Linguistics in context : connecting observation and understanding : lectures from the 1985 LSA/TESOL and NEH institutes PDF
Preview Linguistics in context : connecting observation and understanding : lectures from the 1985 LSA/TESOL and NEH institutes
Linguistics in Context: Connecting Observation and Understanding Lectures from the 1985 LSA/TESOL and NEH Institutes edited by Deborah Tannen Georgetown University Volume XXIX in the Series ADVANCES IN DISCOURSE PROCESSES Roy 0. Freedle, Editor (A) ABLEX PUBLISHING CORPORATION NORWOOD, NEW JERSEY(cid:13)(cid:10) NORWOOD, NEW JERSEY Copyright © 1988 by Ablex Publishing Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without per mission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Linguistics in context: connecting observation and understanding / edited by Deborah Tannen. p. cm.—(Advances in discourse processes; v. 29) Selected lectures and an introduction from the 1985 LSA/TESOL and NEH Institutes, held at Georgetown University, June 24-Aug. 2, 1985. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-89391-454-1. ISBN 0-89391-455-X (pbk.) 1. Linguistic analysis (Linguistics)—Congresses. 2. Language and languages— Study and teaching—Congresses. 3. Poetry—Study and teaching—Congresses. I. Tannen, Deborah. II. LSA/TESOL Institute (1985: Georgetown University) III. Series. P126.L54 1987 410—dcl9 87-19704 CIP Ablex Publishing Corporation 355 Chestnut Street Norwood, New Jersey 07648 To Michael This page intentionally left blank Contents Contributors ix Preface xiii Introduction 1 I. NEH LECTURES: HUMANISTIC APPROACHES TO LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS 15 1. Language in Particular: A Lecture 17 A. L. Becker 2. Inarticulateness 37 R. P. McDermott 3. The Autobiographical Impulse 69 Harold Rosen 4. Hearing Voices in Conversation, Fiction, and Mixed Genres 89 Deborah Tannen II. THE NATURE AND USE OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC THEORY 115 5. Emergen t Grammar and the A Priori Grammar Postulate 117 Paul Hopper 6. Discourse as an Interactional Achievement II: An Exercise in Conversation Analysis 135 Emanuel A. Schegloff 7. The Judicial Testing of Linguistic Theory 159 William Labov v vi CONTENTS III. POETRY: LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS AND LANGUAGE TEACHING 183 8. Poetry and Pedagogy 185 H. G. Widdomon 9. The Unheralded Revolution in the Sonnet: Toward a Generative Model 199 Paul Friedrich 10. Bridging Language Learning, Language Analysis, and Poetry, via Experimental Syntax 221 Kenneth L. Pike IV. LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING 247 11. From Context to Communication: Paths to Second Language Acquisition 249 Muriel Saville-Troike 12. Do We Learn to Read by Reading?: The Relationship Between Free Reading and Reading Ability 269 Stephen D. Krashen 13. Language Learning and Language Teaching: Towards an Integrated Model 299 Peter Strevens Author Index 313 Subject Index 318 Preface to the Series Roy O. Freedle Series Editor This series of volumes provides a forum for the cross-fertilization of ideas from a diverse number of disciplines, all of which share a common interest in discourse—be it prose comprehension and recall, dialogue analysis, text grammar construction, computer simulation of natural language, cross-cultural comparisons of communicative competence, or other related topics. The prob lems posed by multisentence contexts and the methods required to investigate them, while not always unique to discourse, are still sufficiently distinct as to benefit from the organized mode of scientific interaction made possible by this series. Scholars working in the discourse area from the perspective of sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, ethnomethodology and the sociology of language, educational psychology (e.g., teacher-student interaction), the philosophy of language, com putational linguistics, and related subareas are invited to submit manuscripts of monograph or book length to the series editor. Edited collections of original papers resulting from conferences will also be considered. Volumes in the Series Vol. I. Discourse Production and Comprehension. Roy O. Freedle (Ed.), 1977. Vol. II. New Directions in Discourse Processing. Roy O. Freedle (Ed.), 1979. Vol. III. The Pear Stories: Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Aspects of Nar rative Production. Wallace L. Chafe (Ed.), 1980. Vol. IV. Text, Discourse, and Process: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science of Texts. Robert de Beaugrande, 1980. Vol. V. Ethnography and Language in Educational Settings. Judith Green & Cynthia Wallat (Eds.), 1981. Vol. VI. Latino Language and Communicative Behavior. Richard P. Duran (Ed.), 1981. Vol. VII. Narrative, Literacy and Face in Interethnic Communication. Ron Scol- lon & Suzanne Scollon, 1981. Vol. VIII. Linguistics and the Professions. Robert J. DiPietro (Ed.), 1982. vii Vlii PREFACE TO THE SERIES Vol. IX. Spoken and Written Language: Exploring Orality and Literacy. Deborah Tannen (Ed.), 1982. Vol. X. Developmental Issues in Discourse. Jonathan Fine & Roy O. Freedle (Eds.), 1983. Vol. XI. Text Production: Toward a Science of Composition. Robert de Beau- grande, 1984. Vol. XII. Coherence in Spoken and Written Discourse. Deborah Tannen (Ed.), 1984. Vol. XIII. The Development of Oral and Written Language in Social Contexts. Anthony D. Pellegrini & Thomas D. Yawkey (Eds.), 1984. Vol. XIV. What People Say They Do With Words. Jef Verschueren, 1985. Vol. XV. Systemic Perspectives on Discourse, Volume 1: Selected Theoretical Papers from the 9th International Systemic Workshop. James D. Benson & William S. Greaves (Eds.), 1985. Vol. XVI. Systemic Perspectives on Discourse, Volume 2: Selected Applied Papers from the 9th International Systemic Workshop. James D. Benson & William S. Greaves (Eds.), 1985. Vol. XVII. Structures and Procedures of Implicit Knowledge. Arthur C. Graesser & Leslie F. Clark, 1985. Vol. XVIII. Contexts of Reading. Carolyn N. Hedley & Anthony N. Baratta (Eds.), 1985. Vol. XIX. Discourse and Institutional Authority: Medicine, Education, and Law. Sue Fisher & Alexandra Dundas Todd (Eds.), 1986. Vol. XX. Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology. Wallace Chafe & Johanna Nichols (Eds.), 1986. Vol. XXI. The Acquisition of Literacy: Ethnographic perspectives. Bambi B. Schief- felin & Perry Gilmore (Eds.), 1986. Vol. XXII. Cognitive and Linguistic Analyses of Test Performance. Roy O. Freedle & Richard P. Duran (Eds.), 1987. Vol. XXIII. Linguistic Action: Some Empirical-Conceptual Studies. Jef Verschueren (Ed.), 1987. Vol. XXIV. Text and Epistemology. William Frawley, 1987. Vol. XXV. Second Language Discourse: A Textbook of Current Research. Jonathan Fine (Ed.), 1988. Vol. XXVI. Systemic Functional Approaches to Discourse. James D. Benson & William S. Greaves (Eds.), 1988. Vol. XXVII. Language Development: Learning Language, Learning Culture. Ruqaiya Hasan & James Martin (Eds.), 1987. Vol. XXVIII. Multiple Perspective Analyses of Classroom Discourse. Judith L. Green & Judith O. Harker (Eds.), 1988. Vol. XXIX. L inguistics in Context: Connecting Observation and Understanding. Deborah Tannen (Ed.), 1988. Vol. XXX. Gender and Discourse: The Power of Talk. Alexandra D. Todd & Sue Fisher (Eds.), 1988. Contributors A. L. BECKER is Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and Anthropology at the University of Michigan, currently affiliated with the Malay National University. He received his B.A. and M.A. in English literature and his Ph.D. in linguistics at the University of Michigan. He has had field experience in Burma and Indonesia and has written extensively on Southeast Asian languages and arts. At present he is concentrating on the theory, history, and practice of translation. He can be reached through the Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan. PAUL FRIEDRICH is Professor of Anthropology and Linguistics at the University of Chicago. He grew up in Massachusetts and Vermont, was trained at Harvard and Yale (his MA is in Slavic languages and literature), and has done over five years of anthropological and linguistic fieldwork among Russian dissidents, the Nayars of the Malabar Coast, and the Tarascan Indians of southwestern Mexico. He has taught and published widely in ethnographic semantics, historical linguistics, po litical anthropology, mythology, language and culture, and poetry and poetics. His many books include Language, Context, and the Imagi- nation; The Princes of Naranja; The Meaning of Aphrodite; and The Language Parallax. He has been teaching at the University of Chicago since 1962, and has been a Guggenheim Fellow. PAUL HOPPER is Professor of Linguistics and Anthropology at the State University of New York at Binghamton. He has studied in Europe, the USA, and Southeast Asia (he received his Ph.D. in linguistics at the University of Texas, Austin), and has held fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the Fulbright Program, and the American Council of Learned Societies. He has taught at several Linguistic In stitutes; he was Collitz Professor of Comparative Philology at the 1983 Institute at UCLA. He has taught at several universities in the US, including Washington University and the University of Hawaii. He is the author and editor of books and articles on Indo-European, Ger manic, and Austronesian linguistics, and on linguistic typology and pragmatics. ix
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