LIBERTY’S FIRST CRISIS Also by Charles Slack Hetty: The Genius and Madness of America’s First Female Tycoon Noble Obsession: Charles Goodyear, Thomas Hancock, and the Race to Unlock the Greatest Industrial Secret of the Nineteenth Century Blue Fairways: Three Months, Sixty Courses, No Mulligans LIBERTY’S FIRST CRISIS A , J , DAMS EFFERSON AND THE M W S ISFITS HO AVED F S REE PEECH CHARLES SLACK Atlantic Monthly Press New York Portraits of Jefferson and Copyright © 2015 by Charles Slack Adams by Gianni Dagli Orti/The Art Archive at Art Resource, NY Author photograph © Denise Bosco All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Scanning, uploading, and electronic distribution of this book or the facilitation of such without the permission of the publisher is prohibited. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions, and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrighted materials. Your support of the author’s rights is appreciated. Any member of educational institutions wishing to photocopy part or all of the work for classroom use, or anthology, should send inquiries to Grove/Atlantic, Inc., 154 West 14th Street, New York, NY 10011 or [email protected]. Published simultaneously in Canada Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-8021-2342-8 eISBN 978-0-8021-9168-7 Atlantic Monthly Press an imprint of Grove/Atlantic, Inc. 154 West 14th Street New York, NY 10011 Distributed by Publishers Group West www.groveatlantic.com For My Father, Dr. Warner Slack Whose Words and Actions Have Taught Me the Beauty of Freedom Who would have believed it, had it been foretold, that the People of America, after having fought seven long years to obtain their Independence, would, at this early day, have been seized and dragged into confinement by their own government? —The Aurora, Philadelphia, Nov. 22, 1798 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. —The First Amendment to The Constitution of the United States Se·di·tion (sĭ-dĭsh-Ən). n. 1. Conduct or language inciting rebellion against the authority of a state. —The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Contents Author’s Note PART I: THE ROAD TO SEDITION PART II: THE JAWS OF POWER PART III: THE FEVER BREAKS PART IV: THE PARCHMENT BARRIER Sources and Acknowledgments Notes Selected Bibliography Index Author’s Note To avoid a needless distraction for contemporary readers, I have removed the eighteenth-century convention of using “f” for “s” when quoting from period publications. Otherwise, I have preserved the authors’ spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. Italics, unless otherwise noted, are in the original. Part I THE ROAD TO SEDITION
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