丝路秘宝：阿富汗国家博物馆珍品; Legendary Treasures of the Silk Road: Precious Collections from the National Museum of Afghanistan

275 Pages·2017·22.295 MB·Chinese; English

by  敦煌研究院, Dunhuang Academy

LEGENDARY TREASUES
OF THE SILK ROAD
PRECIOUS COLLECTIONS FROM
THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFGHANISTAN
丝路秘宝
阿富汗国家博物馆珍品
敦煌研究院编
Compiled by the Dmihang Academy
女伐着倚出版社
Culture and Art Publishing House
图书在版编目（cIP）数据
丝路秘宝：阿富汗国家博物馆珍品：汉、英/敦
煌研究院编.—北京：文化艺术出版社,2017.9
ISBN 978-7-5039-6208-0
I.①丝…11.①敦…DI.①历史文物-阿富汗-图
录 IV.（DK883.720.2
中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2017）第222415号
丝路秘宝
阿富汗国家博物馆珍品
编 者敦煌研究院
责任编辑金燕
装帧设计耕莘文化/焦泽亮杨微
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目录 004 敦煌研究院院长祝辞
王旭东
006 阿富汗信息文化部部长致辞
• H.E.
阿卜社尔•巴里•贾哈尼
008 前言
010 图版目录
图版
003 第一部分法罗尔丘地
009 第二部分阿伊哈努姆
045 第三部分 蒂拉丘地
155 第四部分 贝格拉姆与“丝绸之路“
233 专论
234 阿富汗国家博物馆
鸟玛拉汗•马苏迪
242 阿富汗：古代世界的十字路口
约翰•辛普森
252 后记
001
002
Foreword by Director of the Dunhuang Academy
CONTENTS 005
Wang Xudong
Foreword by Minister of Information and Culture,
007
The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
H.E. Abdul Bari Jahani
Preface
009
List of Plates
014
Plates
003 Part I Tepe FuUol
009 Part H Ai Khantim
045 PartUl Tillya Tepe
1 5 5 PartIV Begratn and "the Silk Road"
233 Essays
The National Museum of Afghanistan
238
Omarakhan Massoudi
Afghanistan: Crossroads of the Ancient World
o47
St John Simpson
Afterword
253
003
敦煌研究院院长祝辞
王旭东
阿富汗，“丝绸之路”的枢纽。无论从希腊到中国， 作为“丝绸之路”上的帀耍都会一敦煌，与阿富
还是从西亚、中亚、南亚直到远东的文化传播与商留往 汗有很多相似之处。在阿富汗珍贵的文物中，我们看到
来，曾几何时，都要途经阿富汗或者由阿富汗接力传递。 了古希腊罗马文明的痕迹，石到了印度文明的影响……
阿富汗，也是中国人睁眼召世界的第一个聚焦点。 多元文明的交汇，构成了一种博大的、丰富的个性。在
公元前2世纪，汉武帝派出伟大的外交家、探险家张 敦煌石窟中，也同样展现着古希腊、古印度的影响，以
骞出使西域，其最初便是要去今天的阿富汗寻找潜在的 及来自中亚、西亚的多种因素，其中也包含了古代阿富
盟友。 汗的文化元素，这些外来的因素与中国悠久的传统交
阿富汗与中国紧密相连，有悠久的交往历史。汉武 融，形成了敦煌石窟独特的艺术风格。
帝两次派逍张務出使西域，促逬了中国与阿富汗以及中 随和时代的变迁，文物宝藏的命运也都经历了兴衰
亚、西亚诸国的关系。古老的中西通道升华为承载Ff经 荣枯，这一点，敦煌文物和阿富汗宝藏也有着相似的命
济、政治、文化交流的“丝绸之路”，并从此改写和塑 运，守护“巴克特里亚宝藏”这样可歌可泣的故邢.同
造了本区域的文化史和世界文明史。敦煌也于玆勃勃 样也在敦煌文物保护史上屡见不鲜。
兴起，并与亚洲之心的众多川耍城市一起长期闪郴在“丝 阿寓汗文物宝藏展示出不同的文化在交流与互鉴
绸之路”上。 中兴盛与繁荣，展示了古代阿常汗人民的智意与非凡
今年在故宫博物院巡礼这批来自阿富汗国家博物 的创造力，是人类文明的结用，值得我们珍视和学习。
馆宝藏的时候，除了被震轴，更多了一份心愿，希型这 千百年来人类文化的发展表明：光明终将冲破黑暗，文
批丝路瑰宝有一天能回归“丝绸之路”，走进敦熄一 明必将战胜野蛮，交流开放也必须取代封闭保守。希望
古代中西方文化交流的十字路口，今天“一带一路”侶 我ri的共同努力，迎來“丝绸之路”的复兴，并在东方
议的节点城市。在阿富汗国家博物馆和敦煌研究院的共 与西方、古代与现代的交融中川放光彩，造福人类。
同努力下，这个愿望终于实现了。
004
Foreword by Director of the Dunhuang Academy
WangXudong
Afghanistan was a hub on "the Silk Road'*. Whether it was emy. this wish has now come true.
for cultural or commercial transmissions from Greece to China An important city along **the Silk Road" traffic. Dunhuang
or more broadly, from West Asia. Central Asia, and South Asia is very similar to Afghanistan. Among (he precious treasures
to the Far East, there was a time when people traveled through of Afghanistan, we can see traces of the Ancient Greeks and
or stayed in Afghanistan as a hub city. Romans, and we can even see the influence of India. The rich
Afghanistan was the first key junction from which Chinese convergence of all these diverse cultures has profound impli­
people broadened their horizons and explored the world. In the cations. Similarly, Dunhuang Caves contain artistic influences
second century BC. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty sent from Ancient Greece and Ancient India along with elements
the great diplomat and explorer Zhang Qian as an imperial from central Asia and western Asia. Traces of cultural ele­
envoy to the Western Regions. He was originally sent to seek ments from ancient Afghanistan may also be found in the Dun­
potential allies in present-day Afghanistan. huang Caves. These foreign factors mixed with long-standing
Due to their geographic proximity. Afghanistan and China Chinese traditions form the special artistic style of Dunhuang
have a long history of association. Emperor Wudi sent Zhang Caves.
Qian to the Western Regions twice to establish and promote As (imc passes, cultural treasures experience their own
the relationship between China and Afghanistan, which also rise and fall at the mercy of changing empires. More than any­
improved the relationships between China and other countries thing else, the cultural relics of Dunhuang and the treasures
in Central Asia and West Asia. This ancient passage between of Afghanistan share similarly fraught histories and uncertain
China and the West then expanded to become the economic, destinies. Moving stories such as protecting “The Treasure of
political, and cultural exchange known as “(he Silk Road". Bactria" arc also common in the conservation history of Dun­
This route of exchange reshaped the cultural history of the rc・ huang Cultural Relics.
gion along with lhe history of world civilization. The prosper­ The precious cultural relics from Afghanistan demonstrate
ity of Dunhuang was also directly related to this development. cultural prosperity as a result of cultural interchange and mu­
Dunhuang. along with many other important cities in the heart tual learning. Reflecting the extraordinary intelligence and
of Asia, glittered along “(he Silk Road" for many years. creativity of ancient Afghan people, the collection contains
This year, when we visited to (he Palace Museum in invaluable products of human civilization and deserves the
Beijing to view the treasures from the National Museum of study and esteem of all. The history of human development
Afghanistan, we were stunned by the collection. At that time, over hundreds of thousands of years tells the story of how the
our hearts also gave birth to a wish; we looked forward to the light of civilization breaks through the darkness of barbarity
day when these treasures could return to “the Silk Road" and and how open minds and exchanges of ideas defeat closed and
journey to Dunhuang —the crossroad for cultural exchange be・ conservative thoughts. We hope that our combined efforts to
tween China and the West and the nodal city in lhe present-day revive *,the Silk Road'' will also revive its glorious function
“One Belt. One Road*" proposal. With the concerted efforts of of exchange between the East and the West, the past and the
the National Museum of Afghanistan and the Dunhuang Acad­ present, for the benefit of mankind.
005
阿富汗信息文化部部长致辞
H.E.阿卜杜尔•巴里•贾哈尼
古代阿富汗犹如一块文化的“磁铁”，深深吸引来 我们需要复兴这些艺术，并借助国际伙伴的力量，保
自未知世界的财富，也招致各种势力对其施加影响。此 护和保存我们珍贵的历史遗产，我们已经为这个目标奋
次展览为阿富汗提供了一次契机，使我们能够向当代世 斗了多年。十几年来，我们举办了众多文化集会、文化
界证明上述论断。阿富汗伊斯兰共和国信息文化部很高 遗产活动和文化节日，制作了无数电视节目、音乐会和
兴能与中国大名鼎鼎的敦煌研究院及其所有同事幵展合 电台节目，采取措施保护各类历史古迹，这些足以证明
作，以直接或间接的方式，支持并主办本次精彩绝伦的 我们的决心。鉴于博物馆在20多年的战乱中严重受损，
展览活动，让中国人民一睹阿富汗丰富的宝藏。 我们已经利用国内外伙伴的特别支持，尤其是中国的大
阿富汗坐落于古代世界的十字路口，更处在“丝绸 力帮助，努力对博物馆加以修复，并面向国内外游客
之路”的心脏地带。这条历史意义重大的道路将中国、 开放。
印度、伊朗、中东和西方相连接。“丝路秘宝一阿富 文化遗产是阿富汗的身份和象征，为了后代人，我
汗国家博物馆珍品”展中，许多手工艺品的历史可追溯 们有责任对文化遗产予以保护。不幸的是，文化遗产依
至数千年前。古阿富汗的阿里亚、阿拉霍西亚和帕洛帕 旧面临威胁，因为我们国家的部分地区仍在遭受人为强
米萨达等地是当时主要的贸易和文化交流中心。这里曾 加的战争，这不但使人们颠沛流离，还让文化和历史价
是该地区众多大国（贵霜帝国、伽色尼王国和古尔王朝 值观支离破碎。我们相信，我们的文化遗产，包括本次
等）的中心，也是多次大规模侵袭的目标。 展览所展出的精美手工艺品，将见证阿富汗和其他国家
展览呈现了阿富汗的壮丽山河、莹要遗迹以及阿富 在文化交流领域的通力合作。阿富汗的文化遗产不仅仅
汗国家博物馆梢心收藏的各类古代文物，为人们了解该 属于我们，它还是全世界所共享的瑰宝，因此保护这些
国的悠久历史提供了新颖、深刻的视角。20世纪70年 文化遗产是全世界的共同责任。
代末，阿官汗国家博物馆曾收藏了多达10万件伊斯兰 借此机会，我要感谢本次展览的主办者，并且向中
和前伊斯兰时代的物件。然而，历经20多年的内外战 华人民共和国人民和政府传达阿富汗伊斯兰共和国人民
乱，博物馆损失了大部分藏品。战乱期间，一些勇敢的 和政府的感激之情。我希望本次展览将幵启一扇新的大
阿富汗人（包括博物馆员工）把最珍贵的宝藏隐藏在安 门，使中国人民了解阿富汗的文化和历史价值。未来,
全的地点。为了把宝藏从毁灭的边缘拯救回来，他们冒 双方的文化交流必将进一步深化。
看生命危险，将博物馆藏品转移到多个安全区。今天，
006
Foreword by Minister of Information and Culture,
The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
H.E. Abdul Bari Jahani
Afghanistan in antiquity was a cultural magnet, attracting order to save the greatest treasures from loss or destruction.
wealth and influence from lhe unknown world. This exhibi­ Today we need the revival of the aris and arc determined to
tion is a wonderful opportunity for our country to authenticate protect and preserve the rich collection of our history with
this statement. The Ministry of Information and Culture of contribution of our international partners. For several years
lhe Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is delighted to work with we have worked toward this goal. Cultural gatherings, cultural
lhe renowned and all its staff working directly or indirectly to heritage events, festivals, television shows. concerts, radio
support and organize this marvelous exhibition. Our purpose programs and the restoration of various historical monuments
is to show the Chinese people this rich Hidden Treasure of in the last decade is evidence of our determination. As the
museum has suffered serious damage during the two decades
Afghanistan.
Afghanistan lies at the crossroads of the ancient world of war we have tried to rehabilitate it with special support from
and the heart of “lhe Silk Road'* which was the historic link our national and international partners, especially those from
between China. India. Iran, the Middle East, and the West. China, and reopened it for the local and foreign visitors.
Legendary Treasues of “the Silk Road” : Precious Collec­ We believe that it's our responsibility to preserve the cul­
tions from the National Museum of Afghanistan can be traced tural heritage as an identity of our nation for the future genera­
to thousands of years ago. The regions Aria. Arachosia and tion. Unfortunately, our cultural heritage is still suffering from
Paropamisadai of ancient Afghanistan were the main centers war imposed on our people in some part of our country which
of exchanges of Trade and Culture. It has been the center of a threat not only our people's security but also their cultural and
succession of powerful local kingdoms, including the Kush・ historical values as well. We believe that our cultural heritages,
ans, Ghaznavids and Ghurids, but also the target of numerous including manelous artifacts of the exhibition is evidence of
invasions. cooperation in cultural exchanges of nations through the his­
Illustrated with views of the country's beautiful landscape, tory. The Cultural Heritages in Afghanistan not only belongs
significant monuments and a variety of ancient objects mainly to us but also shares common values with the world. Therefore
drawn from lhe fabulous collection of the National Museum the preservation of these cultural heritage is the responsibility
of Afghanistan, the exhibition presents a new and enlighten­ of the whole world.
ing perspective on the remarkable history of this country. In On behalf of the Afghan Nation and the government of
the late I970*s Afghanistan National Museum had more than Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. I would like to express my
100,000 Islamic and Pre-Islamic objects. However, by the end gratitude to the organizers of this wonderful exhibition for
of two decades of war and internal conflicts, the National Mu­ their efforts and to the people and the government of the People's
seum lost a big part of its collection. During the two decades Republic of China. I hope this exhibition will open a new win­
of war some of lhe brave Afghans, including museum staff, hid dow for introducing our cultural and historical values to the
the greatest treasures in a safe place. They risked their lives people of China which can strengthen the cultural cooperation
to transfer the museum collection to various secure places in in future.
007