Christopher Hill Pelican Books Lenin and the Russian Revolution Christopher Hill was educated at St Peter's School, York, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he received a ‘first' in modern history in 1934. That year he was also made a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. In 1936 he was assistant lecturer in modern history at University College, Cardiff, and two years later tutor in modem history at Balliol. During his war service he had a variety of posts: Field Security Police, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, Intelligence Corps and the Foreign Office. He returned to Oxford in 1945 and from 1958 until 1965 was university lecturer in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century history. He was Ford Lecturer in English History in 1962. From 1965-78 he was Master of Balliol College. In 1978 he became Visiting Professor at the Open University. In 1965 he was made D. Litt., Oxon. Dr Hill, a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and of the British Academy, was a member of the editorial board of Past and Present (1952-68), and since 1961 of the Yale University Press edition of the Complete Prose of John Milton. He was made Hon. DXitt. of Hull in 1966; of Sheffield in 1967; of East Anglia in 1968; and of Glasgow and Bristol, 1976. His publications include The English Revolution (1940), Economic Problems of the Church (1956)» Puritanism and Revolution (1958), The Century of Revolution (1961), Society and Puritanism in Pre-Revolutionary England (1964)» Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution (1965), Reformation to Industrial Revolution (1967), which is Volume 2 in the series The Pelican Economic History of Britain, God’s Englishman: Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution (1970), Antichrist in 17th Century England (1971), The World Turned Upside Down (1972), Change and Continuity in 17th Century England (1974), and Milton and the English Revolution (1977) which won the Royal Society of Literature Award. He also contributed to Rebels and their Causes, a collection of essays to celebrate the seventy-fifth birthday of A.L. Morton. Dr Hill has travelled in Europe generally, in Japan and India and in the U.S.A. He is married, with three children. Christopher H ill Lenin and the Russian Revolution Penguin Books Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England Penguin Books, 625 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, U.S.A. Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 2801 John Street, Markham, Ontario, Canada L3R 1B4 Penguin Books (N.Z.) Ltd, 182—190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand First published in the ‘Teach Yourself History’ series by The English University Press 1947 Published in Pelican Books 1971 Reprinted 1978, 1980, 1982 Copyright © Christopher Hill, 1971 All rights reserved Set, printed and bound in Great Britain by Cox & Wyman Ltd, Reading Set in Linotype Pilgrim Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser to Dona Torr