Table Of Content

Prakash Muthu Arjuna Samy Anandan Ramasamy Viswanathan Chinnusamy B. Sunil Kumar Editors Legumes: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Abiotic Stress Tolerance Legumes: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Abiotic Stress Tolerance (cid:129) Prakash Muthu Arjuna Samy (cid:129) Anandan Ramasamy (cid:129) Viswanathan Chinnusamy B. Sunil Kumar Editors Legumes: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Abiotic Stress Tolerance Editors PrakashMuthuArjunaSamy AnandanRamasamy DepartmentofGeneticsand DepartmentofGeneticsandPlantBreeding PlantBreeding AnnamalaiUniversity AnnamalaiUniversity AnnamalaiNagar,TamilNadu,India AnnamalaiNagar,TamilNadu,India ViswanathanChinnusamy B.SunilKumar DivisionofPlantPhysiology DepartmentofGeneticsandPlantBreeding IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute AnnamalaiUniversity NewDelhi,India AnnamalaiNagar,TamilNadu,India ISBN978-981-19-5816-8 ISBN978-981-19-5817-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5817-5 #TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingapore PteLtd.2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Legumesarecommonlyreferredtoas“poorman’smeat”andplayasignificantrole in balanced diet. They constitute the primary source of protein, oil, fiber, and micronutrients for both human beings and livestock. They also have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which is crucial for crop production. Legumes occupy third place after cereals and oilseeds in terms of global production. They have a significantimpactontheenvironment,agriculture,animalandhumannutrition,and health.Legumesaresusceptible toawiderangeofabiotic stresses,includingcold, drought,ultravioletlight, hightemperatures, mineral toxicityanddeficiency,salin- ity,andalkalinity.Hence,theyieldoflegumeisdrasticallyaffectedbytheseabiotic stresses. These limitations could be facilitated by using recent biotechnological techniques like molecular marker-assisted breeding, gene pyramiding, transgenic breeding, somaclonal variation, in vitro mutagenesis, in vitro selection, transgenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. It is essential to comprehend how plantsreacttotheseabioticstressesinordertocreatenewcroptypesthataremore suitedtoharshenvironmentalcircumstances. This book offers a thorough overview of the agronomical, physiological, and molecularbasisofplantresponsestoabioticstresses.Thisbookincludes15chapters covering most of the legume crops and gives a complete description of plant responses to various environmental stresses. It is intended for academics, technologists, policy makers, and undergraduate and postgraduate students inter- estedinplantphysiologyandmolecularbiologyforsustainableagriculturalproduc- tion. This book is an important contribution to agricultural college and university librariesandresearchcentersatstateandnationallevels,whereplantphysiologyand agricultural and horticultural science are being taught. We wholeheartedly thank every author who contributed their valuable chapters for the excellent outcome of thisbook.Weareincrediblythankfultothepublisher,SpringerNature,forassisting ustopublishglobally. AnnamalaiNagar,TamilNadu,India PrakashMuthuArjunaSamy AnnamalaiNagar,TamilNadu,India AnandanRamasamy NewDelhi,India ViswanathanChinnusamy AnnamalaiNagar,TamilNadu,India B.SunilKumar v Contents 1 PhysiologyandMolecularBiologyofAbioticStressTolerance inLegumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 R.Anandan,B.SunilKumar,M.Prakash,andC.Viswanathan 2 HarnessingGeneticVariationinPhysiologicalandMolecular TraitstoImproveHeatToleranceinFoodLegumes. . . . . . . . . . . . 27 PoonamDevi,ShikhaChaudhary,AnjaliBhardwaj,ManuPriya, UdayJha,AdityaPratap,ShivKumar, HanumanthaRaoBindumadahva,InderjitSingh,SarvjeetSingh, P.V.VaraPrasad,KadambotH.M.Siddique,andHarshNayyar 3 TraitsAssociatedwithDroughtandHigh-TemperatureStress andItsAssociatedMechanismsinLegumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 M.Djanaguiraman,B.Rakavi,andP.Jeyakumar 4 EpigeneticsofAbioticStressToleranceinLegumes. . . . . . . . . . . . 89 GyanP.Mishra,HarshK.Dikshit,JyotiDevi,MuraleedharS.Aski, andKumarDurgesh 5 MorphophysiologicalandMolecularDiversityinMungBean (VignaradiataL.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 RakeshPathak,PoojaPanchariya,ManojChoudhary, KantilalSolanki,ReenaRani,R.K.Kakani,andRajwantK.Kalia 6 MolecularCharacterizationandMappingofStressResistance GenesUsingSNPPlatforminLegumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 KandiahPakeerathan 7 GenomicsofAbioticStressinRicebean(Vignaumbellata). . . . . . . 189 A.Karthikeyan,V.G.Renganathan,M.Pandiyan,andN.Senthil 8 GeneticsandGenomicsofDroughtandHeatTolerance inCowpea,MungBeanandBlackGram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 DhanasekarPunniyamoorthyandSouframanienJegadeesan vviiii viii Contents 9 CurrentandFutureStrategiesinBreedingLentilforAbiotic Stresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 MuraleedharS.Aski,HarshK.Dikshit,GyanPrakashMishra,Prachi S.Yadav,MirAsifIquebal,Sarika,RuchiBansal,Gayacharan, AkanshaSingh,ShivKumar,andSripadUdupa 10 MolecularandPhysiologicalApproachesforEffective ManagementofDroughtinBlackGram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 M.Pandiyan,M.Sivaji,M.Yuvaraj,A.Krishnaveni,C.Sivakumar, andE.Jamuna 11 AbioticStressResponsesinGroundnut(ArachishypogaeaL.): MechanismsandAdaptations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 M.K.Kalarani,A.Senthil,S.Punitha,S.Sowmyapriya, M.Umapathi,andV.Geethalakshmi 12 MolecularMechanismsofNutrientDeficiencyStressTolerance inLegumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 SandeepSharma,NehaAnand,KrishnapriyaVengavasi, andRenuPandey 13 StressMemoryandItsMitigationviaResponsesThrough PhysiologicalandBiochemicalTraitsinMungBeanUnder MoistureStress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 B.SunilKumar,K.R.Saravanan,P.Sudhakar,R.Anandan, G.Sathiyanarayanan,J.Gokulakrishnan,andM.Prakash 14 GeneticEngineeringforEnhancingAbioticStressTolerance inPulses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 PrateekSingh,ShalluThakur,SudhirKumar,BiswajitMondal, MeenalRathore,andAlokDas 15 AluminumToxicityToleranceinFoodLegumes:Mechanisms, Screening,andInheritance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 JyotiTaunk,ChandanKumarSingh,DeeptiSingh, RamSewakSinghTomar,DharmendraSingh,andMadanPal Editors and Contributors About the Editors PrakashMuthuArjunaSamy,bornin1966,servedastheHeadoftheDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding from 2006 to 2012 and is presently serving as the Controller of Examinations, Annamalai University. He has put in 29 years of teaching, research, and extension service. He has guided 8 Ph.D. scholars and 25 PG scholars. He has published more than 150 research papers, 10 books, and 15 book chapters. He has organized 3 international and 15 national seminars/ conferences and completed 5 research projects. He has earned the status of Departmental Research Support of University Grants Commission (UGC-SAP- DRS) with a financial assistance of Rs. 50 lakhs at phase I (2009–2014) and Rs.1.025croreatphaseII(2015–2020)levelasProgrammeCoordinator. He was awarded with the National Merit Scholarship, Government of India, during 1981–1988; ICAR Junior Fellowship during 1988–1990; J.J. Chinoy Gold MedalAwardin2017;Dr.B.P.PalMemorialNABSBestScientistAwardin2017; BestResearcher(Publication)Prizein2016–2017,2018–2019,and2021;Fellowof Indian Society of Plant Physiology, New Delhi, in 2015; Fellow of National Academy of Biological Sciences, Chennai, in 2015; and Fellow of National Envi- ronmentalScienceAcademy,NewDelhi,in2016. Anandan Ramasamy is presently working as the Assistant Professor of Biotech- nology, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. He has 15 years of teaching and research experience in plant molecular biology and biotechnology. His areas of teaching and research include plant tissue culture, molecular marker, molecular biology, gene cloning, plant genetic engineering, and bioinformatics. He has implemented three research projects funded by the TNSCST, DST, and UGC-GDA-XII Plan Innovative Research (Co-PI). He has published more than 35 research papers in national and international journals, book chapters, and proceedings of seminars and organized twonationallevelworkshopsontechniquesinplantmolecularbiology. iixx x EditorsandContributors HehassupervisedmanystudentsattheM.Sc.(Ag.)levelfortheirdissertations. He has deposited several partially amplified sequences of DNA barcode in the NCBI database. He has also qualified ARS/CSIR NET examination in the year 2009.Hehasservedassessionchairman/rapporteurandinvitedspeakerforseveral national conferences/seminars. He has also received best researcher award by the AnnamalaiUniversity in 2007,2012,2016, and 2019 and severalother awardsto his credit. He was instrumental in establishing the molecular marker laboratory fromthegrantsanctionedbytheUGC-SAP,DST-FIST,PURSE,andRUSAduring 2012–2019. Viswanathan Chinnusamy is the Principal Scientist and Head, Division of Plant Physiology,attheICAR-IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute(IARI),NewDelhi. He completed his B.Sc. Agriculture from AC&RI (TNAU), Killikulam, and M.Sc. andPh.D.fromtheIndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute,NewDelhi.Hecarriedout hispostdoctoralresearchattheUniversityofArizona,Tucson,USA;Universityof CaliforniaRiverside,USA;andHarvardUniversity,Boston,USA. HejoinedAgriculturalResearchServicein1996attheIARI,NewDelhi.Hehas 26yearsofresearchandteachingexperienceinplantphysiology.Hehaspublished about 175 peer-reviewed publications with total citations >17,000. He has contributed to the state-of-the-art research facilities, namely Nanaji Deshmukh PlantPhenomicsCentreandDiscoveryCentreattheIARI,NewDelhi.Hiscurrent research interest includes phenomics, genetic engineering, and genome editing for deciphering the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance and developing climate- resilientcrops. Dr. Chinnusamy is a Fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences andtheIndianSocietyforPlantPhysiology.HeisalsotheHonorarySecretaryofthe Indian Society for Plant Physiology and has been the Executive Editor of Plant PhysiologyReportsfrom2019. B.SunilKumar servingastheAssociateProfessorintheDepartmentofGenetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, obtained M.Sc. (Ag.) in Genetics and Plant Breeding and Ph.D. in Agricultural Botany from the Annamalai University. He had cleared Agricultural Research Service (ARS)/National Eligibility Test (NET) in 2001. He is actively involved in cutting-edge research in biotic stress management in legume crops, especially in mung bean and urdbean at biometric, biochemical, biophysical, and molecularlevels. He had operated 3 national level projects and published more than 60 research publicationsinpeer-reviewedjournals.Hehas4booksand15bookchapterstohis credit and has received 6 awards including Best Researcher Award, Outstanding ScientistAward,etc.Hehasalsoorganizedmanyinternational/nationalconferences and workshops. He is a life member and serving as a subject matter specialist/ committeememberinvariousjournalsandacademicboards. EditorsandContributors xi Contributors Neha Anand Mineral Nutrition Lab, Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian AgriculturalResearchInstitute,NewDelhi,India R. Anandan Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, AnnamalaiUniversity,AnnamalaiNagar,TamilNadu,India Muraleedhar S. Aski Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute,NewDelhi,India RuchiBansal PlantPhysiology,ICAR-IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute,New Delhi,India AnjaliBhardwaj DepartmentofBotany,PunjabUniversity,Chandigarh,India HanumanthaRaoBindumadahva Dr.MarriChannaReddyFoundation(MCRF), Hyderabad,Telangana,India ShikhaChaudhary DepartmentofBotany,PunjabUniversity,Chandigarh,India Manoj Choudhary ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,India Alok Das Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research,Kanpur,UttarPradesh,India JyotiDevi ICAR-IndianInstituteofVegetableResearch,Varanasi,India PoonamDevi DepartmentofBotany,PunjabUniversity,Chandigarh,India HarshK.Dikshit DivisionofGenetics,ICAR-IndianAgriculturalResearchInsti- tute,NewDelhi,India M. Djanaguiraman Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore,TamilNadu,India KumarDurgesh ICAR-IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute,NewDelhi,India Gayacharan Germplasm Evaluation Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Geneticresources,NewDelhi,India V.Geethalakshmi TamilNaduAgriculturalUniversity,Coimbatore,TamilNadu, India J. Gokulakrishnan Departmentof Genetics andPlant Breeding, Faculty of Agri- culture,AnnamalaiUniversity,AnnamalaiNagar,TamilNadu,India Mir Asif Iquebal Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricul- turalStatisticsResearchInstitute,NewDelhi,India E. Jamuna Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Tiruvannamalai,TamilNadu,India