Lesion-Induced Neuronal Plasticity in Sensorimotor Systems

407 Pages·1981·24.265 MB·English

by  G. Rager (auth.), Professor Dr. Hans Flohr, Professor Dr. Wolfgang Precht (eds.)

Proceedings in Life Sciences
Lesion-Induced
Neuronal Plasticity in
Sensorimotor Systems
Edited by
H. Flohr and W. Precht
With 168 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Professor Dr. HANS FLOHR
Universitiit Bremen
Bibliothekstraf3e
2800 Bremen 33, FRG
Professor Dr. WOLFGANG PRECHT
Institut flir Hirnforschung der Universitat Ziirich
August-Forel-Straf3e 1
8029 Ziirich, Switzerland
The cover illustration shows the pattern of regional deoxyglucose uptake
in the frog's brain stem following unilateral labyrinthectomy. It was
obtained by microdensitometric analysis of the autoradiograph d in
Fig. 2 on p. 156.
ISBN 978-3-642-68076-2 ISBN 978-3-642-68074-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-68074-8
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Main entry under title: Lesion-induced
neuronal plasticity in sensorimotor systems. (Proceedings in life sciences) Bibliography: p.
Includes index. I. Developmental neurology. 2. Neural circuitry-Adaptation. 3. Sensory-motor
integration. 4. Nervous system-Regeneration. I. Flohr, H. (Hans), 1936--. II. Precht, W., 1938-.
III. Series. QP363.5.L47 599.01 '88 81-9074 AACR2.
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1981.
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1981
Softcovcr reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1981
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absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws
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2131/3130-543210
Preface
Sensorimotor systems are not rigidly wired predetermined networks
but rather highly plastic structures that learn and modify their entire
performance in response to changes in external or internal conditions.
Lesions or distortions of the system's input, which initially cause a
functional disorganization, induce an active reorganization which
often leads to a recovery of function.
Examples of lesion-induced neural plasticity have been known for
some hundred years; however, an awareness of their value as research
tools is relatively new. This current interest is a consequence of rapid
ly changing ideas concerning the nature of CNS organization. Out of
these, concepts are emerging which describe neural nets as modifiable,
highly dynamic, self-organizing structures.
This trend is clearly reflected in this volume, which contains the
proceedings of a symposium held in Bremen in July 1980 as a satellite
meeting of the XXVIIIth International Congress of Physiological
Sciences. The first part of this conference was devoted to some gen
eral aspects of plasticity, discussing the current theories of functional
recovery as well as morphological, neurochemical, physiological,
molecular, and ontogenetic aspects. The second part dealt with lesion
induced plasticity in specific sensorimotor systems of the spinal cord,
brain stem, and cerebral cortex.
The meeting was organized with the financial assistance of the
University of Bremen, for which both the editors and the participants
are grateful. We are also indebted to the staff of the Neurobiology
Unit of the University of Bremen for its valuable support in organizing
the symposium. We particularly want to thank Ms Helga Kortmann
for her highly skilled and tireless efforts in organizing the conference
and in preparing this volume. The support of the Springer-Verlag in
preparing this publication is very much appreciated.
Bremen/ZUrich, May 1981 H. Flohr
W. Precht
Contents
I. General Aspects of Lesion-Induced Neuronal Plasticity
The Significance of Neuronal Cell Death During the Development
of the Nervous System
G. Rager (With 1 Figure). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Critical Afferent Theory: A Mechanism to Account for
Septohippocampal Development and Plasticity
C.W. Cotman, E.R. Lewis, and D. Hand (With 9 Figures). . . . .. 13
The Regulation of Sprouting in the Adult Hippocampus:
Some Insights from Developmental Studies
C. Gall and G. Lynch (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27
Formation and Regression of Synaptic Contacts in the Adult
Muscle
A. Wernig, A.P. Anzil, and A. Bieser (With 8 Figures). . . . . . .. 38
Morphological and Physiological Effects ofAxotomy on Cat
Abducens Motoneurons
R. Baker, J. Delgado-Garcia, and R. McCrea (With 7 Figures). .. 51
Neuronal Plasticity in the Newborn and Adult Feline Red Nucleus
N. Tsukahara and Y. Fujito (With 6 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64
Neurochemistry of Synaptic Renewal
JJ. Bernstein, D. Ganchrow, and M.R. Wells (With 2 Figures) .. 75
Changes in Neurotransmitter Synthesizing Enzymes During
Regenerative, Compensatory, and Collateral Sprouting of Central
Catecholamine Neurons in Adult and Developing Rats
DJ. Reis,R.A. Ross, L. Iacovitti, G. Gilad, and T.H. Joh
(With 7 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87
VIII Contents
Effect of a Conditioning Lesion on Axonal Regeneration and
Recovery of Function
D.s. Forman, I.G. McQuarrie, B. Grafstein, and D.L. Edwards
(With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103
II. Sensorimotor Subsystems: Experimental Models and Techniques
a. Recovery from Spinal Lesions
Primary Afferent Synaptic Modulation as a Mechanism of
Behavioral Compensation Following Spinal Cord Lesion in the
Frog
A.R. Blight and W. Precht (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 117
The Role Sprouting Might Play During the Recovery of Motor
Function
M.E. Goldberger (With 3 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130
Functional Synaptic Changes Caudal to Spinal Cord Transection
L.M. Mendell, S.G. Nelson, and T.C. Cope (With 2 Figures). . .. 141
lib. Recovery from Vestibular Lesions
Concepts of Vestibular Compensation
H. Flohr, H. Bienhold, W. Abeln, and I. Macskovics
(With 16 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153
An Ontogenetic Approach to Vestibular Compensation
Mechanisms
E. Hom (With 8 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173
Functional Restitution of Static and Dynamic Reflexes in the
Frog After Hemilabyrinthectomy
N. Dieringer and W. Precht (With 4 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 184
Aspects of Vestibular Compensation in Guinea Pigs
K.-P. Schaefer and D.L. Meyer (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . . . . .. 197
Supravestibular Control of Vestibular Compensation After
Hemilabyrinthectomy in the Cat
M. Jeannerod, J .H. Courjon, J .M. Flandrin, and R. Schmid
(With 8 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 208
Conren~ IX
Mechanisms of Compensation of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex
After Vestibular Neurotomy
W. Precht, C. Maioli, N. Dieringer, and S. Cochran
(With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221
The Influence of Unilateral Horizontal Semicircular Canal Plugs
on the Horizontal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex of the Rabbit
N.H. Barmack and V.E. Pettorossi (With 6 Figures) . . . . . . . .. 231
Vestibular Compensation: New Perspectives
M. Lacour and C. Xerri (With 6 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 240
The Lateral Reticular Nucleus.
Role in Vestibular Compensation
G.B. Azzena, E. Tolu, and O. Mameli (With 5 Figures) . . . . . .. 254
Drug Effects on Vestibular Compensation
H. Bienhold, W. Abeln, and H. Flohr (With 8 Figures) . . . . . .. 265
IIc. Plasticity in the Oculomotor System and CerebeUum
Long-Term Effects of Dove Prism Vision on Torsional VOR and
Head-Eye Coordination
A. Berthoz, G. Melvill Jones, and A. Begue (With 2 Figures) 277
Adaptive Modification in Brainstem Pathways During
Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Recalibration
E.L. Keller and W. Precht (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 284
Adaptive Plasticity in the Oculomotor System
D.A. Robinson and L.M. Optican (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . .. 295
Differential Roles of the Climbing and Mossy Fiber Visual
Pathways in Vision-Guided Modification of the Vestibulo-Ocular
Reflex
Y. Miyashita (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 305
Reorganization of the Cerebello-Cerebral Projection Following
Hemicerebellectomy or Cerebral Cortical Ablation
S. Kawaguchi and T. Yamamoto (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . .. 314
Locomotor Behavior After Cerebellar Lesions in the Young Rat
A. Gramsbergen (With 6 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324
x
Contents
lId. Plasticity in the Visual and Olfactory System
Reorganization of Retino-Geniculate Connections Mter Retinal
Lesions in the Adult Cat
U.Th. Eysel, F. Gonzalez-Aguilar, and U. Mayer (With 5 Figures) 339
Chronic Isolation of Visual Cortex Induces Reorganization of
Cortico-Cortical Connections
M. Holzgraefe, G. Teuchert, and J.R. Wolff (With 4 Figures) . .. 351
Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Responsiveness of Visual
Cortex Neurons Following Optic Chiasm Split in Cats
U. Yinon and A. Hammer (With 3 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 360
Modified Retinotectal Projection in Goldfish:
A Consequence of the Position of Retinal Lesions
Claudia Stiirmer (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 369
Functional and Morphological Changes in Fish Chemoreception
Systems Following Ablation of the Olfactory Bulbs
H.P. Zippel, W. Breipohl, and H. Schoon (With 8 Figures). . . .. 377
Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 395
Contributors
You will find the addresses at the beginning of the respective contribution
Abeln, W. 153,265 Horn,E. 173
Anzil, A.P. 38 Iacovitti, L. 87
Azzena, G.B. 254 Jeannerod, M. 208
Baker, R. 51 Joh, T.H. 87
Barmack, N.H. 231 Kawaguchi, S. 314
Begue, A. 277 Keller, E.L. 284
Bernstein, J .J. 75 Lacour, M. 240
Berthoz, A. 277 Lewis, E.R. 13
Bienhold, H. 153, 265 Lynch,G. 27
Bieser, A. 38 Macskovics, I. 153
Blight, A.R. 117 Maioli, C. 221
Breipohl, W. 377 Mameli, O. 254
Cochran, S. 221 Mayer, V. 339
Cope, T.C. 141 McCrea, R. 51
Cotman, C.W. 13 McQuarrie,I.G. 103
Courjon, J.H. 208 Melvill Jones, G. 277
Delgado-Garcia, J. 51 Mendell, L.M. 141
Dieringer, N. 184,221 Meyer, D.L. 197
Edwards, D.L. 103 Miyashita, Y. 305
Eysel, V.Th. 339 Nelson, S.G. 141
Flandrin, J .M. 208 Optican, L.M. 295
Flohr, H. 153,265 Pettorossi, V.E. 231
Forman, D.S. 103 Precht,W. 117,184,221,284
FUjito, Y. 64 Rager,G. 3
Gall, C. 27 Reis, D.J. 87
Ganchrow, D. 75 Robinson, D.A. 295
Gilad, G. 87 Ross, R.A. 87
Goldberger, M.E. 130 Schaefer, K.-P. 197
Gonzalez-Aguilar, F. 339 Schmid, R. 208
Grafstein, B. 103 Schoon, H. 377
Gramsbergen, A. 324 StUrmer, C. 369
Hammer, A. 360 Teuchert, G. 351
Hand,D. 13 Tolu, E. 254
Holzgraefe, M. 351 Tsukahara, N. 64