Lee and Gaensslen's Advances in Fingerprint Technology, Third Edition

520 Pages·2012·81.243 MB·English

by  Robert Ramotowski

88343_cover 7/25/12 10:53 AM Page 1
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
FORENSICS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE R
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Lee and Gaensslen’s
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ADVANCES IN FINGERPRINT
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TECHNOLOGY A
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THIRD EDITION
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Reflecting new discoveries in fingerprint science, Lee and Gaensslen’s Advances in Fingerprint C
Technology, Third Edition has been completely updated with new material and nearly double E
THIRD EDITION
the references contained in the previous edition. The book begins with a detailed review of S

current, widely used development techniques, as well as some older, historical methods. Next, it
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describes more recent advances as well as novel, emerging technologies that have just begun to L
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reach maturity.
F e
ROBERT RAMATOWSKI I a EDITED BY ROBERT S. RAMOTOWSKI
Highlights in this edition include: N
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•Comprehensive details about work performed by the UK Home Office on the use of
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powders and brushes
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•Advances in the area of blood reagents, and the transition from previously carcinogenic P
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peroxidase reagents to new and safer protein staining methods n
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•The vacuum metal deposition technique s
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•The cyanoacrylate fuming process T e
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•An update on ninhydrin analogs T ’
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•Emerging trends in print development using nanotechnology
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•Latent print recovery and decontamination at scenes tainted by chemical, biological, H
radiological, nuclear, and explosive materials N
•A model for quantitatively interpreting and assessing minutiae in a print
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•Methods for digital and chemical imaging of latent prints
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With contributions by a renowned group of leading forensic scientists and criminalistics experts, G
this valuable work presents the latest progress in fingerprint technologies, comparison, and
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identification.
THIRD
88343 EDITION
THIRD EDITION
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Composite
Lee and Gaensslen’s
ADVANCES IN
FINGERPRINT
TECHNOLOGY
THIRD EDITION

Lee and Gaensslen’s
ADVANCES IN
FINGERPRINT
TECHNOLOGY
THIRD EDITION
EDITED BY ROBERT S. RAMOTOWSKI
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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Contents
Preface.............................................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................................ix
Editors...............................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors....................................................................................................................................xv
1. Powder Methods......................................................................................................................1
Robert S. Ramotowski
2. Amino Acid Reagents...........................................................................................................17
Robert S. Ramotowski
3. Metal Deposition Methods..................................................................................................55
Robert S. Ramotowski
4. Lipid Reagents........................................................................................................................83
Robert S. Ramotowski
5. Vapor/Fuming Methods.......................................................................................................97
Robert S. Ramotowski
6. Blood Reagents.....................................................................................................................129
Robert S. Ramotowski
7. Miscellaneous Methods and Challenging Surfaces....................................................157
Robert S. Ramotowski
8. Powders for Fingerprint Development...........................................................................191
Helen L. Bandey, Stephen M. Bleay, and Andrew P. Gibson
9. Enhancement Techniques for Fingerprints in Blood...................................................219
Vaughn G. Sears
10. Vacuum Metal Deposition.................................................................................................241
Milutin Stoilovic, Naomi Speers, and Chris Lennard
11. Cyanoacrylate Fuming Method........................................................................................263
Linda A. Lewis
12. Ninhydrin and Ninhydrin Analogues:.Recent Developments..................................293
Joseph Almog
13. Fingermark Detection Using Nanoparticles..................................................................307
Andy Bécue and Antonio A. Cantú
v
vi Contents
14. Friction Ridge Detection from Challenging Crime Scenes........................................381
Della Wilkinson
15. Statistics and Probabilities as a Means to Support Fingerprint Examination.......419
Cedric Neumann
16. Digital Imaging....................................................................................................................467
Bruce Comber, Gemma Payne, and Chris Lennard
Preface
The.first.and.second.editions.of.Advances in Fingerprint Technology.were.published.first.by.
Elsevier.and.then.later.by.CRC.Press,.LLC.(now.the.Taylor.&.Francis.Group)..Drs..Henry.
C..Lee.and.Robert.E..Gaensslen.served.as.the.editors.of.these.two.editions..Having.both.
retired.since.the.publication.of.the.second.edition,.the.Taylor.&.Francis.Group.offered.
me.the.opportunity.to.prepare.the.updated.third.edition.of.the.book..I.enthusiastically.
accepted.their.gracious.offer.and.decided.to.modify.the.title.of.this.edition.of.the.book.
to.reflect.the.important.contributions.that.the.two.original.editors.made.to.this.series..
I would.like.to.thank.the.Taylor.&.Francis.Group.for.providing.me.the.opportunity.to.
revise.and.update,.Lee and Gaensslen’s Advances in Fingerprint Technology, third edition.
When.the.second.edition.of.this.book.was.published.back.in.2001,.the.primary.concern.
of.the.fingerprint.field.was.the.ramifications.that.stemmed.from.several.Daubert.hear-
ings,.which.challenged.the.admissibility.of.fingerprint.evidence..Now.in.2012,.the.major.
concern.centers.on.the.implications.of.the.recommendations.outlined.in.the.2009.report.
by.the.National.Research.Council.(NRC).of.the.National.Academies,.Strengthening Forensic
Science in the United States—A Path Forward..This.report.highlighted.perceived.deficiencies.
throughout.the.various.forensic.sciences..In.particular,.Chapter.5.addressed.specific.con-
cerns.associated.with.friction.ridge.analysis..A.broad.recommendation.of.the.NRC.report.
was.that.there.was.a.strong.need.for.additional.research.in.many.areas.of.the.forensic.sci-
ences,.including.pattern.recognition.disciplines.like.friction.ridge.analysis.
There.have.been.a.considerable.number.of.advances.in.the.area.of.fingerprint.detection,.
imaging,.and.interpretation.in.the.last.11.years.since.the.second.edition.was.published..
This.third.edition.has.been.completely.updated.with.new.material,.covering.nearly.500.
pages.and.with.more.than.1500.references.(nearly.double.the.amount.contained.in.the.pre-
vious.edition)..I.also.decided.to.eliminate.the.chapters.on.the.history.of.fingerprinting.and.
identification.of.latent.prints,.as.these.subjects.have.been.more.than.adequately.covered.
in.the.previous.two.editions..These.topics.no.longer.represent.“advances”.in.fingerprint.
technology.
The.book.has.been.restructured.into.two.parts..Part.I.consists.of.Chapters.1.through.7,.
which.provide.a.detailed.review.of.current,.widely.used.development.techniques.(as.well.
as.some.older,.historical.methods)..These.chapters.will.cover.powder.methods,.amino.acid.
reagents,.metal.deposition.methods,.lipid.reagents,.vapor/fuming.methods,.blood.reagents,.
and.miscellaneous.methods.for.challenging.surfaces..Part.II.consists.of.Chapters.8.through.
16,.which.describe.more.recent.advances.as.well.as.novel,.emerging.technologies.that.have.
just.begun.to.reach.maturity..Chapter.8.provides.comprehensive.details.about.work.per-
formed.by.the.UK.Home.Office.regarding.the.use.of.powders.and.brushes..While.a.rela-
tively.old.and.simple.technique,.the.method.receives.a.new.and.fresh.perspective.in.this.
chapter..Chapter.9.takes.an.old.and.new.look.at.advances.with.blood.reagents..The.chapter.
highlights.the.transition.from.previously.carcinogenic.peroxidase.reagents.to.new.and.safer.
protein.staining.methods..Chapter.10.provides.a.comprehensive.overview.of.the.vacuum.
metal.deposition.technique..The.authors.describe.the.new.research.that.has.been.done.to.
enlighten.the.reader.about.the.mechanism.of.this.complex.process..Chapter.11.looks.at.the.
cyanoacrylate.fuming.process..There.have.been.numerous.studies.published.over.the.past.
decade.that.have.provided.new.perspectives.on.both.activation.and.polymerization.mech-
anisms..Chapter.12.provides.an.update.on.ninhydrin.analogs..Recent.developments.with.
vii
viii Preface
1,2-indanedione/zinc.as.well.as.natural.products.like.genipin.and.lawsone.are.described..
Chapter.13.covers.the.emerging.trends.in.print.development.using.nanotechnology..A com-
prehensive.review.of.novel.methods.involving.metal-based.nanoparticles,.quantum.dots,.
and.other.kinds.of.nanoparticles.is.provided..Chapter.14.covers.the.important.topic.of.how.
to.handle.latent.print.recovery.and.decontamination.at.scenes.contaminated.with.chemical,.
biological,.radiological,.nuclear,.and.explosive.materials..These.types.of.crime.scenes.are.
likely.to.become.more.common.as.instability.throughout.the.world.continues.to.increase..
Chapter.15.describes.a.model.for.quantitatively.interpreting.and.assessing.minutiae.in.a.
print..Such.research.will.address.some.of.the.concerns.outlined.in.the.NRC.report.by.pro-
viding.quantitative.support.to.previously.held.qualitative.opinions..Chapter.16.covers.meth-
ods.for.digital.and.chemical.imaging.of.latent.prints.and.describes.the.recent.developments.
over.the.past.ten.years.that.have.greatly.expanded.the.options.for.examiners.to.nondestruc-
tively.capture.latent.prints.in situ..The.content.of.all.of.these.chapters.has.not.been.covered.
in.such.detail.anywhere.else.in.the.literature.
One.minor.issue.that.needs.to.be.addressed.at.this.point.concerns.terminology..As.will.
be.evident.after.reading.the.various.chapters.contained.in.this.book,.the.authors.are.from.
many.different.parts.of.the.world..As.such,.the.terms.“fingerprint”.and.“fingermark”.will.
be.used.throughout.the.book..There.can.be.confusion.over.the.usage.of.these.terms,.since.
they.are.not.necessarily.interchangeable..Of.particular.concern.has.been.the.lack.of.inter-
nal.consistency.with.this.terminology.within.some.recent.articles.and.publications.
The.term.“fingermark”.has.been.defined.by.Champod.et.al.*.as
…traces.left.(unknowingly).by.a.person.on.an.object.(sometimes.referred.to.as.the.
“unknown,”.“latent,”.or.“questioned”.mark)..Almost.by.definition,.the.mark.implies.
a.lesser.quality.impression.that.includes.latent,.partial,.distorted,.reversed.(tonally.or.
laterally),.or.superimposed.impressions.
The.definition.for.“fingerprint”.was.then.described.as.“…a.record.or.comparison.print.
taken.for.identification,.exclusion,.or.database.purposes.(sometimes.referred.to.as.a.
“known”.print).”.Thus,.the.term.“fingermark”.would.be.synonymous.with.“latent.print”.
or.“latent.fingerprint,”.while.the.term.“fingerprint,”.as.defined.by.Champod.et.al.,.would.
be.consistent.with.the.traditional.usage.of.“fingerprint”.or.“inked.fingerprint”.as.it.is.com-
monly.used.in.the.United.States.
In.conclusion,.it.should.be.noted.that.the.views.expressed.by.the.authors.in.these.chap-
ters.do.not.necessarily.reflect.the.official.position.of.their.employers.or.the.editor...In.addi-
tion,.vendor.and.product.names.are.provided.for.illustrative.purposes.only,.and.their.
inclusion.does.not.imply.endorsement.by.either.the.editor,.authors,.or.their.employers.
*.Champod.C,.Lennard.C,.Margot.P,.Stoilovic.M..(2004).Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions..CRC.Press,.
Boca.Raton,.FL.p..183.
Acknowledgments
I.would.like.to.thank.all.of.the.contributors.to.this.revised.third.edition.for.their.tire-
less.efforts.and.cooperation.to.complete.this.effort...I.would.also.like.to.thank.the.staff.at.
Taylor & Francis.Group,.with.special.appreciation.to.Becky.Masterman,.Kathryn.Younce,.
Jennifer.Stair,.and.Moureharry.Saranyaa.for.patiently.explaining.the.editorial.process.to.
a.novice.like.myself.and.making.the.whole.effort.comparatively.painless...I.would.like.to.
acknowledge.Brendan.Westphal,.visual.information.specialist,.United.States.Secret.Service,.
for.his.input.for.the.final.cover.art.design...I.would.also.like.to.recognize.Dr. Andy Becue,.
from.the.University.of.Lausanne,.for.taking.considerable.time.out.of.his.busy.schedule.to.
comprehensively.review.Chapters.1.through.7...I.am.grateful.for.his.detailed.comments.
and.corrections...Special.thanks.are.in.order.for.the.encouragement.offered.by.the.mem-
bers.of.the.Washington,.DC,.chapter.of.the.League.of.Extraordinary.Gentlemen...Finally,.
I.would.also.like.to.acknowledge.Dr..Antonio.Cantu.for.also.providing.comments.on.
Chapters.1.through.7...It.is.to.him,.my.mentor,.colleague,.and.friend,.that.I.would.like.to.
dedicate.this.third.edition.of.Lee and Gaensslen’s Advances in Fingerprint Technology..Thank.
you.for.inspiring.me.to.pursue.research.in.the.area.of.latent.print.detection.
ix