Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context: Private and Criminal Law Perspectives PDF
Preview Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context: Private and Criminal Law Perspectives
Mark Fenwick Stefan Wrbka Editors Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context Private and Criminal Law Perspectives Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context ThiSisaFMBlankPage Mark Fenwick (cid:129) Stefan Wrbka Editors Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context Private and Criminal Law Perspectives Editors MarkFenwick StefanWrbka FacultyofLaw FacultyofLaw KyushuUniversity KyushuUniversity Fukuoka,Fukuoka Fukuoka,Fukuoka Japan Japan ISBN978-981-10-0112-3 ISBN978-981-10-0114-7 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-981-10-0114-7 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016934311 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingaporePteLtd Contents TheShiftingMeaningofLegalCertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 MarkFenwickandStefanWrbka PartI PerspectivesfromPrivateLaw CommentsonLegalCertaintyfromthePerspectiveofEuropean, AustrianandJapanesePrivateLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 StefanWrbka IntellectualProperty,PrivateOrderingandLegalCertainty. . . . . . . . . 33 BranislavHazucha ConsiderationsontheTransnationalityofInternationalCommercial ArbitrationAwardsintheContextoftheDemandforLegal Certainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 JasonD.Hitch TheNotionofConsumerUnderEULegislationandEUCaseLaw: BetweenthePolesofLegalCertaintyandFlexibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 JakobSørenHedegaardandStefanWrbka LegalCertaintyandTrustsinChina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 ZhenMeng PartII PerspectivesfromCriminalLaw MultilingualNormsinEuropeanCriminalLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 GeorgC.Langheld EmpiricalJudgementinCriminalProceedings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 SebastianStehle TheMultipleUncertaintiesoftheCorporateCriminalLaw. . . . . . . . . 147 MarkFenwick v vi Contents TypesofOffenders—ACriminologicalPerspective inHistoricalContexts. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 169 KatrinH€offler InternationalCriminalLawasaMeanstoFightthe‘HostesHumani Generis’?OntheDangersoftheConceptofEnemyCriminal Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 AndreasWerkmeister Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 List of Contributors MarkFenwick FacultyofLaw,KyushuUniversity,Fukuoka,Japan Branislav Hazucha Graduate School of Law, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Jakob Søren Hedegaard Assistant Attorney, Lassen Ricard, Copenhagen, Denmark JasonD.Hitch Lawyer,Sydney,NSW,Australia KatrinH€offler FacultyofLaw,GoettingenUniversity,Goettingen,Germany GeorgC.Langheld NoerrLLP,Munich,Germany Zhen Meng Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Public Affairs,DepartmentofLaw,Nanjing,China SebastianStehle FacultyofLaw,MunichUniversity(LMU),Munich,Germany AndreasWerkmeister FacultyofLaw,MunichUniversity,Munich,Germany StefanWrbka FacultyofLaw,KyushuUniversity,Fukuoka,Japan vii The Shifting Meaning of Legal Certainty MarkFenwickandStefanWrbka Contents 1 TheShiftingMeaningofLegalCertainty.................................................... 1 2 Chapters........................................................................................ 3 Abstract Inthecontextoflegalmodernity,theprincipleoflegalcertainty–theidea thatthelawmustbesufficientlycleartoprovidethosesubjecttolegalnormswiththe meanstoregulatetheirownconductandtoprotectagainstthearbitraryexerciseof public power – has operated as a foundational rule of law value. As such, legal certaintyhasplayedavitalroleindeterminingthespaceofindividualfreedomand thescopeofstatepower.Inthisway,theidealoflegalcertaintyhasbeencentralin stabilizingnormative expectationsand inprovidingaframework forsocialinterac- tion,aswellasdefiningindividualfreedomandpoliticalpowerinmodernsocieties. Legal certainty has beenpivotal tothe project ofpolitical liberalismand the ideals and aspirations of political modernity. This chapter introduces the concept of legal certaintyandintroducestheideathatthemeaningoflegalcertaintyhasshifted. Keywords Legalcertainty(cid:129)Legaltheory(cid:129)Legalmodernity 1 The Shifting Meaning of Legal Certainty Inthecontextoflegalmodernity,theprincipleoflegalcertainty—theideathatthe lawmustbesufficientlycleartoprovidethosesubjecttolegalnormswiththemeans toregulatetheirownconductandtoprotectagainstthearbitraryexerciseofpublic power—has operated as a foundational rule of law value. As such, legal certainty hasplayedavitalroleindeterminingthespaceofindividualfreedomandthescope M.Fenwick(cid:129)S.Wrbka(*) FacultyofLaw,KyushuUniversity,Fukuoka,Japan e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2016 1 M.Fenwick,S.Wrbka(eds.),LegalCertaintyinaContemporaryContext, DOI10.1007/978-981-10-0114-7_1 2 M.FenwickandS.Wrbka ofstatepower.Inthisway,theidealoflegalcertaintyhasbeencentralinstabilizing normativeexpectationsandinprovidingaframeworkforsocialinteraction,aswell as defining individual freedom and political power in modern societies. Legal certainty has been pivotal to the project of political liberalism and the ideals and aspirationsofpoliticalmodernity. Ofcourse,thisdemandforclarityandpredictabilitycancomeintoconflictwith other important principles, such as public policy and, on occasion, substantive justice. And yet, in spite of these conflicts and the empirical fact that certainty cannotalwaysbefullyrealized,theidealoflegalcertaintyhasfunctionedasacore value and aspiration that has structured normative debates both at a national, regionalandinternationallevel.Therequirementofcertaintyisanexplicitconsti- tutionalprincipleinmostdomesticconstitutions.Italsofunctionsasacoreprinci- ple in many regional organizations; both the European Union and the European CourtofHumanRightsrecognizelegalcertaintyasoneofasmallnumberofsuch general or fundamental principles. As some of the chapters in this volume attest, certainty also functions as an important constraint at the level of contemporary publicinternationallaw. Nevertheless, in spite of its central role in the development of modern legal order,therehavebeenanumberofacademiccritiquesoflaw’saspirationstolegal certainty.StartingwithAmericanRealisminthe1930sandculminatingwithmore recent work in Critical Legal Studies, successive generations of scholars have questioned the prevailing formalism of modern law and this pursuit of certainty. One significant effect of such critiques has been the introduction of a “counter- concept” to that of certainty, namely that of legal indeterminacy. The indetermi- nacythesis,initsmostradicalarticulationsuggeststhatlawisalwaysindefiniteand thatanyoutcomedecisioncanbejustifiedbyreferencetoaparticularnorm.Evenin itssofterversions,advocatesofindeterminacysuggestthatwhilethelawconstrains actors within thelegalsystem,itcannotuniquely determineoutcomes. According toeitheraccount,lawisjustpoliticsindisguise. Althoughthistypeofcritiquehasnothadaprofoundimpactonlegalpractice— at least, in terms of the commitment to legal certainty—it does articulate the broader shift, which this book wishes to explore, namely a recent shift in the meaningoflegalcertainty. Overrecentdecades,legalcertaintyhascomeunderincreasingpressurefroma numberofcompetingdemandsthataremadeofcontemporarylaw,inparticularthe demand that the law be more flexible and responsive to a social environment characterized by rapid economic, social and technological change. In particular, the expectation that the law operates in new transnational contexts and regulates ever-wideningspheresofsociallifehascreatedanewdegreeofuncertaintyabout legalcertainty.Thesesocialandeconomictransformationsraisedifficultquestions regarding both the meaning of legal certainty, as well as its possibility and desirability. This book aims to address these issues by bringing together scholars from various fields of legal debate to examine the shifting contemporary meaning of legalcertainty.Inparticular,thebookfocusesonexploringtheemergingtensions
The list of books you might like
