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Ligeti’s Laments: nostaLgia, exoticism, and the absoLute In memory of Barbara R. Bauer Ligeti’s Laments: nostalgia, exoticism, and the absolute amy bauer University of California, Irvine, USA First published 2011 by Ashgate Publishing Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright bach musicological font by © yo tomita© amy bauer 2011 amy bauer has asserted her right under the copyright, designs and Patents act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data bauer, amy marie. Ligeti’s laments : nostalgia, exoticism, and the absolute. 1.Ligeti, györgy, 1923-2006 – criticism and interpretation. 2. Ligeti, györgy, 1923–2006 – appreciation. 3. Laments – history and criticism. i. title 780.9'2-dc22 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data bauer, amy marie. Ligeti’s laments : nostalgia, exoticism, and the absolute / amy bauer. p.cm. includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-1-4094-0041-7 (hardcover) 1. Ligeti, györgy, 1923-2006 – criticism and interpretation. i. title. mL410.L645b38 2011 780.92–dc22 2011008618 ISBN 13 : 978-1-4094-0041-7 (hbk) contents List of Examples vii List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Preface and Acknowledgments xv List of Abbreviations xvii 1 the cosmopolitan exception 1 2 Ligeti’s ur-Laments 23 3 Lament and the universal exception 57 4 the transparent tangle of history 91 5 the singular exotic 141 6 Lament and the absolute 159 7 Lament as genre 175 Select Bibliography 205 Index 223 List of examples 2.1 Magány, mm. 1–19. Ligeti magÁny – soLitude © 1988 by schott music, mainz – germany. For all countries except former ussr, Poland, former ddr, czechoslovakia, hungary, rumania and bulgaria. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 25 2.2 Magány, m. 49–close. Ligeti magÁny – soLitude © 1988 by schott music, mainz – germany. For all countries except former ussr, Poland, former ddr, czechoslovakia, hungary, rumania and bulgaria. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 26 2.3 “a bujdosó,” mm. 1–2, 11, 30–4. Ligeti Öt arany-daL © 2004 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 28 2.4 Pápainé, mm. 5–10, 21–3, 33–6. Ligeti PÁPainÉ – WidoW PÁPai © 1988 by schott music, mainz – germany. For all countries except former ussr, Poland, former ddr, czechoslovakia, hungary, rumania and bulgaria. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 30 2.5 Aventures, mm. 1–6. copyright © 1961 by henri Litolff’s Verlag. used by permission of c.F. Peters corporation. all rights reserved. 47 2.6 Aventures, mm. 114–15. copyright © 1961 by henri Litolff’s Verlag. used by permission of c.F. Peters corporation. all rights reserved. 51 3.1 Musica ricercata, no. 5, metric analysis, mm. 18–28. 67 3.2 Requiem, “Lacrimosa,” pitch reduction. 69 3.3 cello concerto, i, mm. 36–43. copyright © 1967 by henri Litolff’s Verlag. used by permission of c.F. Peters corporation. all rights reserved. 72 3.4 Ramifications, analysis of mm. 76–9. Ligeti ramiFications © 1970 by schott music, mainz – germany © renewed. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music viii Ligeti’s Laments: Nostalgia, Exoticism, and the Absolute distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 74 3.5a Frescobaldi, “recercar cromatico,” mm. 1–7. 77 3.5b Ligeti, Ricercare per organo, mm. 1–9. Ligeti ricercare © 1990 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 77 3.6 “monument,” pitch entry chart and rhythmic form. 82 4.1 Lontano, analysis of canon i. 95 4.2 mozart, Don Giovanni, finale, Commendatore’s rising line 115 4.3 Le Grand Macabre, rehearsal number 59, and lament analysis. Ligeti Le grand macabre © 1996 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 116 4.4 Verdi, Falstaff, act ii, Falstaff’s clock scene. 117 4.5 Le Grand Macabre, nekrotzar’s midnight aria, rehearsal number 62. Ligeti Le grand macabre © 1996 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 118 4.6 Le Grand Macabre, twelve-tone theme, rehearsal number 122. Ligeti Le grand macabre © 1996 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 122 4.7 Le Grand Macabre, mescalina’s lament, rehearsal numbers 153–6. Ligeti Le grand macabre © 1996 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 124 4.8 Le Grand Macabre, intermezzo, rehearsal number 603. Ligeti Le grand macabre © 1996 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 132 4.9a beethoven, Eroica Symphony, finale, mm. 12–27. 135 4.9b Le Grand Macabre, finale, rehearsal numbers 674–5. Ligeti LE grand macabre © 1996 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 135 List of Examples ix 5.1 “galamb borong,” mm. 1–12 annotated. Ligeti Études © 1998 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 146 5.2 Piano concerto, i, rhythmic sets in mm. 1–16. 151 6.1 horn trio, i, pitch reduction, mm. 1–22. 164 6.2 horn trio, ii, analysis, mm. 1–3. Ligeti trio © 2001 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 167 7.1 Piano concerto, ii, subject entries, mm. 4–28. Ligeti concerto © 2005 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 180 7.2 Piano concerto, ii, talea cycles, mm. 4–28. 182 7.3 Piano concerto, V, piano solo, mm. 63–71. Ligeti concerto © 2005 by schott music, mainz – germany. all rights reserved. used by permission of european american music distributors LLc, sole u.s. and canadian agent for schott music, mainz – germany. 186 7.4 Violin concerto, iii, passacaglia cycles i–xV. 188 7.5 berg, Violin concerto, adagio, mm. 200–11. alban berg, Violinkonzert “dem andenken eines engels” für Violine und orchester © copyright 1936, 1996 by universal edition a.g. Wien/ue 34119. 193 7.6 Viola sonata, V, “Lamento,” reduction, mm. 1–40. 200