Lenguage Policy Report 2015

147 Pages·2017·5.58 MB·English

cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüísti-
ca • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la
llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius
d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques
Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús •
Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans
educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques
Language
lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot
Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment
de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua
Policy Report
•Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn •
Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques
• Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús •
Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment
de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat
Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment
de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projec-
ció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del
català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística •
Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques •
Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús •
Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior
•Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.
cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística
•Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polí-
tiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Fo2me0nt1 de5 l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català •
Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Im-
mersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per
la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot
•Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment
de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.
cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüísti-
ca • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua
Generalitat of Catalunya
Ministry of Culture
Summary
The current language situation 5 Sign language in Catalan (LSC) 103
Language knowledge among the population 6 Promotion of knowledge
Language use among the population 12 of Catalan sign language 103
Language in the socioeconomic world 14
Language use in the media and ICT 19 Occitan; Aranese in Val d’Aran 107
Language use in cultural industries 23 The language situation of Aranese Occitan 107
Language use in education 26 Promoting knowledge of Aranese 113
The Justice Administration 33 Encouraging the use of Aranese 115
Government action 39 The legal framework 119
Promotion of knowledge of Catalan 40 Legislation corresponding to 2015 119
Certificates of Catalan knowledge 50 Jurisdictional action 124
Tools and services for language quality 53 Pending regulations 127
Fostering the use of Catalan 58 Other Catalan-speaking regions:
regulatory changes 128
Language rights 79
Annexes 131
International exposure 81
Budget 132
The teaching of Catalan abroad 81
Institutional structure 139
Collaboration with other Catalan-speaking territories 87
Activities in the Spanish State 100
Involvement in European organisations 101
{
The language situation
35.26 % of the adult population 94.3 % of the population aged Catalan features on 30 % of the The average use of Catalan
of Catalonia was born over 15 understand Catalan websites of major brands and on university degree courses
elsewhere: 17 % abroad and and 80.4 % are able to speak it. 60 % of their customer helplines. is 75 %. On Master's courses
18.26 % in the rest of Spain. this figure is 54.5 %.
Terres de l’Ebre, the Ponent The radio is the medium
63.6 % of the Catalan region, the High Pyrenees and through which Catalan is most The proportion of court rulings
population is concentrated Aran, the central counties and widely used, with 64.1 % of in Catalan is 8.4 %. County
in the Metropolitan Area of Girona are the areas with the listeners. courts issue the most rulings
Barcelona. highest knowledge of Catalan. in Catalan, at 23 %.
The use of websites in Catalan
The Metropolitan Area 662,300 people have has increased by 7 points. The level of agreement for
of Barcelona and Camp de other native languages than language unification across the
Attendance of shows in Catalan
Tarragona are the areas with the Catalan and Spanish. seven Catalan-speaking regions
has increased by 6 points.
largest number of people born is 80 %.
The use of oral language for
outside Catalonia. The average grade achieved
business exceeds 90 % in 99.2 % of the population born in
by secondary school students
Tortosa, and 80 % in Girona Val d’Aran understand Aranese
is close to 70 % for Catalan,
and Lleida. Occitan.
{ Spanish, English and French.
Education
Community education plans 70,946 people enrolled More than 60,000 queries on the 189 examinees for Catalan
have reached 302,954 students. for CPNL courses in 159 language learning certificate exams in Madrid.
localities. search engine.
657 language-learning and 1,791 students on the online
cultural activities for newly- 64.7 % of the people who signed 526 Catalan students on the Aranese course since 2010.
arrived students and families. up for the Consortium courses Work Insertion Programme,
New online courses as an
as a whole were born abroad. 1,622 from the hospitality
5,915 students on Catalan introduction to the Occitan
sector on CPNL courses and
courses run by universities Parla.cat: 41,293 new language and culture.
1,112 hours of training at local
and 1,211 university students enrolments
economic promotion centres. 47 centres of excellence
on Parla.cat. and 549 tutored courses.
for students with hearing
13,862 people have obtained
INTERCAT, the platform of 207,762 people have registered impairments. 7 centres offering
Catalan certificates. Since 2002,
online resources for university on Parla.cat since 2008. bilingual LSC (Catalan Sign
261,826 have been issued
students from outside Language) - Catalan within
144,945 visits to Parla.cat from
Catalonia: 145,208 users. 6,203 students of Catalan compulsory education.
other parts of Spain.
language and culture at 148
Nearly 1.7 million people have 31 students at Pompeu Fabra
211,298 visits to Aula Mestra, foreign universities.
learnt Catalan through the University (UPF) taking the
from 86 different countries.
CPNL. course in Catalan sign language
Over 3,000 activities for creating for their Applied Languages
courses on Aula Mestra. degree.
{
Fostering use
13,500,000 searches on Optimot, 1,814 activities to promote VxL, The Jocs en català (Games Around 7.3 million visits
the online language reference with 63,791 participants. in Catalan) app gives access to to the language policy websites.
service. nearly 600 games in Catalan.
745,961 viewers of cinema in 561 requests to the Language
40 million words translated by Catalan. Agafa el micro.cat, (Grab the Guarantees Office.
the automatic translation tool mike.cat), online karaoke with
232 films and 23 series subtitled Agreement between TERMCAT
of the Generalitat de Catalunya music in Catalan.
in Catalan on Canal+ plus 112 and the Terminology
(Government of Catalonia).
films subtitled in Catalan at 1,314 legal professionals took Coordination Unit of the
New web page on place names Texas Cinemas. courses in Catalan and legal European Parliament.
at Llengua.gencat.cat terminology.
Over 1,000 hours of programmes A new study examines
106 online terminology dubbed into Catalan by TVC Language programmes in youth the concept of an official
dictionaries at TERMCAT and (Catalan Television). detention centres. language in State constitutions
over 112,000 new terminology in greater depth.
VOSCdb, a new information Support for 70 projects that
entries.
database of films subtitled in foster the use of Catalan A new award recognises
2,359 accreditations on the Catalan. instigated by organisations. individuals, organizations and
Register of sworn translators initiatives that promote Catalan
Support for 41 projects in 171 organizations make up the
and interpreters. sign language.
Catalan for business and a new Census of Organisations that
Over 100,000 language pairs line of subsidies for translating promote the Catalan language. The 8th Occitan Film Festival
through VxL (Language non-literary works. was held in 34 locations.
The project T’agradarà llegir en
Volunteering) since 2003.
965 accords and agreements català was instigated in health Constitution of the Institut
4,678 organizations and between the CPNL and the centre waiting rooms. d’Estudis Aranesi (Institute of
establishments collaborating socioeconomic sector. Aranese Studies), the official
The exhibition Catalan, a
with VxL. language academy of Aranese
«El teu web, també en català!», European language toured 51
Occitan.
a campaign directed at SMEs different towns.
to increase the virtual use of the
{
language.
Legal framework
Act 1/2015, of 5 February 2015, The Constitutional Court • A ct 22/2010, of 20 July 2010, The Commission of Ministers
on the Special Regime of Aran: has yet to issue a ruling on the on the Consumer Code and the Commission of
provides Aran with general claims against linguistic aspects of Catalonia. Experts of the Council of
protection as a national reality of the following Catalan acts: • A ct 20/2010, of 7 July 2010, Europe reiterated Spain’s
with its own personality, • A ct 12/2009, of 10 July 2009, on the Film Industry. failure to comply with the
which is separate from and on Education. • A ct 10/2010, of 7 May 2010, on recommendations on the use
complements the language of the Catalan language and
• A ct 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, the reception of immigrants
regulation of Act 35/2010, of recognized new violations of the
on Occitan, Aranese in Aran. and returnees to Catalonia.
1 October 2010, on Occitan, European Charter for Regional
Aranese in Aran. or Minority Languages.
The current language situation
The first part of the Language Policy Report presents the figures on the current situation of the
language in Catalan society, this information being essential for designing and monitoring the
language policies implemented by the Catalan Government.
Firstly, the Report provides general data on the knowledge and use of Catalan and other lan-
guages in Catalonia. Secondly, it describes the indicators available on the linguistic situation in var-
ious social and business sectors.
In the case of general data, the main sources are the most recent Population Census, which was
carried out in 2011, and the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large, the most recent of
which is from 2013. The Reports on Language Policy of the last few years have presented the main
data from these two sources. This year we are also including data that offers a more regionalized
vision of the current situation of the language.
With regard to the different social and business sectors, the indicators have been updated and
new indicators have been added such as the availability and use of Catalan by major brands and in
information and communication technologies.
5 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2015
Language The population of Catalonia Foreign population* by country 2015
knowledge
The total population of Catalonia in 2015 was 7,508,106 inhabitants. Of these, more than half (64.7 %,
country % of total
among the 4,857,555) were born in Catalonia; 1,370,930 (18.26 %) were born elsewhere in Spain, and 1,279,621
population foreign
population were born abroad (17 %). These percentages have remained relatively stable over the last four years. population

Morocco 214,250 20.8 %
Romania 93,668 9.1 %
Population place China 51,510 5.0 %
1981 1986 1991 1996 2003 2008 2013 2014 2015
of birth. 1981-2015 Italy 48,733 4.7 %
1.5 % 1.7 % 1.7 % 2.8 % 9.3 % 16.4 % 17.5 % 17.2 % 17.0 %
Pakistan 42,787 4.2 %
100 %
34.4 % 32.3 % 30.8 % 28.8 % Bolivia 35,376 3.4 %
90 % 24.7 %
80 % 20.9 % 18.8 % 18.5 % 18.3 % France 31,654 3.1 %
70 % Ecuador 31,590 3.1 %
67.5 % 68.4 %
60 % 63.4 % 65.9 % 66.0 % 62.8 % 63.7 % 64.3 % 64.7 % Colombia 25,716 2.5 %
Born in Catalonia
50 % Russia 21,319 2.1 %
40 % Honduras 21,314 2.1 %
Born in the rest of Spain 30 % Senegal 19,889 1.9 %
20 %
India 19,255 1.9 %
10 %
Peru 19,169 1.9 %
Born abroad 0 %
Germany 19,155 1.9 %
Source: Idescat. Ongoing population census.
Dominican
Republic 19,090 1.9 %
United Kingdom 19,022 1.9 %
The foreign Spanish-speaking population of Catalonia is 229,624 people and represents 22.3 %
Ukraine 18,542 1.8 %
—two percentage points less than in 2014— of the total population of foreign nationals.
Argentina 18,429 1.8 %
Brazil 16,146 1.6 %
Other countries 241,455 23.5 %
TOTAL 1,028,069 100 %
*Population with foreign nationality.
Source: Idescat. Ongoing population. census.
6 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2015
Population by region {
The population of Catalonia is unequally distributed between the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona
and the rest of the territory. Thus 4,776,107 people live in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, ac- 63.6 % {
A total of
counting for more than half the population of Catalonia (63.6 %). None of the other regional areas
of the population of
represents more than 10 % of the total population in Catalonia. The most populated areas are the
Catalonia is concentrated
counties of Girona, which account for 9.8 % of the total population, followed by Camp de Tarragona
in the Metropolitan Area
(6.8 %) and the Penedès region (6.2 %). The central counties (5.3 %), the Ponent region (4.8 %), Terres
of Barcelona
de l’Ebre (2.4 %) and the High Pyrenees and Aran (1 %) are the areas with the smallest populations.
Population by region.
2015
Metropolitan Area 4,776,107
Counties of Girona 738,682
Camp de Tarragona 512,300
Penedès 464,285
Central counties 397,038
Ponent region 363,783
Terres de l’Ebre 182,867
High Pyrenees 73,044
and Aran
0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000
Source: Idescat. Ongoing population census.
7 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2015
{
Origin of population by region
One of the most significant aspects in language use is the place of birth. With regard to origin, the cen- The Metropolitan Area
tral counties (75.3 %, 298,836 people) and Terres de l’Ebre (73.4 %, 134,282) have a higher proportion and Camp de Tarragona
{
of people born within Catalonia, around 10 percentage points above the proportion of Catalan-born are the areas with the
highest number
people in the region as a whole (64.7 %). Meanwhile, the counties of Girona have a foreign-born
population (21.1 %, 155,678) almost five percentage points above the regional average (17 %). of residents
The Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (20.3 %, 970,089) and Camp de Tarragona (19.6 %, 100,180) are the
born outside
areas with the highest number of people born in the rest of Spain, though this proportion is not much
higher than that of the rest of the region. Catalonia
Distribution of
population by place Catalonia
of birth and region. 64.7 % 18.3 % 17.0 %
2015
Central counties
75.3 % 12.2 % 12.5 %
Terres de l’Ebre
73.4 % 9.3 % 17.3 %
Ponent region
70.0 % 11.4 % 18.5 %
High Pyrenees and
Aran 69.1 % 13.6 % 17.3 %
Penedès 68.0 % 18.1 % 14.0 %
Catalonia
Counties of Girona 65.4 % 13.5 % 21.1 %
Camp de Tarragona 63.2 % 19.6 % 17.3 %
Rest of Spain
Metropolitan Area 62.7 % 20.3 % 16.9 %
0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %
Abroad
Source: Idescat. Ongoing population census.
8 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2015
{
Knowledge of Catalan: evolution across the region as a whole
The most recent reliable data on knowledge of Catalan come from the Language Census (2011) and
the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large (2013). These data, which have already been The implementation of
presented in previous Language Policy Reports, largely show spectacular growth in terms of both Catalan in the educational
percentages and absolute numbers in Catalan speakers between 1981 and 2013 as a result of various system and the public
factors, most notably the widespread implementation of Catalan in the educational system and the administration, the
public administration, adult education classes in Catalan, the promotional efforts of the Consortium promotional efforts of the
for Language Normalisation, and the consolidation of the general media in Catalan. CPNL and the consolidation
of the media in Catalan
key to
have been {
Knowledge the growth of
of Catalan. 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2007 2011 2013 Catalan use
1981- 2011
100 %
People aged 2+. since 1981
2013. 15 years 90 % 93.8 % 95.0 % 94.5 % 93.8 % 95.2 % 9842..34 %%
90.3 % 79.1 %
and over 75.6 %
75.3 % 74.5 %
80 %
79.8 % 68.3 % 80.4 %
70 % 64.0 % 72.4 % 74.3 % 73.0 % 73.2 %
67.6 %
60 %
Understands 60.5 % 60.4 %
56.3 %
55.8 %
50 %
Can speak it 49.8 %
45.8 %
40 %
Can read it
39.9 %
Can write it 30 % 31.5 %
Source: drawn up by DGPL, based on data from Idescat (1986 to 2011).
Survey of Language Use of the Public at Large 2013 (aged 15 and over).
The 2013 Survey showed that the population growth sparked by the surge in immigration be-
tween 2003 and 2013 led to a slight tailing off in percentage terms: 2.2 points for people who under-
stand it, 6.6 points for those who speak it, and 1.6 points for those who can write the language. In
absolute figures, however, there was an increase of 475,800 in the number of people who can speak
Catalan, 443,700 in those who can understand it, and 472,500 in those who can write it.
9 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2015
Catalan knowledge in the different regions {
A regional analysis of Catalan knowledge based on the data from the Survey of Language Use Among
Terres de l’Ebre, the
the Public at Large in 2013 reveals two main segments, which is also reflected in the use of the lan-
Ponent region, the High
guage. One segment is made up of the regions of Terres de l’Ebre, Ponent, the High Pyrenees and
Pyrenees and Aran,
Aran, the central counties and Girona, which show high usage percentages that are above the average
the central counties{
for Catalonia as a whole. The dynamic is different when it comes to the coastal strip, which includes
and Girona are the areas
the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, the Penedès region and Camp de Tarragona, where the percent-
with the highest
ages are generally lower. knowledge
of Catalan
Comparison
between first knowledge first language identification habitual
of catalan catalan with catalan language catalan
language,
identification Barcelona city 74.10 % 32.50 % 35.6 % 34.6 %
language, habitual Rest of the metropolitan area 68.50 % 22.60 % 25.2 % 24.2 %
language and
Counties of Girona 79.30 % 47.40 % 50.2 % 51.6 %
knowledge of
Camp de Tarragona 71.40 % 37.30 % 38.8 % 38.7 %
Catalan by region.
Terres de l’Ebre 85.10 % 70.90 % 71.6 % 74.0 %
2013
Ponent region 82.70 % 55.90 % 57.1 % 62.0 %
Central counties 85.40 % 52.90 % 59.5 % 63.4 %
High Pyrenees and Aran 83.00 % 54.50 % 60.8 % 61.4 %
Penedès 74.30 % 35.30 % 38.3 % 35.8 %
Catalonia 73.50 % 33.70 % 36.6 % 36.4 %
Source: EULP. People aged 15+. DGPL and Idescat.
10 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2015