Lifespan Development of Human Memory

308 Pages·2002·2.41 MB·English

by  Peter Graf

Lifespan Development of Human Memory
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Lifespan Development of Human Memory
edited by Peter Graf and Nobuo Ohta
A Bradford Book
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London,England
(2002MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyany
electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, and infor-
mationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
This book was set in Sabon on 3B2 by Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong, and was
printedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
Firstprinting,2002
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Lifespandevelopmentofhumanmemory/editedbyPeterGraf,NobuoOhta.
p. cm.
‘‘ABradfordbook.’’
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-262-07236-X(alk.paper)
1.Memory. 2.Memoryinchildren. 3.Memoryinoldage. 4.Alzheimer’s
disease. 5.Developmentneurobiology. I.Graf,Peter. II.Ohta,Nobuo.
QP406.L53 2002
612.802—dc21 2002016661
Contents
Preface vii
I Introduction 1
1 The Need for a Lifespan Developmental Approach within Memory
Research Is MoreUrgent than Ever 3
Nobuo Ohta
II The Development of Working Memory 13
2 Developmental Changes inWorking Memory: AMulticomponent
View 15
GrahamJ. Hitch
3 Childhood Development of Working Memory:An Examination of
Two Basic Parameters 39
Nelson Cowan
4 Working Memory and Attentional Processesacross the
Lifespan 59
Anik De Ribaupierre
III The Development of Episodic and AutobiographicalMemory in
Children 81
5 Children’sLong-TermMemory of Childhood Events 83
Robyn Fivush
6 Children’sEyewitness Memory:Changing ReportsandChanging
Representations 101
David F. Bjorklund, Rhonda D. Brown, and Barbara R. Bjorklund
vi Contents
7 The Role of Knowledge in Children’sMemory 127
Hidetsugu Tajika
IV The Normaland Abnormal Developmentof Episodic and
Autobiographical Memoryin Adulthood 137
8 Age-Related Effects on Memoryin the Contextof Age-Related
Effects on Cognition 139
TimothyA. Salthouse
9 Autobiographical Memoryacross the Lifespan 159
David C. Rubin
10 Memory Development inAdulthood andOld Age: The Betula
Prospective-Cohort Study 185
Lars-Go¨ran Nilsson, Rolf Adolfsson, Lars Ba¨ckman, Marc Cruts,
Ha˚kan Edvardsson, LarsNyberg, and Christine VanBroeckhoven
11 The Natureand Course of the MemoryImpairment inAlzheimer’s
Disease 205
LarsBa¨ckman, BrentJ. Small, andLaura Fratiglioni
V The Adulthood Development of Prospective Memory 233
12 Prospective Memory across the Lifespan 235
Elizabeth A. Maylor,Richard J.Darby,Robert H. Logie, Sergio
DellaSala, andGeoff Smith
13 Prospective and Retrospective Memory inAdulthood 257
Peter Graf, BobUttl, and Roger Dixon
Contributors 283
Name Index 287
Subject Index 297
Preface
This collection of chapters surveys much of the exciting contemporary
work on human memory and its development over the lifespan. The
scope of the book is broad. It covers the childhood and adulthood de-
velopment of memory and touches on the breakdown of memory func-
tions in Alzheimer’s disease; it includes chapters on working memory,
on episodic and autobiographical memory, as well as on prospective
memory. By itself, each of these topic areas defines a large, active, and
growing field of research. Each has stimulated a host of investigations
and resulted in a myriad specialized conferences and books. This book
is intended as a counterweight to this proliferation of specialization.
It brings together chapters from experts with different research foci,
traditions, and methodologies. We hope that this will stimulate a
broader perspective and produce a cross-fertilization that results in new
investigations.
Thisbookisintended forreaders whowant abriefintroduction,from
a cognitive-psychology perspective, to contemporary research on mem-
oryanditsdevelopmentacrossthelifespan.Foradvancedundergraduate
students and graduate students, this book is a convenient gateway to
the major theoretical issues that guide contemporary investigations. The
book highlights core findings that support prevailing theoretical posi-
tions, as well as findings that challenge them. Finally, the book provides
a short and accessible summary of the diverse methods and instruments
used to investigate different aspects of memory at different stages of its
development over the lifespan. We anticipate that this last contribution
ofthebookwillyieldthegreatestlong-termbenefitsandhopethatitwill
viii Preface
motivate and inspire researchers either to develop new methodologies or
to adapt current methodologies so that they are suitable for use across
theentirelifespan.Thisdevelopmentwouldfacilitatethegrowthofdata-
basesthatpermitmoredirectcomparisonsofmemoryabilitiesacrossthe
entire lifespan.
I
Introduction