Lighting and controls : transitioning to the future

252 Pages·2014·24.914 MB·English

by  Walerczyk, Stan

Lighting & Controls:
Transitioning to the Future

Lighting & Controls:
Transitioning to the Future
Stan Walerczyk, CLEP, HCLP, LC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Walerczyk, Stan
Lighting and controls : transitioning to the future / Stan Walerczyk, CLEP,
HCLP, LC.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-10: 0-88173-699-6 (alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-1-4822-3683-5 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-88173-700-3 (electronic)
1. Lighting. I. Title.
TH7703.W29 2014
621.32--dc23
2013041659

Lighting & Controls: Transitioning to the Future / by Stan Walerczyk
©2014 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publica-
tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc.
700 Indian Trail
Lilburn, GA 30047
tel: [phone]; fax: [phone]
http://www.fairmontpress.com
Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd.
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Distributed by Taylor & Francis Ltd.
23-25 Blades Court
Deodar Road
London SW15 2NU, UK
E-mail: [email protected]
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN-10: 0-88173-699-6 (The Fairmont Press, Inc.)
ISBN-13: 978-1-4822-3683-5 (Taylor & Francis Ltd.)
While every effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher,
authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions.
The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher.
Foreword
This lighting book should be a very useful hands-on tool
for anyone involved with engineering, maintenance, purchasing,
specification, retrofits, remodels, and new construction for interior
or exterior applications. It shows very practical ways to maintain
and update existing lighting systems and how to plan for the
future. Key points include:
• LED is already cost effective in many applications and will
become more prominent.
• Maintenance costs can be significantly reduced with fewer
and longer life lamps and fewer lamp types.
• Very low power density can be achieved cost effectively while
still providing very good lighting, such as with .4 watts per
square foot in open offices, using ambient and task lights.
• The disadvantages of LED T8s, induction, dimming fluores-
cent ballasts, and reduced wattage T8s are given.
It is a challenge to balance past, existing, and future lighting.
Some people want to buy LED products right away because of
the WOW factor, even though incumbent technologies may be
better. Others want to wait a year or two before doing a lighting
retrofit, when LED products will likely have gotten better and less
expensive. However, sometimes the lost savings by waiting are
never recouped. This book will help people make good decisions.
Probably the most important part of the book is human
centric lighting, also called human factors in lighting, biophilia,
and other names. Human centric lighting (which includes the new
and upcoming dimming and warm to cool white, color-changing
LED products) may improve alertness, sleep, mood, visual acuity,
energy savings, sustainability, and performance. Human centric
lighting will probably be the next big step in lighting, perhaps as
significant as Edison’s creating the light bulb.
v

Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Ready, Set, Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2
Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Chapter 3
Lighting 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Basic Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Chapter 4
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Lamps to be Eliminated or Avoided . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Workhorse Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Lamp Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Relamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Long Life Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Reballasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
LED Is Different . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chapter 5
Dimming Fluorescent Ballasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 6
Spectrally Enhanced Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Energy Saving Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Even the Best Change Since Sliced Bread . . . . . . . . . . 25
Chapter 7
Delamp Vs. Lamp-For-Lamp Retrofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
vii
Common Reflector Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Reasons For Lamp-for-Lamp Retrofits . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Lamp Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Workhorse Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Spectrally Enhanced Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Why Better Rebates for 28W and 25W F32T8s? . . . . . . . 35
No Man’s Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Delamping & Lamp-for-Lamp Comparisons . . . . . . . . 36
Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Chapter 8
Induction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Chapter 9
Electronically Ballasted CMH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
CMH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Comparison Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter 10
Important Stuff To Know About LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
DoE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Lumens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Kelvin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Lumens Per Watt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Color Rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
R9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Optical Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Glare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
L70—Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
LM79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Flicker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Chapter 11
Store Cooler Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
viii
Chapter 12
Decorative Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Christmas/Decorative Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Chandeliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Chapter 13
Omnidirectional Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Incandescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
CFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 14
Accent Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
MR16 Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
PAR and R Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Comparison Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Chapter 15
Recessed Cans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Existing 120V Screw-In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Existing 120V Pin Based CFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Existing 277V Pin Based CFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
LED Kits Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
New Recessed Cans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Comparison Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Chapter 16
LED T8s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4 Types of LED T8s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Chapter 17
LED Lightbar Kits, Troffer Kits and Troffers . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
ix
Fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Spectrally Enhanced Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Human Centric Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Financials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Soft Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
LED & Fluorescent Retrofit Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . 96
Task Ambient Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
EPAct Tax Deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Waiting To Retrofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Designlights Consortium (Dlc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Chapter 18
Task Ambient Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
General Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Tunable LED Task Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
The Next Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Other Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Wrap-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Chapter 19
Hibays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Before Really Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Six Requirements for LED Hibays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Table Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Award Winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Chapter 20
Garage Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
New LED Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Motion Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
x