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Limnology and Aquatic Birds Developments in Hydrobiology 189 Series editor K. Martens Limnology and Aquatic Birds Proceedings of the Fourth Conference Working Group on Aquatic Birds of Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL), Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, August 3–7, 2003 Edited by 1 2 Alan R. Hanson & Joseph J. Kerekes 1CanadianWildlifeService,EnvironmentCanada,P.O.Box6227,Sackville, NewBrunswick,E4L1G6,Canada 2CanadianWildlifeService,EnvironmentCanada,45AlderneyDrive,7thFloor-QueenSquare, Dartmouth,NovaScotia,B2Y4N6,Canada Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, Volume 567 (2006) 123 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AC.I.P.CataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. ISBN1-4020-5167-0 PublishedbySpringer, P.O.Box17,3300AADordrecht,TheNetherlands CitethispublicationasHydrobiologiavol.567(2006). Coverillustration:Logooftheconference Printedonacid-freepaper AllRightsreserved (cid:1)2006Springer Nopartofthismaterialprotectedbythiscopyrightnoticemaybereproducedorutilizedinanyform orbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingorbyanyinformation storageandretrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightowner. PrintedintheNetherlands TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ix–x In Memoriam: Stuart Frederick Mitchell BSc (Hons), PhD 1–2 PART I. AQUATIC BIRDS – FORAGING, COMMUNITY ECOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY A comparison between aquatic birds of lakes and coastal rivers in Florida M.V. Hoyer, S.K. Notestein, T.K. Frazer, D.E. Canfield Jr. 5–18 Foraging guilds of aquatic birds on productive boreal lakes: environmental relations and concordance patterns C.A. Paszkowski, W.M. Tonn 19–30 Water bird guilds and their feeding connections in the Bodrogzug, Hungary S. Andrikovics, L. Forro´, G. Gere, G. Lakatos, L. Sasva´ri 31–42 Effects of small-bodied fish on invertebrate prey and foraging patterns of waterbirds in Aspen Parkland wetlands C.E. McParland, C.A. Paszkowski 43–55 A comparison of three methods to investigate the diet of breeding double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the Beaver Archipelago, northern Lake Michigan N.E. Seefelt, J.C. Gillingham 57–67 Patternofnatural15Nabundanceinlakesideforestecosystemaffectedbycormorant- derived nitrogen K. Kameda, K. Koba, S. Hobara, T. Osono, M. Terai 69–86 PART II. WATERFOWL – HABITAT USE, FORAGING BEHAVIOUR AND LIMNOLOGY Temporal processes and duck populations: examples from My´vatn A. Gardarsson 89–100 Effects of water quality on habitat use by lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) broods in the boreal Northwest Territories, Canada K.A. Walsh, D.R. Halliwell, J.E. Hines, M.A. Fournier, A. Czarnecki, M.F. Dahl 101–111 Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas T.C. Michot, M.C. Woodin, S.E. Adair, E.B. Moser 113–128 Foraging behavior of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in Texas and Louisiana M.C. Woodin, T.C. Michot 129–141 vvii Macroinvertebrateabundance,waterchemistry,andwetlandcharacteristicsaffectuse of wetlands by avian species in Maine J.R. Longcore, D.G. McAuley, G.W. Pendelton, C.R. Bennatti, T.M. Mingo, K.L. Stromborg 143–167 Breeding waterbird wetland habitat availability and response to water-level manage- ment in Saint John River floodplain wetlands, New Brunswick K.J. Connor, S. Gabor 169–181 Populations of ducks and trout of the River Laxa´, Iceland, in relation to variation in food resources A´. Einarsson, A. Gardarsson, G.M. G´ıslason, G. Gudbergsson 183–194 Influence of migrant tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on aquatic vegetation at Long Point, Lake Erie, Ontario S.S. Badzinski, C.D. Ankney, S.A. Petrie 195–211 PART III. LOONS – POPULATION TRENDS, BEHAVIOUR, HABITAT USE AND ECOTOXICOLOGY Factors influencing productivity of common loons (Gavia immer) breeding on circumneutral lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada S.S. Badzinski, S.T.A. Timmermans 215–226 A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern Alaska S.L. Earnst, R. Platte, L. Bond 227–236 Testing hypotheses of social gatherings of common loons (Gavia immer) J.D. Paruk 237–245 Feedingbehaviorandmodeledenergeticintakeofcommonloon(Gaviaimmer)adults and chicks on small lakes with and without fish B.A. Gingras, C.A. Paszkowski 247–261 Assessment of mercury exposure and potential effects on common loons (Gavia immer) in Que´bec L. Champoux, D.C. Masse, D. Evers, O.P. Lane, M. Plante, S.T.A. Timmermans 263–274 Bioaccumulation of mercury in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and common loons (Gavia immer) in relation to lake chemistry in Atlantic Canada N.M. Burgess, K.A. Hobson 275–282 PART IV. SHOREBIRDS – HABITAT USE, LIMNOLOGY AND TROPHIC DYNAMICS Shorebirds, snails, and the amphipod (Corophium volutator) in the upper Bay of Fundy: top–down vs. bottom–up factors, and the influence of compensatory interactions on mudflat ecology D.J. Hamilton, A.W. Diamond, P.G. Wells 285–306 Trophic structure and avian communities across a salinity gradient in evaporation ponds of the San Francisco Bay estuary J.Y. Takekawa, A.K. Miles, D.H. Schoellhamer, N.D. Athearn, M.K. Saiki, W.D. Duffy, S. Kleinschmidt, G.G. Shellenbarger, C.A. Jannusch 307–327 vii Spatial and temporal fluctuations in presence and use of chironomid prey by shorebirds in the Odiel saltpans, south-west Spain M.I. Sa´nchez, A.J. Green, E.M. Castellanos 329–340 Anostracans and microcrustaceans as potential food sources of waterbirds on sodic pans of the Hungarian plain E. Boros, S. Ba´nfi, L. Forro´ 341–349 Hydrobiologia(2006)567:ix–x (cid:1)Springer2006 A.R.Hanson&J.J.Kerekes(eds),LimnologyandAquaticBirds DOI10.1007/s10750-006-0211-3 Preface DuringtheInternationalLimnologicalCongressin Group on aquatic birds has resulted in a new Munich,Germanyin1989,itbecameapparenttoa emphasis on the links between aquatic birds and smallgroupofparticipantsthatthetimehadcome their environment, as evidenced by limnology for waterbirds to be treated in a limnological con- textbooks in the last few years which include sec- text. This led to an ad hoc Symposium, ‘‘Aquatic tions on waterbirds, and use references from the Birds in the Trophic Web of Lakes’’, held in SIL Aquatic Birds Working Group Conferences. Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, in August Papers presented in this volume further our 1991. The proceedings of this symposium were understandingoftheimportantrolethatlimnology published in Hydrobiologia (1994) (Kerekes & has in determining habitat suitability for water- Pollard, 1994) and Developments in Hydrobiology birds.Thepotentialforwaterbirdstoimpactwater (1994)(Kerekes&Pollard,1994).Theoutstanding quality or fish stocks has received much study in success of this symposium led to the formation of the past. Continued population declines of many the Working Group on Aquatic Birds of Societas species of aquatic birds indicate the need for InternationalisLimnologiae(SIL)duringtheXXV additional understanding of how human activities SIL Congress in Barcelona, Spain, in 1992. The negatively impact water quality and bird popula- first conference of the SIL Working Group on tions and what mitigative actionscan be taken. Aquatic Birds was held in Sopron, Hungary in Wewouldliketothankthefollowingreviewers: November1994.Theseproceedingswerepublished Rob Alvo, Bart Ballard, Myrtle Bateman, Darold by Wetlands International (Farago´ & Kerekes, Batzer,Pe´terBı´ro´,ReedBowman,SeanBoyd,Rod 1997). The second conference was convened in Brook, Rob Butler, Jesu´s Casas Jime´nez, Tom Me´rida, Yucatan, Mexico in November 1997 Clair, Francesca Cuthbert, Gerald Dick, Garry (Comı´netal.,2000)andthethirdconferencetook Donaldson, Susan Earnst, Tony Erskine, Michael place in Trebon, Czech Republic in May 2000 Erwin,DaveEvers,Sa´ndorFarago´,JimFarquhar, (Musil & Albrecht, 2000). These conferences are ErnoFleit,FrancoisFournier,BrianFry,Arnthor held at least once every 3 years between SIL Con- Gardarrson,MikeGendron,GrantGilchrist,Scott gresses. These Proceedings are the record of the Gilliland,GeorgeHaas,DianaHamilton,AlHan- fourth such conference ‘‘Limnology and Water son,PeteHicklin,JoelIngram,BojidarIvanov,Neil Birds 2003’’ held in Sackville, New Brunswick, Kamman,JoeKerekes,KarenKidd,DougLeeper, Canada, August 3–7, 2003. Jerry Longcore, Eugenia Lo´pez, Jim Lovvorn, The Working Group on Aquatic Birds also Bruce MacDonald, Jay Mager, Andrew Major, heldworkshopsandpapersessionsduringtheSIL MarkMallory, KeithMcAloney,DeanMcCurdy, congresses in Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil (1995), Dublin, Judith McIntyre, Nick McLellan, Don McNicol, Ireland (1998), Melbourne, Australia (2001) and CarolineMcParland,MikeMeyer,PetrMusil,Leif Lahti, Finland (2004). Nilsson,JoeNocera,EricaNol,KenNorris,Janos The main objective of the Working Group on Ola´h, Julie Paquette, Gerry Parker, Jim Paruk, Aquatic Birds is to integrate waterbirds into Rosemarie Parz-Gollner, Cynthia Paszkowski, hydrobiology and treat waterbird studies in a CindyPekarik,MatthewPerry,ScottPetrie,David limnological context. Long-term population mon- Rave, Greg Robertson, James Robinson, Ken itoring of waterbirds is an important tool in our Ross, J-P Savard, Anton Scheuhammer, Jim quest to understand the role waterbirds play in Schiek, Pippa Shepherd, Dave Shutler, Nils their environment. To achieve this goal, the Warnock, Chip Weseloh, Khristi Wilkins, Dale WorkingGrouporganizesconferencestofacilitate Wrubleski,andKyleZimmer. communications among limnologists interested in We would like to acknowledge the logistical aquatic birds and ornithologists interested in the and financial support of Environment Canada for aquatic habitat. The efforts of the SIL Working the Conference and Proceedings. x The logo on the front cover was designed by Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada. Aug. 19–22, 1991. JohnChardinewhoalsohelpedwitharrangements (Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 96, 524 p.) Hydro- biologia, vol. 279/280. fortheConference.Lastlytheeditorswouldliketo Farago´, S. & J. Kerekes (eds), 1997. Workshop Proceedings. thank Julie Paquette for her outstandingeffortsin Limnology and Waterfowl: Monitoring, modelling and thepreparationsfortheSILConferenceandofthe management. Working Group on Aquatic Birds, Societas resultant proceedings. Internationalis Limnologiae and International Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau. Sarro´d/Sopron, Hungary, 21–23November,1994.WetlandsInternationalPublication Alan Hanson and Joseph Kerekes 43andHungarianWaterfowlPublication3.362pp. Co-Chairs of the 4th Conference Working Group Comı´n,F.,J.A.Herrera-Silvera&J.Ramirez-Ramirez(eds), on Aquatic Birds SIL 2000. Proceedings. Limnology and Aquatic Birds. Moni- Co-Guest Editors of Developments in Hydrobio- toring, Modelling and Management. Working Group, So- logia ‘Limnology and Aquatic Birds 2003’ cietas Internationalis Limnologiae. Me´rida, Me´xico, November24–27,1997.UniversidadAutonomadeYucatan. Merida,Mexico.305pp. References Musil, P. J. & T. Albrecht, 2000. Abstracts of the Third Conference of Aquatic Birds Working Group of Soci- Kerekes, J. J. & B. Pollard (eds), 1994. Symposium etas Internationalis. Sylvia Supplement 36, Limnologiae Proceedings. Aquatic Birds in the Trophic Web of Lakes. 68pp.

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The importance of habitat conservation for the protection of birds has become widely acknowledged and accepted by natural resource managers and the general public. Papers presented in this volume further our understanding of the important role that limnology has in determining habitat suitability fo
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