Leading Russia: Putin in Perspective: Essays in Honour of Archie Brown

316 Pages·2005·1.2 MB·english

by  Alex Pravda

LEADING RUSSIA: PUTIN IN PERSPECTIVE

Leading Russia:
Putin in Perspective
Essays in Honour of Archie Brown
Edited by
ALEX PRAVDA
1
3
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Preface
ThisvolumeofessaysisapresentfromcolleaguesandfriendstoArchieBrownon
theoccasionofhisretirementasProfessorofPoliticsattheUniversityofOxford
and Professorial Fellow of St Antony’s College. In an academic career spanning
four decades, Brown has gained international recognition for his scholarship on
the politics of Communist and post-Communist states, particularly Soviet and
post-SovietRussia.
ArchieBrown’sinterestsareextensive,rangingfromtheScottishandRussian
Enlightenments of the eighteenth and twentieth centuries to British politics to
political culture in Communist states, and leadership and political change in the
USSRandRussia.
AllthoseembarkingoneditingaFestschriftfaceadifficultchoice.Dotheyput
together a collection of essays that touches on as many areas as possible of the
work of the scholar being honoured, or do they give priority to thematic coher-
ence?Inthiscase,thedifficultyofthechoicewaseasedbytwofactors.First,the
subject that stands at the centre of Archie Brown’s work, political leadership,
relates directly to most of the other large questions with which he has been
concerned,includingtheroleofcultureandinstitutionsintheprocessofpolitical
change. Second, Archie has such a large and distinguished circle of close col-
leagues and friends that it was possible to assemble from among them a team of
leadingspecialistsonleadershipandpoliticalchangeincontemporaryRussia.
AllrespondedwithenthusiasmtotheinvitationtojointheFestschriftteam.I
amindebtedtothecontributorsfortheadmirableefficiencywithwhichtheymet
editorialrequests,evenwhenthesecoincidedwithunusuallybusyperiodsintheir
lives.MythanksgotoDominicByattandClaireCroftofOxfordUniversityPress
for their encouragement, patience, and support in the process of producing the
volume. For invaluable help with ensuring that the final typescript was in good
orderIamindebtedtoJackieWillcox,theSecretaryandLibrarianoftheRussian
and Eurasian Studies Centre of St Antony’s College. Helen Belopolsky and my
wife, Riitta Heino, provided much appreciated editorial and research assistance.
I am very grateful to Pat Brown for helpful biographical information about her
husband,andforcompilingtheindexforthisbook,asshehasdoneforsomany
othersconnectedwithhisname.
In policy circles as well as in the academic world, Archie Brown’s name is
associated with outstanding analysis of Russian politics. Some of the qualities of
thatanalysis,andofhisscholarshipingeneral,arehighlightedinthereviewand
appreciation of hiswork which precedes the Introduction to this volume. Atthe
vi Preface
endofthebook,readerswillfindanannotatedbibliographyofBrown’sworkover
thelastfourdecades.Thebodyofthevolumeconsistsofessaysonkeydimensions
ofPutin’sleadershipandthechangesintheRussianpoliticalsystemoverwhichhe
has presided. The early chapters set Putin’s presidency in historical and com-
parativepost-Communistcontext.DetailedstudiesconsidertheimpactofPutin’s
leadership on elections, the legislature, popular attitudes towards democracy,
personnel policy, and the Kremlin’s relations with business tycoons as well as
regionalauthorities.Finally,twoRussiananalystsconsiderthedirectionsinwhich
Putin has taken their country in the domestic and the international arena. By
investigating Putin’s policies from different thematic and interpretive perspec-
tives, the volume seeks to provide a textured analysis of leadership problems in
contemporary Russia. In doing so, we hope to shed some light on the larger
questions of political leadership which Archie Brown has done so much to
illuminateoverthelastfortyyears.Thisbookisasmalltokenofourappreciation
ofhisscholarship,collegiality,andfriendship.
AlexPravda
StAntony’sCollege,Oxford
Contents
Preface v
NotesonContributors ix
1. ArchieBrown 1
AlexPravda
2. Introduction:PutininPerspective 23
AlexPravda
3. RegimesofPoliticalConsolidation:ThePutinPresidency
inSovietandPost-SovietPerspective 37
GeorgeW.Breslauer
4. SovietPoliticalLeadershipand‘Sovietological’Modelling 59
RobertService
5. RussianCorruptionandStateWeaknessinComparative
Post-CommunistPerspective 75
LeslieHolmes
6. PutinandtheAttenuationofRussianDemocracy 103
TimothyJ.Colton
7. MajorityControlandExecutiveDominance:
Parliament–PresidentRelationsinPutin’sRussia 119
PaulChaisty
8. Putin’sPopularityandItsImplicationsforDemocracyinRussia 139
StephenWhitefield
9. PutinasPatron:CadresPolicyintheRussianTransition 161
EugeneHuskey
viii Contents
10. Putinandthe‘Oligarchs’:ATwo-sidedCommitmentProblem 179
WilliamTompson
11. Putin’sReformoftheRussianFederation 203
NeilMelvin
12. VladimirPutin’sPoliticalChoice:TowardsBureaucratic
Authoritarianism 229
LiliaShevtsova
13. Putin’sForeignPolicyChoices 255
AndreiGrachev
AnAnnotatedBibliographyofPublishedWorkbyArchieBrown 275
JulieNewton
Index 295
Notes on Contributors
GeorgeW.BreslauerisChancellor’sProfessorofPoliticalScienceandDeanof
Social Sciences at theUniversity of California,Berkeley. He isauthor of Gorba-
chev and Yeltsin as Leaders (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) and
editor (with Victoria E. Bonnell) of Russia in the New Century: Stability or
Disorder? (Boulder, CO: Westview, 2001). His earlier publications include
KhrushchevandBrezhnevasLeaders(London:Allen&Unwin,1982).
PaulChaistyisaLecturerandTutorinPoliticsattheUniversityofOxford.He
received his Ph.D. in Politics from the University of Leeds. He has written a
number of publications on Russian parliamentary politics, including articles in
Legislative Studies Quarterly, Party Politics, and Europe-Asia Studies, and is the
authorofLegislativePoliticsandEconomicPowerinRussia(Basingstoke:Palgrave,
forthcoming).
TimothyJ.ColtonisMorrisandAnnaFeldbergProfessorofGovernmentand
Russian Studies and Director of the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian
StudiesatHarvardUniversity.HeistheauthorofMoscow:GoverningtheSocialist
Metropolis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995); Growing Pains:
RussianDemocracyandtheElectionof1993(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversity
Press, 1998); and Transitional Citizens: Voters and What Influences Them in the
NewRussia(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,2000).
AndreiGrachevisChairmanoftheScientificCommitteeoftheWorldPolitical
ForumandforeignaffairscorrespondentofMoscowNewsandNewTimes.Hewas
a senior research fellow at the Institute of World Economy and International
Affairs, Moscow from 1992 to 2001. In 1990–1 he was President Gorbachev’s
officialspokesman.HeistheauthorofFinalDays:TheInsideStoryoftheCollapse
oftheSovietUnion(Boulder,CO:Westview,1995);L’Exceptionrusse.Stalineest-il
mort?(Paris:Ed.duRocher,1997);andLeMyste`reGorbatchev.Laterreetledestin
(Paris:Ed.duRocher,2001).
Leslie Holmes is Professor of Politics at the University of Melbourne. He is
the author of Post-Communism: An Introduction (Oxford: Polity Press, 1997) and
co-author (with John Dryzek) of Post-Communist Democratization: Political Dis-
coursesAcrossThirteenCountries(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2002).
Eugene Huskey is William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Political Science and
Russian Studies at Stetson University, Florida. He is the author of Presidential