Linux User & Developer 168 - Multi-Boot Your System

100 Pages·2016·14.957 MB·English

by  April Madden

FREE DVD WITH 3 LIVE BOOTING DISTROS
www.linuxuser.co.uk
L
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IS THE ESSENTIAL MAGAZINE
S FOR THE GNU GENERATION
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1
6
8
MRUNU THRELE DISTTROSI WI THB THE UOLTIMATOE GUIDET
YOUR SYSTEM
M
U
L
TI B • Everyday Linux • Windows • Enterprise solutions • Specialist distros
O
O
T
Y MASTER VIRTUALISATION HANDLE CONTROL
O
U
R STRUCTURES IN BASH
S
YS Set up a host and run virtual machines 10Modify a script’s execution sequence
T
E BEST
M COMPILE SOURCE CODE SAFELY

Harden binaries against
memory corruption exploits
BOARDS
COLLABORATE IN GANIB
Manage enterprise-level
FOR MAKERS
multiuser projects
RUN LINUX ON
Looking for an alternative to
Raspberry Pi? Try one of these
AN ANDROID
DEVICE
Install your favourite OS
in a chroot on your phone
w
w
w
.lin DELL XPS 13 COMPILE SOFTWARE PLUS ISSUEIS 1S6N 82041-3270 £5.99
u DEVELOPER EDITION FASTER WITH DISTCC » Use Go packages 68 >
xu » Office suites
s » Hack a toy
er.c The laptop with Linux on board Make your Pi do the hard work with the Pi Zero 9 772041 327002
o.u BUILD AN EXPLORER ROBOT PPAARRTT TTWWOO
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001_LUD168.indd 1 13/07/2016 09:49
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Contributors
Dan Aldred, Joey Bernard, Toni Castillo Girona, Christian Cawley, » Master virtualisation
Sanne De Boer, Kunal Deo, Alex Ellis, Tam Hanna, Oliver Hill, Phil
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003_LUD168.indd 3 12/07/2016 16:44
Contents
Reviews
Subscribe 81 Office suites
& save! How do these free alternatives stack
26 C gUchraSeena cc tksu n usoebtuowstm c ooruefibfrres er ! up in features and usability?
on page 80
OpenOffice LibreOffice
WPS Office FreeOffice
16 Multi boot your system
Get three distros running on one machine
OpenSource Tutorials
08 News 28 Bash masterclass: Script execution
T he biggest stories from Bash provides a set of scripts that modify the
the open source world execution sequence
86 Dell XPS 13 9350
10 Interview 32 Compile software using
Developer Edition
Reynold Xin of Apache modern protections
A laptop with Linux out of the box
Spark talks data Hardening binaries can prevent corruption-
memory-based exploits taking over
14 Kernel column 88 deepin 15.2
The latest on the Linux 36 Run a Linux chroot on Android The Debian-based distro’s latest
kernel with Jon Masters Android is Linux-based and uses a Linux update promises big things...
kernel, making it ideal for a chroot
94 Letters 90 Free software
Your questions answered, 40 Organise collaborative projects Richard Smedley recommends some
from tech help to advice with Ganib excellent FOSS packages for you to try
Install Ganib and use it to manage and simplify
your collaborative projects
44 Set up a virtualisation host and
virtual machines
Take a closer look at setting up virtualisation
hosts and virtual machines on Ubuntu
48 Learn Go: Explore, create and use
Features
Go packages
LLeeaarrnn hhooww ttoo ddeevveelloopp aanndd uussee GGoo ppaacckkaaggeess
16 Multi boot your system
Using multiple operating 55 Practical Raspberry Pi
systems increases efficiency Continue our Explorer robot series, check
out a gesture-based remote control, get
56 10 best boards 97 Free downloads
Arduinos talking to the Pi in Python, hack a
for makers Find out what we’ve uploaded to our digital toy and compile programs with distcc
Alternatives to the Pi content hub FileSilo for you this month
Join us online for more Linux news, opinion and reviews www.linuxuser.co.uk
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Open Source
On the disc
On your free
DVD this issue
Load DVD
Find out what’s on your free disc
To access software and tutorial
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Welcome to the Linux User & Developer DVD. need, including essential backup software, the your computer and double-click
This issue we’ll help you multi boot your machine. best open source partitioning utility and a choice the icon.
Whether you want to combine Windows and of distros. Follow the instructions to live boot or Live boot
Linux or several distros, we’ve got everything you install your software and distros from the disc.
To live-boot into the distros
supplied on this disc, insert the
Featured software:
disc into your disc drive and
reboot your computer.
Please note:
• You will need to ensure that
your computer is set up to boot
from disc (press F9 on your
computer’s BIOS screen to
change Boot Options).
• Some computers require
you to press a key to enable
booting from disc – check your
manual or the manufacturer’s
website to find out if this is the
GParted case on your PC.
• Live-booting distros are read
Ubuntu 16.04 from the disc: they will not be
GParted is the ultimate partitioning utility for your Linux
installed permanently on your
PC. Whether you want to combine Linux with Windows or
computer unless you choose
The perfect everyday distro for all-round use, the latest mix it up with an everyday Linux install plus a specialist
version of Ubuntu offers unparalleled convergence distro, GParted allows you to partition your hard drive to do so.
across your desktop and mobile devices. This distro live into sections. It also live boots from the disc so that you
boots from the disc. can easily partition your PC at any time. For best results:
This disc has been optimised
for modern browsers capable of
rendering recent updates to the
HTML and CSS standards. So
to get the best experience we
Arch Linux CentOS 7 recommend you use:
Want to explore a command-line interface on your Linux Get all the benefits of Red Hat for free with this • Internet Explorer 8 or higher
PC? Arch Linux offers you exactly that. It’s the perfect community-driven open source ecosystem. Please • Firefox 3 or higher
introduction to command-line computing as it aims to note that due to CentOS’s ISO structure this distro does
• Safari 4 or higher
offer a lightweight and flexible distro that keeps things not live boot from the disc – follow the instructions for
• Chrome 5 or higher
simple. This distro live boots from the disc. installation from the disc interface.
Problems with
BackupPC the disc?
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Send us an email at linuxuser@
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external HDD or SSD before you begin the process of Please note however that if you
partitioning your PC’s hard drive and installing one or are having problems using the
more distros. This highly rated open source backup programs or resources provided,
utility provides everything you need to ensure that your then please contact the relevant
data is secure before you get started. software companies.
6
006-007 Disc Tutorial.indd 6 12/07/2016 16:26
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08 News & opinion | 10 interview | 94 Letters | 96 Filesilo
Distro
Fedora 24 shows off
three new editions
The latest Fedora
release is available for
server, workstation
and the cloud
Despite not receiving the mainstream
attention that Ubuntu gets, Fedora remains
one of the most popular open source
distributions out there for both developers
and end users. So it’s with much fanfare
that Red Hat’s distribution has inally hit its
24th release. Fedora 24 predominantly keeps
up the patterns of its previous releases,
consisting of three base packages that
combine to form three separate editions:
Fedora 24 Server, Fedora 24 Workstation
and Fedora 24 Cloud. Users can choose to
download whichever one caters to their needs
the best.
One of the most pleasing aspects of
Above GNOME 3.20 provides a new look for your stored software
Fedora 24 is that it’s based on the 4.5.7
Linux kernel, with an emphasis on new tools and managing containers. The Cloud edition
for developers to get more from their Linux has also been revamped to improve Docker
containers. Of course, you can expect a wave integration, a problem that many were facing
of enhancements and a couple of critical ixes in previous updates.
to boot. The team has been quick to point out Server roles have consistently played a big
that isn’t the inished article and to expect part in the Server edition of Fedora, so we’re
incremental updates to hit soon. excited to see a deeper implementation of
There’s also a marked improvement for rolekit introduced into Fedora 24 Server. For
transitioning Linux into the cloud. Fedora end users, this should make it considerably 3.20 Delhi. Again, this is another preview, but
24 Cloud now includes OpenShift Origin, an easier to set up server roles. Also included the overall desktop environment has some
on-board cloud distribution, which has been is a new identity management program, noticeable tweaks and still boasts that ease-
heavily optimised for developing applications called FreeIPA 4.3. While for many it won’t be of-use we’ve come to expect. If GNOME isn’t
a household name, it’s a great tool for overall for you, then there’s still a myriad of desktops
domain control, but certainly requires some to enjoy, including Cinnamon 2.6, MATE 1.14,
Fedora 24 Cloud has
advanced knowledge to use. KDE Plasma 5 and Xfce 4.12. On a smaller
OpenShift Origin, an on- Where the bulk of the changes have come scale, eagle-eyed users will also notice some
into place, however, is through Fedora 24 upgrades to Fedora’s Software app. There’s
board cloud distribution,
Workstation. The biggest of the bunch is the now the capability to perform a full system
which has been heavily preview of Wayland, a unique X display server. upgrade from the comfort of your desktop, as
Although it’s very much an early preview, it’s well as leave reviews on available software.
optimised for developing
an exciting addition and one that Fedora plans It’s these little touches that make Fedora 24
applications and to implement as its default graphics server one of the biggest updates yet.
in the future. GNOME users will also want to All three editions of Fedora 24 are now
managing containers
pay close attention to the inclusion of GNOME available to download from getfedora.org.
8
008-009_LUD168.indd 8 13/07/2016 14:51
HARDWARE DISTRO FEED
Top 10
(Average hits per day, 31 May – 30 June)

Linux Mint
1. 2,949
Debian
2. 1,892
Manjaro
3. 1,393
Ubuntu
4. 1,323
openSUSE
5. 1,121
Deepin
6. 1,033
Fedora
7. 1,028
Zorin
8. 1,015
ElementaryOS
9. 1,009
CentOS
10. 980
This month
Sony to compensate
■ Stable releases (18)
users for Linux on ■ In development (10)
While there’s nobody
particularly new in the
top 10 this month, the
PS3 debacle
latest Linux Mint update
has seen it rocket to the
top of the download list.
Sony will pay out millions to those
Highlights
affected by the OtherOS issue
One of the gleaming features of the PS3 when bought a PS3 for the ‘OtherOS’ functionality will Mint
it first launched was the introduction of the be able to claim $9. The current settlement, which The beta release for Linux Mint 18
‘OtherOS’ feature. At the time, it caused quite a stir still needs to be approved by a federal judge in the ‘Sarah’ launched to a lot of fanfare,
in the open source community. This momentous US, is currently only available for those residing in promising widespread changes in its design and
feature would allow users to install Linux on their the United States who bought a fat PS3 between overall usability. For new users, it remains one of
the easiest distributions to get your head around.
machine and access all the extra functionality November 1st 2006 and April 1st 2010, but it’s likely
that it brings with it. Unfortunately the feature that the ruling could go much further than that. Fedora
was relatively short-lived, with a software During the litigation, it was alleged that piracy Expect Fedora to dramatically go up the
update essentially killing off the feature back in was one of the key decisions behind the removal rankings over the coming months with
2009. While the update wasn’t mandatory, it all of the feature. Sony also added that its terms the release of Fedora 24. As usual, there’s three
but disabled several of the PS3’s key features of service, which gamers agree to when initially different editions to test, with each bringing a
unique set of features.
until it was applied, preventing Linux users from setting up their console, allowed it to remove the
connecting to the PlayStation Network or playing OtherOS feature, and that it wasn’t as widely-used
elementaryOS
games online. as the company initially thought it would be.
The stylish elementaryOS also released
A lawsuit was soon raised, stemming from For gamers to claim their $55 and subsequent a big update this month, with its Loki
Sony’s claims for third-party OS capabilities on payout if the case is more widespread, they must beta providing a plethora of big fi xes and the team
their console. Lawyers representing as many as provide proof of their purchase, PlayStation Sign- claiming over 800 issues have been solved.
10 million console owners on one side and Sony on In ID and submit proof of their use of the OtherOS
the other, have now reached a deal which would functionality. Sony has also agreed to use its
see Sony make a mandatory multi-million dollar PlayStation Network database to notify everyone
payout to consumers. The proposed settlement potentially affected, with the steps they need to Latest distros
will see gamers eligible to receive $55 if they ever take to make their claim and seek compensation available:
used Linux on their console, while users who from the console giant.
fi lesilo.co.uk
www.linuxuser.co.uk 9
008-009_LUD168.indd 9 13/07/2016 14:51
OpenSource
Your source of Linux news & views
INTERVIEW REYNOLD XIN
Data processing made easy
Apache Spark is one of the most highly regarded engines for data processing on
the market, but what makes it so good? Reynold Xin explains all
Reynold Xin
Reynold Xin is a member of the
Apache Spark Project Management
Committee and chief architect and
co-founder at Databricks. He set the
2014 world record in 100TB sorting,
beating the previous record held
by Apache Hadoop with 30x higher
per-node effi ciency.
Apache Spark is a fast and general engine However, we are always looking at ways to continuously
for data processing, used primarily by data expand our community, and there are plenty of ways
engineers, data scientists and business that those interested can get involved with the future
analysts. It provides high-level APIs in Scala, Java, development of Apache Spark.
Python, R and SQL. It also supports a rich set of higher- An interesting titbit is that according to
level tools that make it attractive for machine learning, StackOverfl ow’s 2016 survey, Apache Spark has
graph computation, stream data processing, ETL and become the top-paying technical skill in the United
business intelligence. In a way, it’s the Swiss army knife States (developers that know Spark are more likely to
of data processing. make the highest amount of money). That’s a pretty
Spark was originally started by Matei Zaharia at staggering fact if you ask me.
UC Berkeley in 2009, and was donated to the Apache
Software Foundation in June 2013. Spark became an How easy is it for users to implement Apache Spark
Apache Top-level Project (TLP) in February 2014. into their systems?
Apache Spark has seen rapid adoption by enterprises There are primarily two ways to use Spark. The fi rst is
across a wide range of industries. Internet powerhouses to use the engine itself interactively. The second is to
such as Netflix, Yahoo and Tencent have eagerly deployed embed Spark as a library in data applications. They both
Spark at massive scale, collectively processing multiple require very different tools and attributes.
petabytes of data. When you consider that some of the Although Spark has been used in the past mostly
biggest companies in the world have adopted Apache as a big data processing engine, the engine also runs
Spark, it just shows how many people believe in it. It has smoothly on a single machine. Many users use Spark on
quickly become the largest open source community in their laptops, either to unit-test their data applications
big data, with over 1,000 code contributors and with over or to directly analyse small amount of data interactively.
187,000 members in 420 Apache Spark Meetup groups. To do this, users can simply download the tarball from
10
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