Lemberg, Lwów, L’viv, 1914-1947 : violence and ethnicity in a contested city PDF
Preview Lemberg, Lwów, L’viv, 1914-1947 : violence and ethnicity in a contested city
Lemberg, Lwów, L’viv, 1914‒1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City Central European Studies Charles Ingrao, founding editor Gary B. Cohen, editor Howard Louthan, editor Franz A. J. Szabo, editor Daniel L. Unowsky, editor Lemberg, Lwów, L’viv, 1914‒1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City Christoph Mick Purdue University Press West Lafayette, Indiana Copyright 2016 by Purdue University. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Licensed edition with permission from Otto Harrassowitz publishing company, Wiesbaden © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden, 2011. The translation of this work was funded by Geisteswissenschaften Interna- tional—Translation Funding for Humanities and Social Sciences from Germany, a joint initiative of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the German Federal Foreign Office, the collecting society VG WORT and the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (German Publishers & Booksellers Association). Cataloging-in-Publication data on file at the Library of Congress. Mick, Christoph, author. [Kriegserfahrungen in einer multiethnischen Stadt. English] Lemberg, Lwów, L’viv, 1914-1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City / by Christoph Mick. pages cm.—(Central European studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-55753-671-6 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-61249-391-6 (epdf) ISBN 978-1-61249-392-3 (epub) 1. L’viv (Ukraine)—History—20th century. 2. World War, 1914-1918—Ukraine—L’viv. 3. World War, 1939-1945—Ukraine—L’viv. 4. Jews—Ukraine—L’viv. 5. L’viv (Ukraine)—Ethnic relations. I. Title. DK508.95.L86M53513 2016 947.7’9—dc23 2015027352 Cover image: Austrian postcard from 1915, commemorating the reconquest of L’viv, June 22, 1915. To Helen Contents Foreword ix Preface xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: World War I 17 Chapter 3: The Fight for the City 137 Chapter 4: Reconstruction and Remembrance, 1920–1939 209 Chapter 5: World War II 259 Chapter 6: Conclusion 373 Appendix: Maps 379 Acronyms 383 Bibliography 387 Index 427 Foreword The territories of today’s Baltic states, western Belarus, and western Ukraine have had a particularly complex and, at times, troubled history over the last one hundred years. They belonged to the Tsarist and Habsburg empires before 1914 and saw much fighting and repeated changes in political control during and just after World War I. During the 1920s and 1930s they were governed by the inde- pendent Baltic and Polish republics, and then after autumn 1939 experienced new devastating warfare and shifted back and forth between Nazi and Soviet con- trol. After 1945 they all fell under the rule of the Soviet Union, which imposed on them its political, economic, and social systems. Christoph Mick’s book tells a compelling story of how the inhabitants— Catholic Poles, Catholic and Orthodox Ukrainians, Jews, and others—in the old capital of Austrian Galicia experienced the traumas of the two world wars and the successive sweeping political changes. This book originated as a Habilitation the- sis for the University of Tübingen and was initially published by Otto Harrasowitz Verlag in 2010 as Kriegserfahrungen in einer Multiethnischen Stadt: Lemberg, 1914-1947 [War Experiences in a Multiethnic City: Lemberg/Lwów/L’viv, 1914- 1947]. This English version represents a revised and shortened version of the Ger- man volume. It is a study of great originality based on a large body of archival research in L’viv, Kiev, Warsaw, and Moscow as well as a wealth of contemporary printed sources and scholarly studies. In Mick’s accounting, political control over the city changed hands some seven times between 1914 and 1947. Before World War I, there were serious political and social tensions among Poles, Ukrainians/ Ruthenians, and Jews in Lemberg/Lwów/L’viv, but only limited and infrequent violence. The changes of control over the city during the war led to new power relations, increased inter-group frictions, and episodes of shocking violence. After a brief period of Ukrainian rule, incorporation into an independent Polish Re- public in late November 1918 led to intensified civil conflict and new large-scale attacks on Jews. Over the next two decades, the Polish government tried to sup- press Ukrainian nationalism in the city and the surrounding region and persecuted ix
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