Life on A Little-Known Planet A distinguished scientist's witty and informative views of man and his insect neighbors Howard Ensign Evans Author of WASP FARM Life on a Little-known Planet Howard Ensign Evans illustrations by Arnold Clapman A Dutton Paperback E. P.Dutton / New York Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to use the following copyright material: Don Marquis, archy and mehitabel (Doubleday & Company, Inc.) C. B. Williams, Insect Migration (Wm. Collins Sons & Co. Ltd.) W. M. Wheeler, Foibles of Insects and Men (Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.) W. M. Wheeler, "The Dry-Rot of Academic Biology," in Science, Vol. 57 (January 19, 1923). This paperback edition of Life on a Little—known Planet first published in 1978 by E. P. Dutton, a Division of Sequoia-Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York Copyright © 1966, 1968 by Howard E. Evans All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper or broadcast. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 68-25771 ISBN: 0-525-47493-5 Published simultaneously in Canada by Clarke, Irwin & Company Limited, Toronto and Vancouver 10 987654 3 21 This book is dedicated to the book lice and silverfish that share my study with me. May they find it digestible! Acknowledgments Chapter 3 is an expansion of an essay which first appeared in Harper's, © 1966 by Harper's Magazine, Inc. Chapter 8 is an outgrowth of a review of Oldroyd's The Natural History of Flies published in Scientific American, © 1966 by Scientific American, Inc. I am greatly indebted to various specialists who have reviewed individual chapters for errors of fact and interpretation. These are: Kenneth Christiansen (Chapter 2), Louis Roth (Chapter 3), George H. Bick (Chapter 4), Richard D. Alexander (Chapter 5), James E. Lloyd and John B. Buck (Chapter 6), Lincoln Brower and Jo Brewer (Chapter 7), Carroll M. Williams (Chapter 9), Ashley B. Gurney (Chapter 10), Stanley Flanders (Chapter 11), and Elwood C. Zimmerman (Chapter 12). Robert Matthews and Mary Alice Evans read major portions of the manuscript critically, and Janice Matthews read the entire manuscript and made a great many helpful suggestions. Katherine Pearson typed the manuscript and also made many useful suggestions. H. E. E. Preface to the 1978 Edition A decade has passed since Life on a Little-known Planet burst like a nova on the intellectual scene. (Or was it like a fly hitting a pest-strip?) Since then we have indeed put a man on the moon and enjoyed close views of the surface of Mars in all its rusty desolation. Voyager II is on its way to study Jupiter, Saturn, and perhaps Uranus and Neptune. Exobiologists seem only a little less hopeful. Who knows, there may yet be a microbe or two on Mars or slithy toves gyring and gim-bling on a moon of Saturn. Voyager even contains a record of "sounds of earth," for the benefit of any toves that may have a hi-fi set. (I had hoped they would include the song of the snowy tree cricket and Schubert's Impromptu in A-flat, but NASA had other ideas.) Meanwhile, back on earth, the Committee of Scientific Society Presidents has determined that "basic science is in trouble." What -with national defense, energy development, and a new raise for government employees, there just isn't enough money to study what's left of life on earth. Ironic that this should happen just as we have begun to exploit a "useless" plant, jojoba, as a source of rubber, and just as