Legacy on Stone: Rock Art of the Colorado Plateau and Four Corners Region

589 Pages·1990·28.51 MB·English

by  Sally J. Cole

Legacy On Stone : Rock Art of the
title:
Colorado Plateau and Four Corners Region
author: Cole, Sally J.
publisher: Johnson Books
isbn10 | asin: 1555660746
print isbn13: 9781555660741
ebook isbn13: 9780585019697
language: English
Indians of North America--Colorado--
Antiquities, Indians of North America--
Southwest, New--Antiquities, Petroglyphs--
Southwest, New--Antiquities, Petroglyphs--
subject Colorado, Petroglyphs--Southwest, New,
Pictographs--Colorado, Pictographs--
Southwest, New, Colorado--Antiquities,
Southwest, New--Antiquit
publication date: 1990
lcc: E78.C6C6 1990eb
ddc: 709/.01/130979
Indians of North America--Colorado--
Antiquities, Indians of North America--
Southwest, New--Antiquities, Petroglyphs--
subject: Colorado, Petroglyphs--Southwest, New,
Pictographs--Colorado, Pictographs--
Southwest, New, Colorado--Antiquities,
Southwest, New--Antiquit
Page i
Legacy
on Stone
Rock Art of the Colorado Plateau
and Four Corners Region
Sally J. Cole
Johnson Books Boulder
Page ii
© 1990 by Sally J. Cole
Third Printing 1995
Cover design by Molly Gough
Cover photo by Sally J. Cole
Maps were prepared by Margaret Stone. Rock art illustrations were
drawn from projected photographic slides, photographs, and field
sketches by Margaret Stone, Barbara Blackshear, and Sally J. Cole.
Originally produced with the support of the Colorado Endownment
for the Humanities, Denver, Colorado, a grantee of the Natioanl
Endowment for the Humanities.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cole, Sally.
Legacy on stone: rock art of the Colorado plateau and Four Corners
region /
Sally Cole.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-55566-074-6
1. Indians of North AmericaColoradoAntiquities. 2. Indians of North
AmericaSouthwest, NewAntiquities. 3. PetroglyphsColorado. 4.
PetroglyphsSouthwest, New. 5. PictographsColorado. 6.
PictographsSouthwest, New. 7. ColoradoAntiquities. 8.Southwest,
NewAntiquities. I. Title.
E78.C6C6 1990
709´.01´130979dc20
90-45715
CIP
Printed in the United States of America by
Johnson Printing
1880 South 57th Court
Boulder, Colorado 80301
Printed on recycled paper with soy ink.
Page iii
Contents
Acknowledgments v
List of Maps vii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 The Land and Cultures 7
Chapter 3 The Study of Rock Art 33
Chapter 4 Rock Art of Hunters and Gatherers 43
Chapter 5 Anasazi Rock Art 109
Chapter 6 Fremont Rock Art 173
Chapter 7 Navajo Rock Art 201
Chapter 8 Eastern Shoshoni Rock Art 213
Chapter 9 Ute Rock Art 223
Appendix Rock Art Sites 253
Bibliography 255
Index 273
Page v
Acknowledgments
During fourteen years of research on the Colorado Plateau and in the
Rocky Mountains, many people including fellow archaeologists,
ranchers and farmers, and numerous individuals who explore the
canyons and mountains of this region have shared information about
rock art and have helped with documentation. I am grateful to all of
you for your professionalism, generosity, and insights. I wish to
identify certain organizations and individuals that have supported
research for this book and its publication. First, I wish to acknowledge
financial assistance provided by a research and publication grant from
the Colorado Endowment for the Humanities and thank the staff for
their helpfulness throughout the project. In support of the grant, I
received an in-kind contribution of technical assistance from the
Colorado State Office of the Bureau of Land Management. I
appreciate their willingness to support the project and the efforts of
Frederic J. Athearn, manager of the Cultural Resources Program.
I also wish to acknowledge in-kind support for the grant from
individuals who helped me gather information and materials from
files and in the field. These people donated time and knowledge and,
in some instances, the use of their homes: Douglas W. Bowman,
Archaeologist for Ute Mountain Ute Tribe; Henry S. Keesling, Craig
District Archaeologist for the Bureau of Land Management; Brian
Naze, Little Snake Resource Area Archaeologist for the Bureau of
Land Management; Kristie Arrington, San Juan Resource Area
Archaeologist for the Bureau of Land Management; Michael Selle,
White River Resource Area Archaeologist for the Bureau of Land
Management; Robert H. Nykamp, Routt National Forest
Archaeologist; James A. Truesdale, Archaeologist for Dinosaur
National Monument; Jack Smith, Chief Research Archaeologist for
Mesa Verde National Park; Victoria Atkins; and Joanne and Edward
Berger.
Preparation of the manuscript was aided by the talents of a number of
people. I wish to thank Margaret Stone and Barbara Blackshear for
their work on illustrations and dedication to accuracy. I thank Glenn
Stone for commenting on the text and for sharing field sketches and
Page vi
photographs. I thank Hartley and Lynn Bloomfield and Harley
Armstrong for their field sketches. Henry Schoch and Bill Harris
provided photographs, and I thank each of them. Carl Weaver worked
long hours to produce quality black and white prints of often difficult
subject matter, and I appreciate his efforts. I also appreciate
professional word processing by Louise Wagner. I wish to
acknowledge the expertise of Rebecca Herr, Editorial Director at
Johnson Books. She has made this complex project work smoothly.
Finally, I wish to acknowledge the consistent support of my husband,
Chuck, who has visited rock art sites with me from California to East
Africa and who shares my enduring fascination with the Colorado
Plateau.
Sally J. Cole
Grand Junction, Colorado
Page vii
List of Maps
Map 1. Overview of the study area showing details of the Colorado 32
Plateau, associated mountain ranges, and the Four Corners region.
Map 2. Distribution of Archaic-Abstract Tradition rock art. 42
Map 3. Distribution of Glen Canyon Style 5 rock art. 61
Map 4. Distribution of Barrier Canyon Style rock art. 68
Map 5. Distribution of Uncompahgre Style rock art. 83
Map 6. Distribution of Interior Line Style rock art. 97
Map 7. Anasazi culture area and rock art distribution. 110
Map 8. Fremont culture area and rock art distribution. 172
Map 9. Area of Navajo occupation, including modern reservation 202
lands.
Map 10. Region occupied by the Eastern Shoshoni, including 214
modern reservation lands, and associated rock art distribution.
Map 11. Region occupied by the Ute, including modern reservation 224
lands, and associated rock art distribution.