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Leadership and Discovery Jepson Studies in Leadership Series Editors: George R. Goethals, Terry L. Price, and J. Thomas Wren Jepson Studies in Leadership is dedicated to the interdisciplinary pursuit of important questions related to leadership. In its approach, the series reflects the broad-based commitment to the liberal arts of the University of Richmond’s Jepson School of Leadership Studies. The series thus aims to publish the best work on leadership not only from management and organizational studies but also from fields such as eco- nomics, English, history, philosophy, political science, psychology, and religion. In addition to monographs and edited collections on leadership, included in the series are volumes from the Jepson Colloquium, which bring together influential scholars from multiple disciplines to think collectively about distinctive leadership themes in poli- tics, science, civil society, and corporate life. The books in the series should be of interest to humanists and social scientists, as well as to organizational theorists and instructors teaching in business, leadership, and professional programs. Books Appearing in This Series: The Values of Presidential Leadership edited by Terry L. Price and J. Thomas Wren Leadership and the Liberal Arts: Achieving the Promise of a Liberal Education edited by J. Thomas Wren, Ronald E. Riggio, and Michael A. Genovese Leadership and Discovery edited by George R.Goethals and J. Thomas Wren Lincoln’s Legacy of Leadership edited by George R. Goethals and Gary L. McDowell Leadership and Discovery Edited by George R. Goethals and J. Thomas Wren LEADERSHIP AND DISCOVERY Copyright © George R. Goethals and J. Thomas Wren, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-62070-4 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-38300-9 ISBN 978-0-230-10163-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230101630 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Leadership and discovery / edited by George R. Goethals and J. Thomas Wren. p. cm.—(Jepson studies in leadership) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-349-38300-9 1. Leadership. I. Goethals, George R. II. Wren, J. Thomas, 1950– III. Jepson School of Leadership Studies. HM1261.L415 2009 303.3(cid:2)4—dc22 2009012858 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: November 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C O N T E N T S Contributors vii Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 George R. Goethals and J. Thomas Wren Part I Defining the Leadership of Discovery One Discovery in Astronomy: Ex Uno Plures 11 Karen B. Kwitter Two The Perils of Searching for Leadership and Discovery: The Case of Jamestown and John Smith 27 Patrick Griffin Part II Leading Discovery Three Leadership in the History of Exploration 47 Felipe Fernández-Armesto Four Leadership and Discovery: Lessons from the Lewis and Clark Expedition 61 Daniel B. Thorp Five Leading NASA in Space Exploration: James E. Webb, Apollo, and Today 79 W. Henry Lambright Part III Experiencing Leadership and Discovery Six Self-Discovery 101 David A. Dunning vi Contents Seven Exploration and Discovery in Space 121 Jeffrey A. Hoffman Eight Leadership and Discovery 143 Gerrit L. Verschuur Part IV Ethical Challenges in the Leadership of Discovery Nine A Conspicuous Absence of Scientific Leadership: The Illusory Epidemic of Autism 157 Morton A. Gernsbacher Ten O n Giraffes and Bank Accounts: Rethinking Discovery, Creation, and Literary Imagination 171 Ronald F. Thiemann Conclusion: Understanding Leadership and Discovery 189 George R. Goethals Index 203 C O N T R I B U T O R S The Editors George R. (Al) Goethals holds the E. Claiborne Robins Distinguish- ed Professorship in Leadership Studies at the University of Richmond. He was on the faculty of Williams College for 36 years where he served as chair of the Department of Psychology, founding chair of the program in leadership studies, and provost. He has also held aca- demic and administrative appointments at the University of Virginia and Princeton University. In addition to his collegiate appointments, he has served as an editor, or on the editorial board of the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, and The Leadership Quarterly. With Georgia Sorenson and James MacGregor Burns, he is editor of the Encyclopedia of Leadership (2004) and with Sorenson he is editor of The Quest for a General Theory of Leadership (2006). With Crystal L. Hoyt and Donelson R. Forsyth he is editor of Leadership and Psychology, (2008) Volume 1 of Leadership at the Crossroads. He also has published numerous textbooks, chapters, and refereed articles in scholarly journals. His recent scholarship explores rooting for the underdog, image making in presidential debates, peer interac- tion and performance, and the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. He has received four research grants from the National Institute of Mental Health for his work on the studies of attribution theory and responses to social support and the role of similarity in social influence processes. After graduating magna cum laude from Harvard he obtained his Ph.D. in psychology from Duke University. J. Thomas Wren, as a historian and legal scholar, brings a unique per- spective to his position as professor of leadership studies at the Jepson School of Leadership Studies at the University of Richmond. He served viii Contributors for two years as associate dean for academic affairs and led the Jepson School as interim dean from July 2006 to July 2007. At the collegiate and national levels, he has contributed to the development of leader- ship studies as a significant arena for scholarly pursuit. He has served as editor of the Journal of Leadership Studies. He is the editor of The Leader’s Companion: Insights on Leadership Through the Ages and is a coeditor of the three-volume International Library of Leadership. His most recent book is Inventing Leadership: The Challenge of Democracy. An expert on Virginia history, he has written extensively on such subjects as James Madison and the Virginia courts. His research interests include the roles of leaders and followers, leadership education, and the intellectual history of lead- ership. After graduating summa cum laude from Denison University, he went on to earn his law degree from the University of Virginia, a mas- ter’s degree from George Washington University, and a second master’s degree and doctoral degree from the College of William and Mary. The Contributors David A. Dunning is a professor of psychology at Cornell University. An experimental social psychologist, he is a fellow of both the American Psychological Society and the American Psychological Association. He has published more than 75 scholarly journal articles, book chapters, and commentaries, and has been a visiting scholar at the University of Michigan, Yale University, and the University of Mannheim (Germany). He has also served as an associate editor of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology and is currently the executive officer of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. His work focuses primar- ily on the a ccuracy with which people view themselves and their peers. His research has been featured in numerous newspapers and maga- zines including The New York Times, U.S. News & World Report, and on National Public Radio and the CBS Early Show. It has even been mentioned in a Doonesbury cartoon. His most recent book is Self-Insight: Roadblocks and Detours on the Path to Knowing Thyself (2005, Psychology Press). He has also published work on eyewitness identification, depres- sion, motivated distortion in visual perception, stereotyping, and behavioral economics. Felipe Fernández-Armesto is the William P. Reynolds Professor of History in Notre Dame University’s Department of History, and pro- fessor of global environmental history at Queen Mary, University of Contributors ix London. Previously at Tufts University, he held the Prince of Asturias Chair in Spanish Culture and Civilization in the History Department. Born in London, he earned an M.A. and D. Phil. at the University of Oxford, where he spent much of his career, and has honorary doc- torates from La Trobe University and the Universidad de los Andes. His expertise is in global environmental history, comparative colonial history, topics in Spanish and maritime history, and the history of car- tography. His books include The Spanish Armada (1990), Millennium: A History of Our Last Thousand Years (1995), Truth: A History and a Guide for the Perplexed (1997), Civilizations (2000), Food: A History (published as Near a Thousand Tables in US/Can) (2001), The Americas (2003), Ideas That Changed the World (2003), Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration (2006), Amerigo: The Man Who Gave His Name to America (2006), and The World: A History (2006). His work has appeared in twenty-five languages. His awards include the World History Association Best Book Prize 2007. Morton A. Gernsbacher received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1983. She was a professor at the University of Oregon from 1983 to 1992 before joining the faculty at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where she is a Vilas Research Professor and the Sir Frederic C. Bartlett Professor of Psychology. She is a fellow of the Society for Experimental Psychologists, the American Psychological Association (Divisions 1, 3, and 6), the American Psychological Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She has received a Research Career Development (“K”) Award and a Senior Research Fellowship from the National Institutes of Health, a Fulbright Research Scholar Award, a James McKeen Cattell Foundation Fellowship, and a Professional Opportunities for Women Award from the National Science Foundation. She has also served as president of the International Society for Text and Discourse, president of the Division of Experimental Psychology, chair of the Board of Scientific Affairs, chair of the Publications Committee of the American Psychological Society, and chair of the Electorate Nominating Committee of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She has been an advisor to the NLM Family Foundation and the International Council for Developmental and Learning Disorders and is a member of the Governing Board of the Psychonomic Society, the Scientific Review Committee for the Cure Autism Now Foundation, and the Medical Affairs Committee of the National Alliance for Autism Research. She is past president of the American Psychological Society.
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