LECTOTYPIFICATION OF PASSIFLORA AFFINIS (PASSIFLORACEAE) AND DISCUSSION OF ITS GEOGRAPHIC RANGE WITHIN THE UNITED STATES

2004·4.8 MB·English

by  Douglas H Goldman

LECTOTYPIFICATIONOFPASSIFWRAAFFINIS
(PASSIFLORACEAE)ANDDISCUSSIONOFITSGEOGRAPHIC
RANGEWITHINTHEUNITEDSTATES
DouglasH.Goldman
HarvardUniversityt-ierbaria
22DivinityAvenue
Cambridge,Massacliusetts02138,USA.
d(][email protected]
ABSTRACT
GeorgeFngelinann.inhisdescriptionofPassijloraajjinis.neverdesignatedalioloi)peforthespe-
cies,norhasalectotypebeendesignatedinsubsequenthteratureaddressingHngehnann'sworkor
NorthAmericanPassijlora.Alectoypeisdesignatedhereandadiscussionandclarificationolthe
geographicrangeofthisspeciesintheUnitedStatesisprovided.
KeyWords:Passifioraaffmis.lectotypification,geographicdistribution.FerdinandLindheimer,
GeorgeEngehnann,CharlesWright,CharlesParry,BennoMatthes
RESUMF.N
GeorgeEngelmann,ensudescripciondePassijloraajjinis.nuncadesignounholotipoparalaespecie,
nitampocosehadesignadounlectotipoenlaliteraturasubsiguientec|uetrataeltrabajodeEngel-
mannolasPcis.si/l()?'(:jnorteamericanas.Enestetrabajosedesignaunlectotipo,yademassehaceuna
discusionyciarificacidndeladistribuciongeograficadelaespecieenlosFstadosLJnidos.
INTRODUCTION
PassijloraaffinisEngelm.isawarm-temperateandsubtropicalspeciesoloak-
junipersavannasandmesicwoodlandsfromcentralTexasandnortheastern
Mexico(Schulz1922;Killip1938;Correll&Johnston1970;Diggsetal.1999).
ThetypecollectionwasmadebyFerdinandLindheimerinAugusttoSeptem-
ber1849atComancheSpring,BexarCounty,Texas.Thetypeserieswasdistrib-
utedin1907bytheMissouriBotanicalGardenasapartofalong-forgottenpor-
tionoftheFloraTexanaExsiccata(Blankinship1907),althoughitwasoriginally
describedseveraldecadesearlier(Engelmann1850a).
Thelabelsdistributedwiththetypeseriesin1907(Fig.1)arepotentially
misleading,presentingthetypelocalityas"ComancheSpring;NewBrauntels,
etc.,"ComancheSpringandNewBraunfelsoccurringperhaps30milesapart.
However,Engelmann(1850b),Blankinship(1907),Killip(1938)andLindheimer
correspondencewithGeorgeEngelmann,foundinthearchivesoftheMissouri
BotanicalGarden,makeclearthatitwascollectedatComancheSpringalone.
Lindheimerspentthemajorityofthegrowingseasonof1849atthatsite,re-
turningtoNewBraunfelsonlyattheendofthatyear(Engelmann1850b;
SIDA21(1):275-285.2004
276 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(1)
LINDHEIMER, FLORA TEXANA.
(supplementaryto "flora texana exsiccata.")
Distributed by the Missouri BotanicalGarden.
PASSIFLORA AFFINIS, Engelm,
TypeCollection.
CollectedbyLiii.lheimerfrom1849to1851. Aug.-Sept.,1849.
C'omancheSpring;NewBr»«nfels,otc. No. 817.
Fig.1.ThecollectionlabelfoundonspecimensofthetypeseriesofPajj/floroflffin/sdistributedin1907(seeBlankinship
1907),thislabelfromaduplicateatGH.
Blankinship1907).ComancheSpringwason thepropertyofafriendof
Lindheimers,BaronOttfnedHansvon("JohnO.")Meusebach,anearlysettler
andfounderof severalcommunitiesincentralTexas(King1967).Thespring
wasprobablyveryclosetoMeusebachshouseneartheheadwatersofSalado
Creek,inwhatisnowtheCampBulhsMilitaryReservation(Ivey1979).
AlthoughEnglemann(1850a)didclearlystatethetypelocalityin the
protologue,hedidnotdesignateaholotype,andneitherBlankinship(1907)nor
Killip(1938)laterdesignatedalectotypefromtheP.a(finistypeseries.
PassifloraaffinisEngelm.,Bost.J.Nat.Hist.6:233.1850.(Fig. 2).Type:TEXAS:
[B[-..\ARCo.:]ComancheSpring,Aug-Sep1849,F.Lindheimerl74(lectotyph,here
selected:GH!:isoi.ectotypes:ARIZLBM!,BR!,BR1T-SMU(Q,CAM,G!(2),GH(Ki,
MFXU,MOlNY(P(PH(TEX!,UQ.US!,W!).
Liana,oltensuckeringfromroots,stemsterete,glabrous,minutelypuberulent
toscabrouswhenyoung;tendrilsglabrous;stipulesHnear-setaceous,erect,gla-
brous,0.1-0.2cm;petiolesglabrous,glandless,0.4-4.5cm;leavesglabrous,en-
tire,shallowlytodeeply3(-5)-lobed,broadlyovateingeneraloutline,basally
cordate,truncate,tocuneate,l-8(-10)cmlongby1.5-10(-14)ciriwide,lobes
ovatetoobovate,roundedtotruncate,entiretoapiculate,oftenbasallynar-
rowed,laminarnectariesround,oftenintwoobscurelines,eachrunningfrom
baseofleafnearpetioleapextowardthelargersinuses;inflorescenceoftwoor
rslairgehltyloyneelo1nlgoawteirngpemrnforduiet,;fflloorwaelrsbrfarcatgsragnlta,berroeucst,,3s,tiopceca+sipoendailcellyd1.e0c-i3d.u5ocums,,
greentopurple,Imear-subulatetorarelyovate,0.1-0.3cm;flowers3-5cmin
diameter;sepalsmoderatelyreflexed,lanceolatetolinear-lanceolate,rounded
GOLDMAN,LECTOTYPIFICATIONOFPASSIFLORAAFFINIS 277
FloraT(^xaiiacxsicata.
Bwi-W. Ulils..r.hi,'lh'!m,r,J?/J^\Sm 'liUliil'
Fig.2.ThelectotypeoiPassifloraaffinisatGH.
278 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(1)
toacute,palegreentowhite,1.0-1.6cmlong,0.2-0.4cmwide;petalsmoder-
atelyre(lexed,linear-lanceolate,subulate,acute,palegreentowhite,0.6-1.3cm
long,0.1-0.2cmwide;coronaof2seriesoffilaments,outerserieslinear-fili-
form,sinuous,weaklyretlexedornot,taperingdistallyandterminatingina
clavateapex,basallypurple,apicallygreen,whiteinbetween,0.9-1.8cmlong,
innerseriesfiliform,erect,clavate,palepurplewithgreenbasally,0,15-0.3cm
long;floraltubeshallowlyconvextonearlyflat,operculumerect,incurved,
plicate,palepurpletowhite,0.1-0.2cmlong,nectarringabsent,limenerect,
incurved,white,0.1cm wide;androgynophore0.7-1.0cm long,terete,pale
purple;stamenliiamentsgreenwithpurple,0.4-0.6cmlong;anthersgreenwith
purplemargins,0.25-0.4cmlong;ovaryglobosetosubovoid,glabrous,styles
purple,filiform,glabrous,0.5-0.7cmlong,stigmasbroadlyexpanded,round,
0.1-0.2cmwide;berry,purple-black,ovoid,globose,todorsiventrallycom-
pressed,1.0-1.5cmlong,1.0cmwide;seedsdarkbrowntoblack,flattened,obo-
void,acute,transverselysulcate,0.25-0.35cmlong,0.2-0.3cmwide,withwhite
arillateswellingtooneside;germinationepigeal.
ItwouldbeanticipatedthataspecimenchosenasthelectotypeofanEn-
gelmannnameattherankofspeciesorbelowwouldbeattheMissouriBotani-
calGardenwheremanyofhiscollectionsreside,St.Louis,Missouri,being
Engelmann'shomefromtheearly1830suntilhisdeathin1884(White1896;
Yatskievych1999).However,theprotologuedescribesbothfloweringandfruit-
ingmaterialandnoneoftheexaminedduplicatesofthiscollectionhaveflow-
ersandfruitexceptforthespecimenchosenasthelectotypeatGH(Fig.2).
Mostduplicatesseenaresterileorhavefewfruit,theonlyotherfloweringspeci-
menbeingatBRIT-SMU.Alloftheduplicatesdistributedin1907havemass-
producedlabelsnumbered817,whereasoneofthetwoGHspecimens,theone
with1lowers,hasamucholder,mostlyhand-written label,numbered 17'^.
Lindheimerhadhiscwnifieldnumbers,whereasEnglemannusedseparate
numbersbasedonthedistributionorderoftheEloraTexanaExsiccatafollow-
ingtheBenthamandHookersequence(Blankinship1907).Blankinshipdoes
note(p.170)that174istheLmdheimernumber,whichcorrespondstotheEn-
gelmannnumber817,thereforethesenumbersrefertothesamecollection.The
handwritingonthelabelofthenow-lectotypeisalmostentirelyEngelmanns,
identifyingtheplantasPa'^sifloraIriloba.Elsewhereonthelabelandinthe
lowerright-handcornerofthespecimeniswritten"affinis"inwhatisprob-
ablyAsaGrayshandwriting.Inaddition,thisistheonlyspecimenofthetype
seriesthatindicateshabitatinformationasitiscitedintheprotologue,stating
thattheplantwasgrowingin"shadyplaces"and"climbinghighovertrees."
Noneoftheseriesdistributedm1907giveshabitatdetails.Theonlydetailin
thelabelofthelectotypethatdiffersfromtheprotologueandthe1907labelsis
thedate,theolderlabelstating"Sept1849"whereastheprotologueandnewer
labelsstate"Aug.-Sept.1849"(Fig.1).However,thisdoesnotmaketheolderla-
GOLDMAN,LECTOTYPIfICATIONOFPASSIFLORAAFFINIS 279
belincongruentwiththeprotologue,andbecauseoftheotherinformationon
itandthepresenceofflowersonthisspecimenaloneitisthebestchoicelorthe
lectotype.
GF.OGRAPHICDISTRIBUTION
InTexasP.affinisistypicallyioundgrowmgoverCretaceouslimestoneormuch
lesscommonlyoverPrecambrianigneousrockorlateTertiarysandstoneand
clay(Sellardsetal.1932;Spearmg1991J.InnortheasternMexico(seespecimens
examined)itgrowsoverCretaceouslimestone,shaleandsandstone(Direccion
GeneraldeGeografiadelTcrritorioNacional1981a,b;PadillaySanchez&
Aceves-Quesada1992).ThecurrentlyknowndistributionofPassifloraaffinis
inTexasisshowninFig..3,basedonherbariumandliteraturesurveys,indicat-
ingthatitisnearlyrestrictedtothesouthernEdwardsPlateauandLampasas
CutPlains(Diggsetal.1999;Turneretal.2003).
ApopulationwasoncecollectedniFayetteCounty,Texas,byBennoMatthes
(seespecimensexamined),representingtheeasternrange-limitofthespecies
intheUnitedStatesandinanareawithdifferentgeologythanwherethisspe-
ciesoccurselsewhereinTexas.Matthes,aGermansettlerandnaturalistin
FayetteCounty,livedforashortperiodinthetownofRoundTop,wherehe
collectedseveralplantspecimensfromlate1853untilmid-1854(Geiser1941).
InthisareaheapparentlycollectedP.ajfinis(=Matthes274),withspecmiens
depositedat the Museum National d^fiistoire Naturelle, Parisand the
NaturhistorischesMuseWum,Vienna(Kiliip1938).ThissWpecimenstillexistsatP,
butItwasnotfoundat inarecentsearch,although doeshaveafragmen-
taryMatthesspecimenofPIutcalabeled"beiNo.274,"suggestingthatthetwo
specieswereprobablygrowingtogetherN-iatthesinitiallyoutlinedhisbotani-
caldiscoveriesinthisarea,althoughwithoutmentioningPassiflora(Matthes
1855a).Helaterprovidedamoredetailedfieldaccount(Matthes1861)wherehe
mentionedfindingattheuppermarginofariparianforest'''Passifloratrilohd"
with"Clematiscoccinea"andCornusjlorida.Thismayhavebeentothesouth-
westofRoundTopnearCummins("Cummings")Creek,alongwhichhehad
beenknowntocollect(Matthes1855b,1861).Althoughmesicforestedgesare
appropriatehabitatforbothPaffinisandPlutcu,suchahabitatattheinner
edgeofthecoastalplainmayseemmoreappropriateforthelatterspecies(e.g.
Cooperrider1995;Alford2000)versusthoseofPaffinisontheEdwardsPla-
teauandassociateduplift. However,muchofFayetteCounty,includingthe
RoundToparea,isunderlain bysandstoneandclayof theCatahoulaand
Oakvilleformations,bothwhichcancontaincalcareousportions,particularly
thelatter(Sellardsetal.1932;Proctoretal.1974).Furthermore,thespringsin
FayetteCountyarealsoknowntobealkaline(Brune1981).Thissuggeststhat
muchofFayetteCountycanprovidehabitatsconsistentwiththeprimarily
calciphilicprelerencesofPaffinis.
280 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(1)
105° 100° 95°
Fig.3.GeographicdistributionofPassifloraaffinisintlieUnitedStatesbasedontierbariumsurveysandfloristicsum-
maries(Diggsetal.1999;Turneretal.2003).
Killip(1938)reportedthepresenceo'lP.affinismNewMexico,citingaParry
specimenatUSfromDonaAnacounty,laloeled"cinieflyinthevalleyoftheRio
Grande,belowDonana."Thisspecimenwascollectedbythebotanicalsurvey
partyattachedtotheUnitedStatesandMexicanBoundarySurvey,consisting
ofJohnBigelow,CharlesParry,ArthurSchottandCharlesWright(listedonthe
collectionlabelas"C.C.lAn-ryJ.M.Bigelow,C.Wright,&A.Schott":seespeci-
mensexamined).1lowcver,theonlyP.affiniscollectioncitedmthebotanical
reportoftheBoundarySurveyisbyBigelowinOctober(butwithnoyeargiven)
alongtheDevilsRiver(Torrey1859)mwhatisnowValVerdeCounty,Texas,
perhaps350milesfromDonaAnaCounty,NewMexico.TheBoundarySurvey
travelledwithincloseproximitytotheRioGrandeforseveralhundredmiles
southandwestol DonaAnaCountyaftertheTreatyofGuadalupeHidalgo
GOLDMAN,LECTOTYPIFKATIONOFPASSIFLORAAFFINIS 281
wassignedwithMexicoin1848,followingtheendoftheMexican-American
War(Emory1857).Thereforeitshouldnothavebeenassumedthatthisspeci-
menwascollectedwithinthepresentboundariesofNewMexico.
Incontrast,Killip(1938)didnotsimilarlyinterpretthevaguelabelsofP
affinisspecimenscollectedbyCharlesWrighttosuggestthatthisspeciesoc-
curredinNewMexico.Threecollectionscouldhavebeeninterpretedassuch,
oneatGH(Wright217)labeled"fromWesternTexastoElPaso,NewMexico,
MaytoOctober1849,"anotheratGHandUSwiththesameinformationbut
numbered218,andanotherwithnonumberatNYandPHlabeled"N.Mexico,
1851"(seespecimensexamined).Itissurprisingthattheywerenot,withElPaso
attributedtoNewMexicointwoofthesethreecollectionsand"N.Mexico"also
potentiallyinterpretedmthesameway,oras"northernMexico."
Wright'snumber217isactuallyadistributionnumbergivenbyAsaGray
forhisPlantaeWrightianaepartI(1852),whereasWright'sfieldnumbercorre-
spondingto217was40'1-,collectedonthe9^'"^ofJune,1849. Histravelroute
(Geiser1935)andhisfieldnotes,summarizedinShaw(1987)andavailablein
theGrayHerbariumarchivesatHarvardUniversity,indicatethat217/'104was
collected"onthebanksoftheLeona"closetopresent-daytownofUvalde,Texas.
Wright218wasthedistributionnumberforWright'sHeldnumber734,col-
lectedonthe25*^^ofJuly1849,amongthe"hillsoftheDevil'sRiver"inpresent-
dayValVerdeCounty,Texas,althoughGray(1852)consistentlyreferredtothe
DevilsRiverasthe"SanPedroRiver",followingthegeographicnamesusedby
French(1850;Shaw1987).Wright's"N.Mexico,1851"maybethesameasthat
referredtobyGray(1853),collected"ontheSabinal,westernTexas,July,"inwhat
isnowUvaldeCounty.However,Gray(1853)givesnodistributionnumberfor
thisspecimen.InWright's1851fieldnotesintheGHarchivesPassifloraisen-
teredonlytwice,oncehavingbeenfoundonChiconCreek(inmodernZavala
County,Texas)inMay1851andanothertimefoundmthe"mountainsnearSanta
Cruz,climbingamongrocks,"inSonora,Mexico,July1851,withnomentionof
thegenusinhis1852notes.TheChiconCreekPassifloramatchestheentryin
Gray(1853)forP.tenuilobaandtheSantaCruzspecimenmatchestheentry
(andprotologue)forP.inamoena(=P.hryonioidesKunih).InJuly1851Wright
washundredsofmilesawayfromtheSabinalRiver,inthevicinityof ElPaso
andsouthwesternNewMexico(Shaw1987).Itispossiblethathecollectedthis
Paffinisspecimenmthisarea,butwithoutenteringitintohisfieldbook,al-
thoughthatseemsunlikelybecausehewasafastidiousnote-takerduringhis
explorationsoftheborderregion.Theonlytimeheappearedtorelaxhisnote-
takingwasattheendofhistravelsin1852,onhisreturntoSanAntonio,when
onJuly2'^'-^herecordshisfinalcollectioninwhatisnowwesternCrockett
County,Texas(Shaw1987),over100milestothenorthwestottheSabinalRiver
inUvaldeCounty.ItseemsprobablethatWrightcollectedthisspecimennotin
1851butin1852,eastofCrockettCountyonhisreturntoSanAntonio,which
282 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(1)
wouldhavetakenhimthroughpresent-dayUvaldeCounty.Shaw(1987)men-
tionsthatthesepost-July2,1852notestendtobefolded-upinthefragment
foldersofthespecimensthemselves.SuchnotestendtobeonlywithGHspeci-
mensbecauseol Wright'sprofessionalassociationwithGray.Noduplicateof
thisspecimenexistsatGHsosuchinformationisprobablylost.Furthermore,
Grayoftencutupnotesandcorrespondencetomakeintofragmentfolders(W.
Kittredge,pers.comm.).ThusifthesenotesstillexistatGHtheymayforma
packetononeoftheoverfivemillionspecimensmtheherbarium.
ThesethreeWrightcollectionsandthesingleParrycollectionwereob-
tainedwithinwhatiscurrentlywest-centralTexas,someofthisareahaving
beenincludedinasoutheastwardextensionottheMexicanprovinceofNew
Mexicopriortothesigningof theTreatyot GuadalupeHidalgo(Commons
1990).Thereafter,allthatispresentlypartofmodernTexaswasconsideredto
bewithintheUnitedStates,Texashavingcfaimedmostotwhatisnowmodern
NewMexico,northwardthroughpartsolColoradoandKansas,intoWyoming,
thislandlaterpurchasedfromTexasbytheUnitedStatesintheCompromise
of1850(Stephens&Holmes1988;Beck&Haase1989).WiththeseParryand
WrightcollectionsmadeafterGuadafupeHidalgoinanareathathassubse-
cfuentlybeenconsideredtobepartofTexasonly,anyinterpretationsinher-
bariumlabelsorintheliteratureofthesecollectionshavingcomefromNew^
MexicoornorthernMexicoareinerror.
Despitethepotentiallymisleadinglabelsonthesespecimens,Raffinishas
neverbeenreportedfrommodernNewMexicoinanyflorasofthatstate,which
isfortuitousbecauseasimilarsituationwithvagueherbariumlabelsmayhave
ledtothepotentialmisreportingofP.tcnuilobaforNewMexico(Martin&
Hutchms1981).Therefore,itcanbeassumedthatthegeographicrangeol P.
dffinisisrestrictedonlytocentralTexas,withscatteredpopulationsinnorth-
easternMexico.Thepotentialconfusioncreatedl^yold,vaguelabels,canlead
tofloristicuncertaintyandthisaloneshouldbeaninspirationtoallbotanists
tobeextremelythoroughinmakingtheircollectionlabels.
Specimense.xami[ied:MEXICt).NuevoLeon.Mcpo.LanipazasdeNaranjo:RanchoResendez,
Lampazas,22Jun14^7.M7.]:(lw(Uils29S(GH).Mcpo.Monterrey:MoniciTC)'.SierraMadreC^ricnial,
23Jul1933,(IHMucUc)&Ml.MuellerJOOCGHlMcpo.Santiago:trailbetweenPotreroRedondo&
LC:aesrrAojuZnatmaosr,a2,422AuAgug1Q1390,30C..Ht.ilMluBUaretrlct2t95H509(G4HJ(.GHT)a.mMacuploi.paVsicMtocrpioa.:IC2:irnuiillWas:ofVicV.icotforEila,M2i8lagAruog,
1948.Ki-Mdver&Crum.5366(GtU,
U.S.A.TEX/\S:BexarCo.:ComancheSpring,NewBraunlels,etc.,Aug-Sep,1849,h]Lindbeimer
817N74I(ARIZ.BM,BR.BR1T-SN4U,C,CAN,G[2lGH[21K,MO.NY,RPH,TEX,DC.US,W);San
Antonio,17Oct1920,E.D.Sthide401(LISJ.EdwardsCo.:DevilsSinkHole.29Sep1940,V.LCoyy
X5652(GH);39miS,ofSonora,l(iAug1941,V'L,Cory,58039(G\\):DevilsSinkHole,lOmiH,olRock
Springs,24Jul1946,DS.CondiIM12(BRIT,NY);lOmiSEofCartaValley,7Aug1965.D.S.Cortxll
31.537(GH),FayetteCo.:nolocalit\,nodate,RMcfiflies274(P),GillespieCo.:3iTnE,offarmroad.Imi
S,ofcountylineoffn.lb,20Jul1967,DS.Correll&H.B.ConcU,H292iGlI).HaysCo.:SanMarcos
GOLDMAN,LECTOTYPIFICATIONOFPASSIFLORAAFFINIS 283
andvicinity.Jul1897,S.W.Stanfiehls.n.(NY):lakebank,SanMarcos,25Jul1941,B.C.Tharps.n.(BRIT,
GH,NY,PH,USj.KerrCo.:Hunt,shoresofGuadalupeRiver,4Aug1969,P.Fryxell1099(NY).Kimble
3Co1.5:2T7e(lGeHg)r.apKhi,n8neOyctCo1.91:6F,t.E.jC.lParakl,m1e0rM10a9y4218(9U3S,);E.aAl.oMnegaLrlnasno14R3i9ve(rUSa)t;Ju1n0c3ti/o4nm,i6WSepof19L6a3g.uDn.aS.,C2o4rSredpI
1939,V.LCory33461(GH).LlanoCo.:EnchantedMt.,Fredricksburg,26Jun1932,CC.A/Ixt.s.s.n.(BRIT);
EnchantedRock.1Aug1938,B.C.Tharps.n.(NY).SuttonCo.:3/4miSWofFt.Terrett,20Aug1937,
V.L.Cory24090(GH).TravisCo.:aboveZilkerPark,Austin,10Oct1945,B.C.Tharp45-49(GH,NY);
HamiltonPool,8Jul1966,J.R.Crulchjield1802(NY):Austin,27Aug1978J.M.MacDougal448(US).
UvaldeCo.:fromWesternTexastoFlPaso.NewMexico.May-Oct1849,CWright217(GH|2]);N.
Mexico,1851,C.Wrights.n.(NY,PH).ValVerdeCo.:chieflyinthevalleyoftheRioGrande,below
Dofiana,nodate,C.C.Parry.J.M.Bigelow.C.Wright.&A.Schotts.n.(US):fromWesternTexastoEl
Paso,NewMexico,May-Oct1849,CWright2J8(GH[21US),Undeterminedlocality:Nueces,1880s,V.
Havard.s.n.(US).CULTIVATED:CornellUniversity,originallyfromU.Texas.SanAntonio.17Jun2001,
D.Goldman1769(BH);CornellUniversity,originallyfromU.Texas,SanAntonio,10Aug2001.D.
Goldman1819(BH);CornellUniversity,originallyfromU.Texas,SanAntonio,9Sep2001,D.Gold-
man2126(BH);CornellUniversity,originallyfromEdwardsCo.,TX,9Sep2001.D.Goldman2127
(BH);CornellUniversity,originallyfromU.Texas,SanAntonio,28Sep200f,D.Goldman2160(BH);
CornellUniversity,originallyfromU.Texas,SanAntonio,2Nov2001,D.Goldman2161(BH);Cornell
University,originallyfromU.Texas,SanAntonio,2Nov2001,D.Goldman2162(BH).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Th£\nksisgiventoLisaDeCesare,GretchenWadeandJudyWarnementforli-
braryandarchivesassistance;KenCameron,KanchiGandhi,WakerKittredge,
Scott"M"LaGreca,BarneyLipscombandTanyaLivshultzforvaluablediscus-
sionsorassistance;JohnMacDougalandKristenPorter-Utleyforreviewingthis
manuscriptandotherrelateddiscussions;thestaffatARIZ,BM,BR,BRIT-SMU,
C,CAN,G,GH,K,MO,NY,RPH,TEX,UCandUSforsendingloansand/or
makingdigitalimagesofspecimensavailable;Alain Changy(P),Jochen
Heinrichs(GOET)andBrunoWallnofer(W)forassistancewithfindingMatthes
specimens;BobDirig,KevinNixonandSherryVance(BH),andRichardZander
(BUF)forreceivingloansonmybehalf;MarshallEnquistandLarryGilbert
(TEX)forsendinglivematerialforcultivation;CarolBader,PaulCooper,Jerry
David,KimGoodwin,AndyLeedandMelissaLucknowforthefacilitationof
spaceandcultivationassistanceatCornellUniversity;AndrewColliganforas-
sistancewiththearchivesoftheMissouriBotanicalGarden;RenateHellmiss
andDanielSchottfortranslationsofMatthesmanuscripts;DanFulopforthe
SpanishtranslationoftheabstractandHobbesGoldmanforgeneralsupport
throughout.
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