicine EcolePractiquedesHautes Etudes ShockTraumaResearchCenter InsennU866 UniversityofMissouri UniversityofBurgundy Kansas City,Missouri Dijon USA France CatherinePaul KazuyoshiKawahara TumorImmunology DepartmentofAppliedMaterial and ImmunotherapyLaboratory and Life Science InsennU866 CollegeofEngineering UniversityofBurgundy Kanto GakuinUniversity Dijon Yokohama,Kanagawa France Japan DanieleReisser ShoichiKusumoto TumorImmunology SuntoryInstitutefor Bioorganic and ImmunotherapyLaboratory Research InsennU866 Shimamoto-cho UniversityofBurgundy Mishima-gun,Osaka Dijon Japan France AmandineMartin CherylE.Rockwell TumorImmunology DepartmentofBasic MedicalScience and ImmunotherapyLaboratory SchoolofMedicine InsennU866 ShockTraumaResearchCenter UniversityofBurgundy UniversityofMissouri Dijon KansasCity,Missouri France USA DavidC. Morrison Pedro Romero DepartmentofBasic MedicalScience UniversityofLausanne SchoolofMedicine LudwigInstituteforCancerResearch ShockTraumaResearchCenter Lausanne UniversityofMissouri Switzerland Kansas City,Missouri USA NejiaSassi TumorImmunology MareikeMuller and ImmunotherapyLaboratory DepartmentofImmunochemistry InsennU866 and BiochemicalMicrobiology UniversityofBurgundy ResearchCenterBorstel Dijon Leibniz-CenterforMedicine France and Biosciences Borstel Germany
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