Lexicon Ethics by Raz Kr

333 Pages·2016·28.39 MB·English

LEXICON
For Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude
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CHRONICLE
Nurturing Talent5wee1990
Raz Kr
LEXICON
For Ethics,Integrity, & Aptitude
CHRONICLE BOOKS
A DIVISION OF CHRONICLE PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD.
Raz Kr
LEXICON
For Ethics, Integrity, & Aptitude
Editor
.
NN. Ojha
a
Concept & Research
Niraj Kumar
Content
Prativa Rani Sahno & Chroniclf? Editorial Team
First Edition 2013
Second Edition 2015
Price: Rs, 300.00
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ISBN 97M1-023264-3 !
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Raz Kr
Preface
It is with immense pleasure that we bring out the
second edition of this book. In view of the tremendous
response that the first edition received, it is only natural
that we have come up with the second edition.
For the still uninitiated, this book helps civil services
aspirants prepare forGeneral Studies -Paper IV.Thispaper
was first introduced in Civil Services Main examination in
the year 2013 Introduction of this paper took the whole
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context of UPSC Main Examination to a new level. With
the introduction of this paper, a civil services aspirant is
examined for having the right attitude — and not mere
right aptitude. Attitude is what makes one's character
and aptitude is part of one's personality.
Taking into consideration the pattern of questions
in the 2013 Main GS Paper IV, we have made several
changes in this edition of this book. These have been
made with the primary aim of making the concepts
understandable for the student, so that a student can
incorporatethem while answering the Paper IV questions.
In this edition, we have added sample case studies at the
end of each topic to bring in more ciarity to the terms
and terminologies discussed in that Unit
.
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Besides, we have increased the number of case
studies provided at Unit 8 of the book Another value
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addition that we have made is in the form of complete
solution to the General Studies - Paper IV conducted in
the year 2013, This would help students get a grasp over
what is expected of them in the examination.
It is our ardent belief that students will find this
edition of the book as useful as the previous edition.
As always, comments and suggestion from students and
teachers are most welcome These act as sounding board
*
for our books. We are very grateful to the students and
teachers who had taken the time to share their comments
and suggestions about the first edition of this book, We
expect the same response for this edition of thebook. And
last but not the least, we wish all the students the very
best for their examination. Nothing fuels our enthusiasm
better than the success achieved by our students.
Mia
Raz Kr
Syllabus as mentioned or the UPSC website for GS Paper IV
Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude
This paper wifi include questions to test the Candidates' altitude
and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and
his problem solving approach to various issues and conflict faced
by him in dealing with society Questions may utilize the case study
.
approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will
be covered:
(cid:127)Ethics andHumanInterface:Essence,determinants and consequences
of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of elhrcs; ethics in private
and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives
and leaching* of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of
family, society and educalionul institutions in inculcating values.
*Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with
thought and behavior; moral and political attitudes; social influence
and persuasion
,
* Aptitudeand foundationalvaluesfor Civil Service, integnty,impartiality
and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service,
empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections
,
* Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in
administralion and governance,
* Contributionsof moral thiners and philosophers fromIndia and world,
(cid:127)Pubbc/Civil service values and Ethics m Public Administration:
Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government
and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as
sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance;
strengtheningof ethical and moral values in governance;ethical issues
in international relations and funding; corporate governance
.
(cid:127)Probity in Governance:Concept ofpublic service; Philosophical basis
of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in
government,Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codesof Conduct,
Citizen'sCharters, Workculture, QuaEity of servicedelivery.Utilization
of public funds, challenges of corruption
,
(cid:127)Case studies on above issues
1 F
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CONTENT
SL Unit Name Page
. .
No No
1 Ethics and Human Interface 11
2 Attitude 35
3 Aptitude and Foundational Values for
Civil Service 62
4 Emotional Intelligence 86
5 Contributions of Moral Thinkers
& Philosophers from India & World 100
6 Pubiic/Civil service values and Ethics
in Public Administration 133
7 Probity in Governance 180
8 Case Studies 233
9 2013 GS Paper-IV with Solution 306
10 index 328
Raz Kr
UNIT
1
Ethics & Human Interface
After reading this Unit, you will he able to understand
Ethics and its Scope
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* Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in
human actions
Dimensions of ethics
*
* Ethics in private and public relationships
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* Human Values fessons from the lives and teachings
of great leaders, reformers and administrators
* Role of family, society and educational institutions in
inculcating values
,
^ i M m » n t i l
Ethics
Ethics may be defined as thesystematic studyof human actions
from the point of view of their rightfulness or wrongfulness, as
means for theattainmentof the ultimate happiness. It is the reflective
study of what is good or bad in that part of human conduct tor
which human has some personal responsibility.
In other words, Ethics is a set of standards that a society places
on itself and which helps guide behaviour, choices and actions.
Ethics is integral to public administration. In public
administration, ethics focuses on how the public administrator
should question and reflect in order to be able to act responsibly.
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12 LEXICON
Scope of Ethics
Ethicsdeals with voluntary actions.Wecan distinguishbetween
human actions and actions of human: human actions are those
actions that are done by human consciously, deliberately and in
view of an end. Actions of human may not be wilfully,voluntarily,
consciously and deliberately done but all the same they are done
by human (e,g, sleeping, walking, etc.). It is the intention which
makes the difference between human action and action of human.
.
In ethics we deal only with human actions
What Ethics is Not?
Ethics is not morality, Morality can be an individual set of
commitmentsevenwhentheyare rejectedbyothers.Butonecannot
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be ethical alone Ethics brings other people for the realization of
the self. Morality does not demand acquiescence from others the
way ethics does. It is possible to he moral alone, A moralist can
say 1 do not believe in war, so what if everyone else does.
Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but
ethics applies to everyone.Most: religions do advocate high ethical
standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems
we face.
Ethics is not following the law, In law, a man is guilty
when he violates the rights of another. In ethics, he is guilty if
he thinks of doing so {Immanuel Kant). A good system of law
does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate
from what is ethical. Law may have a difficult time designing or
enforcing standards in some important areas, and may be slow
to address new problems.
.
Ethics is not followingculturally acceptednorms Some cultures
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are quite ethical, but others become corrupt or blind to certain
ethical concerns {United States was to slavery before the Civil
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War; caste system in India) "When in Rome, do as the Romans
don is not a satisfactory ethical standard.
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ETHECS ANDHUMANINTERFACE 13
Why be Moral?
Not few are the people who ask this question: Why should
we be moral? Why should we take part in the moral institution
of life? Why should we adopt a moral point of view?
Inevery human person thereis a deep desirefor good.Human
beingby nature tend to good- summumbonum. Each man/woman
desires what is best for himself/herself The ethical principles and
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moral practices help one to attain what is best It helps a person
,
to perfect himself/herself as a moral being, Moraiity has to do
more with one's interior self than the practice of some customs or
set rules. Viewed from this point, morality is a deep down desire
In human person and is something to do with the very nature of
human person. The rational nature of human person makes him/
her aware of certain fundamental principles of logical and moral
reasoning. This means that there is not only a subjective aspect
to every human action but also an objective one that prompts
humanperson to basehimself herselfoncertaincommonprinciples.
We also find that for the functioning of any society we need
certain rules andregulations.The conditionsof a satisfactory human
life for people living in groups could hardly obtain otherwise
{neither a "state of nature" nor a "totalitarian state"). The institutions
which are designed to make life easier and better for humankind,
cannot function without certain moral principles. However, here
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the question of individual freedom can also come in How far the
society car go on demanding? Shouldn't it respect the freedom
of the individual? Is morality made for man or man is made for
morality?
Morality is a lot like nutrition Most of us have never
.
had a course in nutrition or even read much about it Yet
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many of us do have some general knowledge of the field, of
what we need to eat and what not. However, we also make
mistakes about these things, Often thinking of the good, a
particular diet can do in the long run for our health, we may go
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