Leadership and Management in Healthcare A Guide for Medical and Dental Practitioners Stefan Abela 123 Leadership and Management in Healthcare Stefan Abela Leadership and Management in Healthcare A Guide for Medical and Dental Practitioners Stefan Abela Oral Health Department Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Norwich, UK ISBN 978-3-031-21024-2 ISBN 978-3-031-21025-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21025-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and trans- mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publica- tion does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to my wife Dr. Milisha Chotai, my parents Joseph and Pauline Abela, my siblings Shawn and Maria Abela, sibling-in-law Charmaine and Andrew and my parents-in-law, Mrs. Sudha Chotai and in loving memory of Dr. Narendra Chotai. Preface Managing complex clinical scenarios is a part of everyday practice for hospital doc- tors, but these clinical management skills take time to acquire. Specialty training pro- grammes in the UK are very thorough and train doctors to a very high clinical standard. However, training in hospital management is not part of the approved curriculum and in-depth guidance is often lacking or not provided at all. Final undergraduate students, trainees and newly appointed consultants, in particular, can be faced with complex management scenarios or may be tasked to solve crucial medical dilemmas. This is equally valid in real life on a daily basis or in very important interviews with little or no previous experience and knowledge on which to base their actions and responses. A limited number of management skills can be acquired through specific training programmes, but experience can only be gained with time. There is no formal path- way to gain skills in this area and so this book aims to provide the information necessary to facilitate and increase the ability of trainees to address potential issues before they escalate. Medical management and leadership is in a constant sphere of change. Changes are dictated by governmental administrators and providers alike with the ultimate aim being that of providing the ideal healthcare model. To this effect, some of the diagrams, management concepts and bodies could have been modified or replaced by the time this book is in full production. This book provides general concepts and models and the reader should be aware of the subtle differences that can be found between the national health services in the different constituent countries that comprise the UK. The author has, in the second part of the book attempted to outline strategies for dealing with the management problems that arise, often on a daily basis. The con- tents of this book will certainly increase the confidence of the reader preparing to face interviews, examinations and daily life as a medical or dental practitioner. It vii viii Preface will also be invaluable in obtaining familiarity with the system if you are preparing to move oversees or if you are based in a commonwealth country with similar medi- cal systems in place. This book is ideal for final-year medical and dental undergraduate students, post- graduate students including foundation-year doctors, medical and dental core train- ees, registrars, specialist practitioners and newly appointed consultants. Norwich, UK Stefan Abela January 2023 Junior and Academic Grades Nomenclature Junior Medical Grades Positions FY1 Foundation year one junior doctor FY2 Foundation year two junior doctor ST Specialty trainee in a hospital specialty SpR Specialty registrar in a hospital specialty GPST Specialty registrar in general practice Junior Dental Grades Positions DFT Dental Foundation trainee (previously known as VT - Vocational training) DCT1 Dental Core Trainee year one dentist DCT2 Dental Core Trainee year two dentist Dental Dental Specialist trainee StR Post- Post-Certificate of Completion of Specialist Training CCST Academic Medical Grades Positions ACF Academic clinical fellow CL Clinical lecturer CRF Clinical research fellow CSL Senior clinical lecturer RD Reader AP Associate professor Prof Professor Definitions of harm from the National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS) No harm: • Impact prevented—any patient safety incident that had the potential to cause harm but was prevented, resulting in no harm to people receiving NHS- funded care. • Impact not prevented—any patient safety incident that ran to completion, but no harm occurred to people receiving NHS-funded care. Minor harm: • Any patient safety incident that required extra observation, or minor treatment and caused minimal harm to one or more persons receiving NHS-funded care. ix x Junior and Academic Grades Nomenclature Moderate harm: • Any patient safety incident that resulted in a moderate increase in treatment and which caused significant but not permanent harm, to one or more persons receiv- ing NHS-funded care. Major harm: • Any patient safety incident that appears to have resulted in permanent harm to one or more persons receiving NHS-funded care. Catastrophic harm (including death) • Any patient safety incident that directly resulted in the death of one or more persons receiving NHS-funded care. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the many people who saw me through the writing of this book and to all those who provided support, talked things over and encouraged me to persevere in seeing the book through to publication. Heartfelt thanks go to my family, who supported and encouraged me. Above all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my wife, Dr. Milisha Chotai (DDS, PGCert, MSc, MSc), because her support and help never fail to surprise me. She has been invaluable and understanding in many ways, despite my commitment to the book taking me away from being close to her in times of need. The final thanks should go to all those who have been involved in the peer-review process; William Mifsud, Harshini Pindolia, Nitin Thacker, Salehi Mahan, Ramayee Sivasubramanian, Issar Hussain , Catherine Liu, Ryan Seguna, Ajay Kumar, Ronnie Farrugia and John Cutajar amongst others and all those whose names I will not mention to ensure that nobody feels forgotten. xi