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Lexikon of the hispanic Baroque Joe R. and TeResa Lozano Long seRies in LaTin ameRican and LaTino aRT and c uLTuRe edited B y evonne Levy and kenneth MiLLs Lexikon of the   Hi<panic Baroque transatLantic exchange and t ransforMation University of Texas Press, Austin Copyright © 2013 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 2013 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to: Permissions University of Texas Press P.O. Box 7819 Austin, TX 78713- 7819 http://utpress.utexas.edu/index.php/rp-form ♾ The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso Z39.48- 1992 (r1997) (Permanence of Paper). LiBrary of congress cataLoging- in- puBLication data Lexikon of the Hispanic Baroque : Transatlantic Exchange and Transformation / Edited by Evonne Levy and Kenneth Mills. pages  cm. — (Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long Series in Latin American and Latino Art and Culture) Includes bibliographical references and index. isBn 978-0-292-75309-9 (cl. : alk. paper) 1. Civilization, Hispanic. 2. Civilization, Baroque. 3. Spain— Civilization—1516–1700. 4. America—Civilization. I. Levy, Evonne Anita, 1961– editor of compilation. II. Mills, Kenneth, 1964– editor of compilation. cB226.L49 2013 909.0468073—dc23  2012043893 10.7560/753099 contents List of iLLustrations vii acknowLedgMents xi introduction: Technologies of Transatlantic Exchange and Transformation 1 Evonne Levy and Kenneth Mills spain spanish aMerica Afterlife—Carlos M. N. Eire 9 Afterlife—Ramón Mujica Pinilla 13 Animal—Marcy Norton 17 Animal—Marcy Norton 21 Cartography—Ricardo Padrón 25 Cartography—Alessandra Russo 29 Center—Carlos M. N. Eire 33 Center—Stephanie Merrim 37 Church: Interior—Evonne Levy 41 Church: Interior—Jaime Lara 47 Church: Place—Jesús Escobar 51 Church: Place—Michael Schreffler 57 City—Jesús Escobar 61 City—Richard L. Kagan 65 Clergy—Gretchen Starr- LeBeau 69 Clergy—Karen Melvin 73 Comedy—Juan Luis Suárez 77 Comedy—Frederick Luciani 80 Confession—Sara T. Nalle 83 Confession—Bruce Mannheim 87 Convent—Elizabeth A. Lehfeldt 91 Convent—Asunción Lavrin 95 Dream—Enrique Fernández- Rivera 99 Dream—Beatriz de Alba- Koch 103 Dress—Amanda Wunder 107 Dress—Gridley McKim- Smith 111 Engraving—Ralph Dekoninck 117 Engraving—Clara Bargellini 121 Epic—Elizabeth B. Davis 125 Epic—Paul Firbas 129 Food—James Amelang 133 Food—Felipe Fernández- Armesto 137 Governance—Antonio Feros 141 Governance—Alejandro Cañeque 145 History—Richard L. Kagan 150 History—Kathleen Myers and Pablo García Loaeza 153 Honor—Scott K. Taylor 156 Honor—Peter Gose 159 Inquisition—Stefania Pastore 163 Inquisition—Martin Nesvig 167 Knowledge—Fernando Bouza 171 Knowledge—Martin Oliver Carrión 175 Labor—Ruth MacKay 179 Labor—Kris E. Lane 183 Language—Manuel Peña Díaz 186 Language—Alan Durston 189 Library—Jonathan E. Carlyon 193 Library—Pedro Guibovich Pérez 197 Living Image—Victor I. Stoichita 201 Living Image—Thomas B. F. Cummins 207 Love—Stephen Rupp 213 Love—Sarah H. Beckjord 216 Miscegenation—Cristian Berco 219 Miscegenation—Ilona Katzew 221 vi spain spanish aMerica Mission—Benjamin Ehlers 225 Mission—Kenneth Mills 229 Music: Cathedrals—Greta Olson 233 Music: Cathedrals—Bernardo Illari 237 Music: Convents—Colleen R. Baade 240 Music: Convents—Aurelio Tello 243 Music: Missions—Francisco Luis Rico Callado 246 Music: Missions—Piotr Nawrot 249 e u q o Opera—Louise K. Stein 253 Opera—José A. Rodríguez Garrido 256 r a c B Prayer—Carlos M. N. Eire 259 Prayer—Sabine MacCormack 262 ni pa Prophecy—Felipe Pereda 267 Prophecy—Ramón Mujica Pinilla 270 s hi e Rebellion—John H. Elliott 275 Rebellion—R. Douglas Cope 278 h t of Religious Drama—Elizabeth Wright 281 Religious Drama—Louise M. Burkhart 284 n ko Saint—Jodi Bilinkoff 287 Saint—William B. Taylor 291 xi Le Science—Thomas F. Glick 295 Science—Daniela Bleichmar 298 Self- Fashioning—Laura R. Bass 301 Self- Fashioning—Jorge Cañizares- Esguerra 304 Ship—Carla Rahn Phillips 307 Ship—Frederick Luciani 311 Sin—Allyson M. Poska 317 Sin—Stuart B. Schwartz 321 Sodomy—Cristian Berco 324 Sodomy—Pete Sigal 326 Supernatural—Andrew Keitt 329 Supernatural—Fernando Cervantes 333 index 337 iLLustrations figure 1. Printing Press with a Heart Impressed with the figure 14. The City of the Kings of Lima, Royal High Name of Charles II, engraving, in José de Buendía, Court, Principal City of the Kingdom of the Indies, Parentación real al soberano nombre e immortal memoria Residence of the Viceroy, and Archbishopric of the Church del Católico Rey de las Españas y Emperador de las (La Ciudad de los Reyes de Lima), pen and ink on paper, Indias, 1701 4 in Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, ca. 1615 38 figure 2. Kingdoms and Provinces Converted by the Society of Jesus, engraving, in Johannes Bolland, Imago primae figure 15. True Image of a Papist Church, engraving, saeculi Societatis Iesu, 1640 4 ca. 1600 42 figure 3. The Ten Commandments in Spanish and Huastec, figure 16. Juan de Herrera (architect), High Altar, woodcut, in Juan de la Cruz, Doctrina christiana en la 1595 (completed), Basilica of San Lorenzo de El lengua Guasteca co[n] la lengua castellana, 1571 4 Escorial 43 figure 4. Sea- Dragon Pendant, pearls, gold, and enamel, figure 17. Camarín of the Virgin of Victory, 1727–1797, late sixteenth century, Spain 5 Church of the Victory, Málaga 44 figure 5. Always Himself, engraving, in Diego Saavedra figure 18. José de Bada and Jacinto Morató, Camarín Fajardo, Idea de un príncipe político christiano, 1640 7 of the Virgin of the Rosary, begun 1710–1720, completed 1773, Church of Santo Domingo, Granada 44 figure 6. Cornelis Galle I, Souls in Purgatory, engraving, 1610–1650 10 figure 19. High Altar, late seventeenth century, Parish Church of San Pedro Andahuaylillas, Peru 46 figure 7. Cornelis Galle II, Monument Dedicated to Baltasar Carlos, Son of Philip IV, upon His Killing a Bull figure 20. Tomás Roldán, Angel on the Toral Arch, and a Wild Boar during a Hunt, engraving, 1642 16 polychrome and gilded wood, before 1650, Church of Tópaga, Colombia 48 figure 8. Alpaca or Llama (an Indian Sheep), engraving, in Ulrich Schmidel, Warhafftige Historien einer figure 21. Tabernacle- Ark, gilded wood, 1745, Church wunderbaren Schiffart . . . , 1599 20 of the Company of Jesus, Quito, Ecuador 48 figure 9. Franciscus Hogenberg, World Map, engraving, figure 22. Crossing and Transept Altar, first quarter in Abraham Ortelius, Theatrum orbis terrarum, of the eighteenth century, Church of Santa María 1570 24 Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico 49 figure 10. World Map of the Kingdom of the Indies of figure 23. Domingo de Andrade, Pórtico Real, 1696– Peru with the Four- Part Division of the Inca Empire of 1700, Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela 52 Tawantinsuyu, pen and ink on paper, in Felipe Guaman figure 24. Original design by Sebastián Herrera Poma de Ayala, El primer nueva corónica y buen Barnuevo (completed by Pedro de Ribera), Church of gobierno, ca. 1615 28 Nuestra Señora de Montserrat, 1668–1733, Madrid 53 figure 11. Melchor Alfaro de Santa Cruz, Map of the figure 25. Fernando de Casas y Novoa, Obradoiro Province of Tabasco, relación geográfica, 1579 30 (west) facade, 1739–1750, Cathedral of Santiago figure 12. Map of Tamiagua and Tamtotol (Veracruz), de Compostela 54 1583 31 figure 26. Cathedral of Cusco, ca. 1550–1700 56 figure 13. Abraham Ortelius, El Escorial, engraving, figure 27. Juan Tomás Tuyru Túpac (designer), Church 1591 34 of San Pedro, construction begun 1699, Cusco 59 viii figure 28. Pedro Teixeira, Topographia de la Villa de figure 44. Shawl, silk plain weave, ca. 1790, Mexico 114 Madrid, engraving, 1656 62 figure 45. Jesus Calms a Storm at Sea, engraving, figure 29. Antonio Manzelli, Verdadero retrato del 1593 116 suntuoso edifiçio de la plaça de la muy noble Villa figure 46. Jan Sadeler after Maarten de Vos, Saint John de Madrid, engraving, ca. 1623 63 the Evangelist on Patmos, engraving, second half of the e figure 30. View and Plan of the City of Santiago, sixteenth century 118 u q o engraving, in Alonso de Ovalle, Histórica relación r figure 47. Lucas Vorsterman I, Apparition of the Angel Ba de reyno de Chile, 1646 66 c to the Three Marys, engraving, 1622–1628 119 ni pa figure 31. Jost Amman, The Spanish Priest, woodcut, in s figure 48. Roman (?), Copper Plate with Images of the hi Hans Weigel, Habitus praecipuorum populorum . . . , e Trinity, Christ, the Virgin, and Saints, 1640 122 h t 1639 70 f o n figure 49. Diego de Ocaña, La bella Guacolda, pen and o figure 32. Jost Amman, The Spanish Priest’s Concubine, k ink and watercolor on paper, 1599–1605 128 xi woodcut, in Hans Weigel, Habitus praecipuorum e L populorum . . . , 1639 72 figure 50. Romeyne de Hooghe, The Spanish Caravan, etching, 1702 132 figure 33. Joseph Morales, The Venerable Father Ignacio Raphael Coromina of the Society of Jesus, Apostle of figure 51. Antonio de Pereda, Still Life with an Ebony Guanajuato, engraving, 1764 74 Chest, oil on canvas, 1652 134 figure 34. Attributed to Francisco Bejarano, figure 52. La Xocolatada, painted tile, 1710 136 Confession of a Noble Inca, engraved copper plate, figure 53. Jan Baptist Berterham, Homage and Oath of ca. 1612–1620 86 Loyalty to King Philip V by the Kingdom of Castile and figure 35. The Habits of the Nuns of New Spain, oil on Leon, etching and engraving, Brussels, 1703 140 canvas, eighteenth century, Mexico 94 figure 54. Frans Hogenberg, Philip II in Council at figure 36. Engraved frontispiece to Francisco de Segovia, etching, ca. 1570 142 Quevedo y Villegas, Obras de don Francisco de Quevedo figure 55. Luis de Velasco and Indian Magistrates of Villegas, 1699 98 Mexico, pen and ink and wash on paper, 1563–1565 146 figure 37. Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras, True Dream figure 56. Good Government: President, Civil Judges, (Sueño verdadero), ink on paper, 1796 102 Criminal Judges, Prosecutor, and Chief Constable of This figure 38. Franz Huys, Queen Anne of Austria, engraving, Kingdom (Buen gobierno: La Audiencia de Lima), pen ca. 1600 106 and ink on paper, in Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, ca. 1615 147 figure 39. Carta ejecutoria de Don Francisco y Don Fernando Ramírez de la Trapera de la ciudad de Úbeda, figure 57. Francisco Rizi, Auto da fe on the Plaza Mayor tempera on parchment, Granada, 1633 108 in Madrid, oil on canvas, 1683 162 figure 40. Juan Pantoja de la Cruz, Portrait of Don Diego figure 58. Auto da fe in the Town of San Bartolomé de Villamayor, oil on canvas, 1605 109 Otzolotepec, oil on canvas, 1716 168 figure 41. Juan Carreño de Miranda, Portrait of Doña figure 59. The Exercises of Holy Father Ignatius Sharpen Inés de Zúñiga, Countess of Monterrey, oil on canvas, One’s Powers for Spiritual Leisure, engraving, 1640 178 ca. 1650s–1670s 109 figure 60. The Royal or Ordinary Forge Where the Gold figure 42. Uncu with Tocapu, tapestry weave, mid- to late Coming from the Mines Is Made: Erected by the King sixteenth century, Andes 112 of Spain to Levy His Tribute (Gold Smelting), pen and brown ink with watercolor, ca. 1586 182 figure 43. Attributed to Manuel de Arellano, Rendering of a Mulata (Diceño de Mulata), oil on canvas, 1711 113 figure 61. Baptismal Chapel (entrance), Parish Church of San Pedro Andahuaylillas, seventeenth century 190 figure 62. José de Nava, Plan of the Sumptuous Library of figure 76. Emanuel Sanctus (?), San Francisco Solano, ix the Illustrious Palafox Seminary in Puebla de los Ángeles engraved frontispiece to Pedro Rodríguez Guillén, Built for the Common Good, 1771, engraving, after El sol, y año feliz del Perú San Francisco Solano, apóstol 1771 196 y patrón universal de dicho reyno, 1735 250 figure 63. Francisco de Zurbarán, St. Francis of Assisi, figure 77. Juan de Roelas, Allegory of the Immaculate oil on canvas, ca. 1640–1650 200 Conception, oil on canvas, 1616 266 L is figure 64. Eugenio Cajés, Pope Nicholas V before the figure 78. Michelangelo Cerquozzi, Revolt of Masaniello, t o f Body of St. Francis, black lead and pen and ink and oil on canvas, 1648 274 iL L u sepia wash with white lead on brown paper, squared s figure 79. Prune, Do Not Cut, engraving, in Diego tr in pencil, ca. 1613 202 a t Saavedra Fajardo, Idea de un príncipe político christiano, io n figure 65. Jean- Jacques Boissieu, St. Francis of Assisi, 1640 276 s etching, 1797 203 figure 80. Matías de Arteaga, Monument to Saint figure 66. Pedro de Mena, St. Francis Standing in Ecstasy, Ferdinand, etching, in Fernando de la Torre Farfán, polychrome wood, glass, cord, ivory, and human hair, Fiestas de la S. Iglesia metropolitana y patriarcal de 1663 203 Sevilla . . . , 1671 288 figure 67. Niño Jesús de Huanca, oil on canvas, figure 81. True Effigy of a Crucifix in a Tree, engraving, in eighteenth century, Peru 206 Alonso de Ovalle, Histórica relación del reyno de Chile, 1646 292 figure 68. The Statue of the Virgin of Candlemas with Patrons and Maiscapacha, oil on canvas, early to mid- figure 82. Passion Flower (Granadillae ramus), woodcut, eighteenth century, Peru 208 in Juan Eusebio Nieremberg, Historia naturae, maxime peregrinae, 1635 299 figure 69. Tomás Tairu, The Virgin of Almudena, polychrome wood, 1686. Church of Almudena, figure 83. Attributed to Alonso Sánchez Coello, Seville Cusco 208 Port Scene, oil on canvas, ca. 1590 308 figure 70. Tomás Tairu, The Virgin of Almudena, figure 84. Triumphal Ship (from the series by polychrome wood (dressed), 1686. Church of G. Becanus), engraving, 1636 309 Almudena, Cusco 209 figure 85. Abraham Casembroot, Shipwreck, etching, figure 71. F. F. Begarano, engraved frontispiece to first half of the seventeenth century 312 Fernando de Valverde, Santuario de Nuestra Señora figure 86. Simon Novellanus after Cornelis Cort, de Copacabana en el Perú, 1641 210 Allegorical Shipwreck, etching, ca. 1595 314 figure 72. Raphael Sadeler I, Love (from The Four Ages figure 87. The Seven Deadly Sins, engraving, 1612– of Man), engraving, 1591 212 1633 316 figure 73. Juan Patricio Morlete Ruiz (Mexico, 1713– figure 88. Pieter van der Heyden, Lust (Luxuria), 1781), X. From Spaniard and Return Backwards, Hold- engraving, 1558 318 Yourself Suspended- in- Mid- Air (De español y torna atrás, tente en el aire), oil on canvas, ca. 1760 222 figure 89. How the Spanish Mistreat Their Male and Female Black Slaves, and How the Good Slaves Endure figure 74. True Effigy of the Venerable Servant of God, It All in Patience and for the Love of God, pen and ink Beato Francisco Solano, engraved frontispiece to Diego on paper, in Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, El primer Córdoba y Salinas, Vida, virtudes y milagros del nuevo nueva corónica y buen gobierno, ca. 1615 320 apóstol del Peru, 1676 228 figure 90. Girard Audran, St. Ignatius of Loyola Assailed figure 75. The Blessing and Placing of the First Stone by Demons, etching, Paris, 1660–1703 330 of a New Church Building, in Pontificale Romanum, 1595 234 figure 91. Nicolaas de Bruyn, St. James Brings the King and Queen of Spain to Life, engraving, 1600 331

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