Life During the Industrial Revolution

51 Pages·2014·17.103 MB·English

by  Julia Garstecki

DAILY LIFE IN US HISTORY G L I F E DDAUILYR LIFIEN ING US HTISTHORYE
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Books in this set:
• Life During the California Gold Rush
• Life During the Civil War
• Life During the Great Depression • Life During World War II
• Life During the Industrial Revolution • Life in Colonial America
• Life During the Revolutionary War • Life on the Frontier
ABDO PUBLISHING IS A DIVISION OF ABDO
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by Julia Garstecki
Core Library
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L I F E DDAILUY LIRFE IINN USG HIS TOTRYH E
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S
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R E V O L U T I O N
by Julia Garstecki
Content Consultant
Jamie Bronstein
Professor of History Core Library
New Mexico State University
An Imprint of Abdo Publishing
www.abdopublishing.com
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www.abdopublishing.com
Published by Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO, PO Box 398166,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55439. Copyright © 2015 by Abdo Consulting
Group, Inc. International copyrights reserved in all countries. No part of
this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from
the publisher. Core Library™ is a trademark and logo of Abdo Publishing.
Printed in the United States of America, North Mankato, Minnesota
092014
012015
Cover Photo: North Wind Picture Archives/AP Images
Interior Photos: North Wind Picture Archives, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 27, 32,
38, 42, 45; Detroit Publishing Co./Library of Congress, 17; AP Images, 18;
Red Line Editorial, 21, 30; Lewis Wickes Hine/Library of Congress, 24, 28;
Library of Congress, 35
Editor: Ethan Hiedeman
Series Designer: Becky Daum
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014944211
Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Garstecki, Julia.
Life during the Industrial Revolution / Julia Garstecki.
p. cm. -- (Daily life in US history)
ISBN 978-1-62403-627-9 (lib. bdg.)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Industrial Revolution--United States--Social aspects--Juvenile literature.
2. Industries--United States--History--Juvenile literature. 3. United States--
Economic conditions--To 1865--Juvenile literature. I. Title.
330.973--dc23
2014944211
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
From Farms to Factories . . . . . . 4
CHAPTER TWO
Work during the
Industrial Revolution . . . . . . . .12
CHAPTER THREE
Children at Work
and at School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CHAPTER FOUR
From Country to City . . . . . . . . 32
CHAPTER FIVE
Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
A Day in the Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Stop and Think . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
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CHAPTER ONE
FROM FARMS TO
FACTORIES
T
he thought of moving your body from this
crowded bed is more than you can handle. Your
roommates are getting dressed. They whisper
that you will get in trouble if you miss the next bell. A
girl, not much older than your 14 years, hands you a
wad of cotton to put in your ears.
“Here,” she tells you. “It will dull the sound. You
won’t get a headache if you wear them.”
Many children in the Industrial Revolution found work in factories. 5
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New inventions
such as the
Bessemer steel
converter spurred
economic change.
Every part of your body screams with pain as you
sit up. But your family needs every penny it can get.
This factory pays more than the others, and you are
grateful for the work.
The Rise of Industry
Can you imagine working in a factory 12 hours a
day? During the period in US history known as the
Industrial Revolution, many children began doing just
that. When people think of a revolution, they usually
think of bloody soldiers and smoky battlefields.
6
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However, the Industrial
PERSPECTIVES
Revolution didn’t involve
Native Americans
any battle plans. The
and the Industrial
Industrial Revolution
Revolution
was the transition
European settlement in
North America devastated
from an agricultural
Native American populations.
economy to one based
Millions of Native Americans
on manufacturing. The lost their lives to disease
and warfare. More Native
Industrial Revolution
Americans were forced off
began in Great Britain in lands they had lived on
for thousands of years as
the late 1700s. During
European colonists expanded
this time, many British west. The newcomers hunted
bison, which many Native
citizens immigrated to
Americans depended on for
the United States. They survival, nearly to extinction.
The US government forced
brought their knowledge
Native Americans off western
and experience of the
land so white settlers could
use the land to grow crops.
technological innovations
For Native Americans, the
in Britain. Soon the United
Industrial Revolution caused
States was experiencing even more of their customs to
be lost.
its own Industrial
7
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Calyloruwse Md cfCooodrm tioc kb’se rgeraopwenr rmeovorelu cthioenaipzelyd. agriculture and
Revolution. All aspects of life in the United States
transformed starting around 1820. New technology
during this time created a demand for even more
mass production and industry. The transformation
continued until approximately the start of World War I
(1914–1918).
Before the Industrial Revolution, economics in the
United States had not changed much for hundreds of
years. Most Americans grew their own food and made
their own tools and clothes. During the Industrial
Revolution, technology improved at a rapid rate.
8
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