Lifespan development

622 Pages·2015·19.7 MB·English

by  Helen L.

GLobAL
eDITIon
L ifespan Development
S evenTh eDITIon
D enise Boyd • Helen Bee
Lifespan Development
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Lifespan Development
Seventh Edition
Global Edition
Denise Boyd
Houston Community College System
Helen Bee
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© Pearson Education Limited 2015
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in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Lifespan Development, 7th edition, ISBN 978-0-13-380566-6, by
Denise Boyd and Helen Bee, published by Pearson Education © 2015.
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ISBN 10: 1-292-06562-1
ISBN 13: 978-1-292-06562-5 (Print)
ISBN 13: 978-1-292-06565-6 (PDF)
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
14 13 12 11 10
Typeset in 10/12.5 pts Minion by Cenveo® Publisher Services
Printed and bound by Courier Kendallville in The United States of America.
This book is dedicated to my husband, Jerry Boyd,
in appreciation for the help and support he provided to me
while I was preparing the seventh edition of
Lifespan Development.
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Brief Contents
Part I Foundations 23
Chapter 1 Human Development and Research Methodology 23
Chapter 2 Theories of Development 45
Chapter 3 Development from Conception to Birth 70
Part II Infancy 104
Chapter 4 Infancy–The Process of Skills Development 104
Chapter 5 Infancy–Learning and Cognitive Changes 127
Chapter 6 Infancy–Social and Personality Development 149
Part III Early Childhood 173
Chapter 7 Early Childhood–Physical and Cognitive Changes 173
Chapter 8 Early Childhood–Social and Personality Development 201
Part Iv Middle Childhood 233
Chapter 9 Middle Childhood–Physical and Cognitive Changes 233
Chapter 10 Middle Childhood–Social and Personality Development 262
Part v Adolescence 287
Chapter 11 Adolescence–Physical and Cognitive Changes 287
Chapter 12 Adolescence–Social and Personality Development 317
Part vI Early Adulthood 343
Chapter 13 Early Adulthood–Physical and Cognitive Changes 343
Chapter 14 Early Adulthood–Social and Personality Development 371
Part vII Middle Adulthood 397
Chapter 15 Middle Adulthood–Physical and Cognitive Changes 397
Chapter 16 Middle Adulthood–Social and Personality Development 421
Part vIII Late Adulthood and the End of Life 439
Chapter 17 Late Adulthood–Physical and Cognitive Changes 439
Chapter 18 Late Adulthood–Social and Personality Development 464
Chapter 19 Coping with Death and Bereavement 488
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List of Features
No Easy Answers
10 Bullies and Victims  277
1 It Depends . . .34
11 Reaching High School Dropouts  312
2 The Repressed-Memory Controversy  47
12 Interventions for Aggressive Teens  333
3 When Do Preterm Infants Catch Up
with Full-Term Infants?  99 13 Assisted Reproductive Technology  349
4 TV for Tots: How Much Is Too Much?  106 14 Wedding Stress Management  377
5 One Language or Two?  143 15 The Pros and Cons of Hormone Therapy  401
6 Adoption and Development  151 16 Who Cares for Aging Parents?  427
7 To Test or Not to Test?  197 17 The Coming Demographic Crisis  441
8 When Divorce Is Unavoidable  223 18 Deciding on Nursing Home Care  475
9 IQ Testing in the Schools  248 19 Saying Goodbye  496
Research Report
10 Only Children, Birth Order, and Children’s
1 An Example of a Cohort Effect: Children
Development  272
and Adolescents in the Great Depression  31
11 Formal Operational Thinking and Everyday
2 Piaget’s Clever Research  60
Problem Solving  305
3 Twins in Genetic Research  73
12 The Effects of Teenaged Employment  320
4 Langlois’s Studies of Babies’ Preferences
13 Gender Differences in the Brain  346
for Attractive Faces  121
14 Sex Differences in the Impact of Marriage  378
5 Early Gestural Language in the Children of Deaf
Parents  140 15 Internet Addiction Disorder  411
6 Gender Differences in Temperament  162 16 The Empty Nest and the Revolving Door  426
7 Children’s Play and Cognitive Development  181 17 Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s
Disease  453
8 Racism in the Preschool Classroom  204
18 Filial Piety  474
9 Stereotype Threat  251
19 Ethnicity and the Widowhood Effect  508
Developmental Science
1 . . . at Home: Correlation versus Causation  36 12 . . . in the Classroom: Role Models in Life
2 . . . in the Classroom: Systematic Desensitization  52 and in the Media  324
3 . . . in the Clinic: Singing to Preterm Infants  98 13 . . . in the Clinic: Smoking Cessation  352
4 . . . in the Clinic: When an Infant Dies  114 14 . . . at Home: Strategies for Coping with Conflict
between Work and Family Life  392
5 . . . in the Classroom: The Importance of Reading
to Toddlers  139 15 . . . in the Workplace: Maintaining the Creative
“Edge” at Mid-Life and Beyond  416
6 . . . at Home: Choosing a Day-Care Center  168
16 . . . at Home: Me, a Mother-in-Law?  429
7 . . . at Home: A Good Night’s Sleep for Kids
(and Parents, Too!)  177 17 . . . in the Clinic: Computers in Rehabilitation
Programs  454
8 . . . at Home: To Spank or Not to Spank?  217
18 . . . at Home: Elder Abuse  476
9 . . . at Home: Homeschooling  256
19 . . . in the Classroom: Copycat Suicide
10 . . . at Home: Encouraging Moral Reasoning  270
and the Internet  492
11 . . . in the Clinic: Crisis Intervention
for the Pregnant Teen  297
8
Contents
Preface  16 DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE IN THE CLASSROOM Systematic
Acknowledgments  22 Desensitization  52
Skinner’s Operant Conditioning  52
Part I: Foundations  23 Bandura’s Social-Cognitive Theory  53
Evaluation of Learning Theories  54
Chapter 1: Human Development and
test yourself before going on  55
Research Methodology 23

Cognitive Theories  55
An Introduction to Human Development  24
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory  55
Philosophical and Scientific Roots  24
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory  57
The Lifespan Perspective  26
Information-Processing Theory  57
The Domains and Periods of Development  26
Evaluation of Cognitive Theories  58
test yourself before going on  28
test yourself before going on  59
Key Issues in the Study of Human Development  28 RESEARCH REPORT Piaget’s Clever Research  60
Nature versus Nurture  28
Biological and Ecological Theories  60
Continuity versus Discontinuity  29
Behavior Genetics  60
Three Kinds of Change  29
Ethology and Sociobiology  61
RESEARCH REPORT An Example of a Cohort Effect: Children
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory  62
and Adolescents in the Great Depression  31
test yourself before going on  63
Contexts of Development  31
test yourself before going on  32
Comparing Theories  63
Research Methods and Designs  33 Assumptions about Development  63
Usefulness  65
The Goals of Developmental Science  33
Eclecticism  65
Descriptive Methods  33
test yourself before going on  66
NO EASY ANSWERS It Depends . . .  34
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE AT HOME Correlation versus
Summary  66
Causation  36
Chapter Test  68
The Experimental Method  36
Designs for Studying Age-Related Changes  37
Chapter 3: Development from Conception
Cross-Cultural Research  39
to Birth  70
Research Ethics  39
test yourself before going on  41 Conception and Genetics  71
The Process of Conception  71
Summary  41
RESEARCH REPORT Twins in Genetic Research  73
Chapter Test  43
How Genes Influence Development  73
Chapter 2: Theories of Development  45 test yourself before going on  76
Psychoanalytic Theories  46 Genetic and Chromosomal Disorders  76
Freud’s Psychosexual Theory  46 Genetic Disorders  76
NO EASY ANSWERS The Repressed-Memory Controversy  47 Chromosomal Errors  78
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory  48 test yourself before going on  79
Evaluation of Psychoanalytic Theories  49
Pregnancy and Prenatal Development  79
test yourself before going on  50
The Mother’s Experience  79
Learning Theories  51 Prenatal Development  81
Classical Conditioning  51 Sex Differences  84
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