Lessons from Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport _ Basic Concepts

276 Pages·2017·4.495 MB·English

by  Supriyo Datta

Lessons from
Nanoelectronics
A New Perspective on Transport
— Part A: Basic Concepts
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Lessons from Nanoscience: A Lecture Note Series
ISSN: 2301-3354
Series Editors: Mark Lundstrom and Supriyo Datta
(Purdue University, USA)
“Lessons from Nanoscience” aims to present new viewpoints that help understand,
integrate, and apply recent developments in nanoscience while also using them
to re-think old and familiar subjects. Some of these viewpoints may not yet be in final
form, but we hope this series will provide a forum for them to evolve and develop into the
textbooks of tomorrow that train and guide our students and young researchers as they turn
nanoscience into nanotechnology. To help communicate across disciplines, the series aims
to be accessible to anyone with a bachelor’s degree in science or engineering.

More information on the series as well as additional resources for each volume can
be found at: http://nanohub.org/topics/LessonsfromNanoscience

Published:
Vol. 1 Lessons from Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport
by Supriyo Datta
Vol. 2 Near-Equilibrium Transport: Fundamentals and Applications
by Mark Lundstrom, Changwook Jeong and Raseong Kim
Vol. 3 Thermal Energy at the Nanoscale
by Timothy S Fisher
Vol. 4 Fundamentals of Atomic Force Microscopy, Part I: Foundations
by Ronald Reifenberger
Vol. 5 Lessons from Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport
(Second Edition)
Part A: Basic Concepts
by Supriyo Datta
XuKe - 10440 - Lessons from Nanoelectronics.indd 1 07-03-17 4:43:46 PM
5
Lessons from Nanoscience:
A Lecture Note Series Vol.
Second Edition
Lessons from
Nanoelectronics
A New Perspective on Transport
— Part A: Basic Concepts
Supriyo Datta
Supriyo Datta
Purdue University, USA
World Scientific
NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI • TOKYO
10440hc_9789813209732_tp.indd 2 2/3/17 10:16 AM
Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Datta, Supriyo, 1954– author.
Title: Lessons from nanoelectronics : a new perspective on transport /
Supriyo Datta, Purdue University, USA.
Other titles: Lessons from nanoscience ; v. 5.
Description: Second edition. | Singapore ; Hackensack, NJ : World Scientific, [2017]– |
Series: Lessons from nanoscience: a lecture notes series, ISSN 2301-3354 ; vol. 5 |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents: A. Basic concepts. Why electrons flow ; The elastic resistor ;
Ballistic and diffusive transport ; Conductance from fluctuation ; Energy band model ;
The nanotransistor ; Diffusion equation for ballistic transport ; Boltzmann equation ;
Electrochemical potentials and quasi-Fermi levels ; Hall effect ; Smart contacts ;
Thermoelectricity ; Phonon transport ; Second law ; Fuel value of information
Identifiers: LCCN 2016058007| ISBN 9789813224643 (set : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9789813224650 (set : pbk. ; alk. paper) |
ISBN 9789813209732 (Part A ; hardcover ; alk. paper) |
ISBN 9813209739 (Part A ; hardcover ; alk. paper) |
ISBN 9789813209749 (Part A; pbk. ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9813209747 (Part A ; pbk. ; alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Nanoelectronics. | Transport theory.
Classification: LCC TK7874.84 .D37 2017 | DDC 621.381--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016058007
Lessons from Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport (Volume 1)
ISBN: 9789814335287
ISBN: 9789814335294 (pbk)
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2017 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy
is not required from the publisher.
Printed in Singapore
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To Malika, Manoshi
and Anuradha
v
b2530 International Strategic Relations and China’s National Security: World at the Crossroads
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Preface
Everyone is familiar with the amazing performance of a modern smart-
phone, powered by a billion-plus nanotransistors, each having an active
regionthatisbarelyafewhundredatomslong. Ibelievewealsooweama-
jor intellectual debt to the many who have made this technology possible.
This is because the same amazing technology has also led to a deeper un-
derstandingofthenatureofcurrentflowandheatdissipationonanatomic
scale which I believe should be of broad relevance to the general problems
ofnon-equilibriumstatisticalmechanicsthatpervademanydifferentfields.
To make these lectures accessible to anyone in any branch of science or
engineering, we assume very little background beyond linear algebra and
differential equations. However, we will be discussing advanced concepts
that should be of interest even to specialists, who are encouraged to look
at my earlier books for additional technical details.
This book is based on a set of two online courses originally offered in 2012
onnanoHUB-Uandmorerecentlyin2015onedX.Inpreparingthesecond
edition we decided to split it into parts A and B entitled Basic Concepts
and Quantum Transport respectively, along the lines of the two courses.
A list of available video lectures corresponding to different sections of this
volume is provided upfront. I believe readers will find these useful.
EventhisSecondEditionrepresentslecturenotesinunfinishedform. Iplan
to keep posting additions/corrections at the companion website.
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b2530 International Strategic Relations and China’s National Security: World at the Crossroads
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Acknowledgments
The precursor to this lecture note series, namely the Electronics from the
BottomUpinitiativeonwww.nanohub.orgwasfundedbytheU.S.National
Science Foundation (NSF), the Intel Foundation, and Purdue University.
Thanks to World Scientific Publishing Corporation and, in particular, our
series editor, Zvi Ruder for joining us in this partnership.
In 2012 nanoHUB-U offered its first two online courses based on this text.
WegratefullyacknowledgePurdueandNSFsupportforthisprogram,along
with the superb team of professionals who made nanoHUB-U a reality
(https://nanohub.org/u) and later helped offer these courses through edX.
A special note of thanks to Mark Lundstrom for his leadership that made
it all happen and for his encouragement and advice. I am grateful to Shu-
vro Chowdhury for carefully going through this new edition and fixing the
many errors introduced during conversion to LATEX. I also owe a lot to
many students, ex-students, on-line students and colleagues for their valu-
able feedback and suggestions regarding these lecture notes.
Finally I would like to express my deep gratitude to all who have helped
me learn, a list that includes many teachers, colleagues and students over
theyears,startingwiththelateRichardFeynmanwhoseclassiclectureson
physics, Iamsure, haveinspiredmanylikemeandtaughtusthe“pleasure
of finding things out.”
Supriyo Datta
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