Le due rivoluzioni. Dalla Francia del 1789 alla Russia del 1917

179 Pages·2002·4.33 MB·Italian

by  Francois Furet

Fr an�Fo uirse t
LED UER IVOLUZIONI
1789 1917
DallFar andcei!a a llRau sdsei!a
Pre/aazleildo'in zeii toanldeii a na
MariVnaal ensise
Presendtia zione
MonaOzouf
LIBRERIA
UTELTi breria
viOar me7a5-1, 0 1T2o5r ino
www.utetlibreria.it
© 199E9d itGiaolnlsi mard
©2 00U2T EDTi ffusSiroin e
Titoorliog inale
LaR évoleunDt é;boant
TradudziCi aornAlelo b eBrtroi oschi
Id iridtitt ria dudziim oenmeo,ri zezlaeztitodrniroe in pircoa­,
duzieod niae d attatmoetonalp teao r zcioalqneu ,al smieazszio
(compimr iescir oelfi celom p foiteo stastoinricoseh rveap)te ir
tuitP taie si.
Findiist toam pnaermlees ed is ettem2b00r2de aS tampTaocrir­e,
nop,ec ro ndteolU lTaEL Ti breria
RistampO e:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Indice
VII Prefaazleiido'in zieit oanlei ana
XXI Presentazione
3 IntrodLu'ziinotneedll.ei lpgloealn iztai ca
11
LaR ivoluszeiniozTlnae e r rore?
Idli badtetgsilttiood r eiXlcI iXs ecolo
37 IIL aR ivolunzeiloln'ei mmpaogliintaircioo francese
53 IIL'Ii dferaa ndciRe isveo luzione
73 IVB urokl efia n deiu nsao sltao dr'iEau ropa
91
V 1789-a1n9d1ea7r t:ia t orno
113 Note
119 Fondteciia pitoli
121 CronoAvlvoegniiam.e ntdia 1lp87 r9 ai 1ln9 c1i8p ali
143 Inddiencioe m i

Prefaazl ei!do'inzieilt oianaen a
Colpniles rilceeg,g oeggriqe ue sstagigid i F ranFçuotri a,esp ­
partasr ii1l 9 8i01l 9 e9la 7fr,e scchheheza nzn oac oenrsvcaotno
ipla ssaedr elgian naid ,i spdeeltlgarta oivà td etelm ead elel'r­u
diizo cnoencu ivineet rat Setmarbtao na.ovaecrq uiusnt'aitno­
tenismiptràe Dvailpslrtaoa s.p dee tcimtabiiveaanm vtiis suti ne­
gilu ltdiceemnièn c io mseea vespseres uronola u ncuoev Lae.g­
gedno, ilfniatptosaism,iso ge iur neosno llt'oiianrei irontellettua­
lde iunsot coo dreilRliav olfurzainoccnheeaefrs f oen tilas uo
camcpoon telanaca diic h,ai rando nseelsemltspoossr loec eo
gettasnedmopl rese t esesmseen rtiieea, sf canreu csri epain te
sempnrueoe vs eem pnruoevi i ncdrioi cd ieM eap. ossaina­mo
cher icostltraèu pmierr ceiu erlatelcu ehs idang lanin Sieatntta
has pivnetro oqs uell'rii toi i:tlranmeorndatepolr ogreviotltuo­
zoinarlai soc,o mpdalerilsd'ame eas sidaiun naic acuaas p elra
qualeb atteirnvs iisde tl'leam acinpiaozneie dl,i rvzotiarol 'idea
d iedmocreaq uzeiladl irva io luzciehos neaegi nfla llidmeeln to
coumnsim roaelziazteol s au liaqiudazione.
Coscoìn,q uteisas gg ais,sisdtavii ican maololsa te sgseamir na­
ziodnee l ieldeech en eglrio d iqunidciia nhn aip ortlaospt eo­
ciadlleilasR tiav olfuraznicoednosepea o,ev rc ombaltsatt uot­o
riogmraarfixaei l s'tian teorntpeer leetoadlzeoilsgltiaoc ara i a,
passadraegl i acobalilaRn viioslmuozb oilosnceepe v mriectat er­
sia s tudilai'rdece oam unnieXXsl t sae ceol' lrioara dziiuonn­ie
versdaiul naee sperpioelnicztehapi ercna dil pe ots odealr elli-
VIII Prefazaileotdn'ie z iitoanlei ana
gioecn oem uen rae liigmipooinsn eue do oig ims iu,io dioe ul ni
culdtimo a sAsnac.ou rnvaao lstpaea tM taanO az olusaft ,u dio­
sad elfleased t eal l'ruitvoopliuacz hideoiF n uarfreuait ma i ca,
collabeoc roamtprdlitiica cesne et mii ena avrvie netduirteo riali,
imle rdiiat vore iru qnuietrsoat cac doisl atgpagef ira runnpe i c­
coclloa sdseilscltoao riforgarnaLcfieeags gee.sn cdooplrii,r emo
dunqicu oen teol rleni ind efie o rdzealc loan giiucnnu tniua rca­
queartot,r alvmaea rprspaoag ieos nfaotlag poerrrai ngtoer,e di
conceea tbtidilis i itnàct heneseo i ff,rl eos tessos eFmuprreet ,
fedaeu lnme e toddsio t ucdhipeoi elg'aa ttpeenirpzl ai sosnaet o
all'urcgaepniipzlrra ee sdEeidnè p t reo.pq ruieos t'cahase p etto
venatnin id idsitc aonnztaair neunadi se ursoeai g ugniso t ru­
menptroe zpieocrsh oi unaqbubaeic au olr'ei ntedlelli genza
mondelo ie d neeec espsecaror miper enderlo.
DalRliav oluzioanq eu edfl'rlOaatn tcioeplbsa rese s apgegri o
Furseicto mpiinve i rdtiuù np rincipio comune, impellente
quanto misterdiepolos toce:hr eeelm 'earnugeteldo linato ­mia
tatduiRr oab eseps iriei rtrireqno u veadl elSiao vaitlee tm dpio
Leneii nnn,o me sdteeolsnlsnaai podteelvnlozala op netràm ette
dis tabuinlsaio rrdetic a o ntitnriuaTli e tràrg oiraec odbeiln o
1792-l9pe4u regs htea linneilRalunases s oivai deetgailncina i
TrenIctlha ae.v viade insep deetltloa ddemolat rtxriilsnema­o
ninioss mumooa, l grvaidscotha,oem metqtueperrlei nscii­pio
gninfiecgala sert ee lsesgdege dili vesntiorered i eclol 'evoluzio­
nes occihasele ec oirn idvoo lubzoilosncauernvviaio clahtbiao, ­
lilt'ae cocnaopmiitaeal lleie sgdtgemiilec rac aavtroe,bd boe­ro
vuptoor taia nrset auunrr eagrdielim i eb reeraatltàet ralev'­e rso
mancipazione sociOarlape,r odpeqrluileo's itnat era umanità.
pretsecsiae ndtioi bfibceaad lillreeegd geils ltaon roilnaa scia
spapzeiarof frontcahrfieen iqsuicenolenlvoei tapberiril ­mente
suldtealrdleee v iaozd ieolsnleiem pilniccoin gdreuslei nsztee ­
maa:c omindcaiGlau rlceah gse,a irtlàa bdùe lsltoa lianli-smo
1e'p odceacl o munriesamloei a znzcaootgrogac i r,o lll'aUtRaS S
es epoitllot toa lictoanrtiaigs nrmuaoavc, ao urnnre e siddriui o-
Prefaazlei!do'in zieit oanlei ana IX
serobi on dignraeztiroonscepo emtpetr iovbaa,b ile riflesso di
uniad ienac oncseuplcilobasi clideee,pni oz sat coemuurnoi­sti
peeii p na rtiictoalleairraedende piila, r ptiioùtc oc ideep nitùa le
democrfarttaui qtcutoeis l altide elllli'tUiR SS.
Comèep ossiinbfaiptleteni,s, iad lri es podteilrslimavo o lu­
ziosnese èi,c onvcihnletal i i berdaezplir oonlee steagrniia to
l'awdeenltlo' emadneclli'puiaotnzme iorao rtnate r alv'earbsoo­
lizdieoclna ep iteal lsaio spmpor edsemslei rocnEae t coph?ui ò
mettiecnra eul saa degedneellrliaabz ceihroaetnr àera, in veag a­
reid irdietlptleiar suomnaans aesc, ir endedelo gdmeal l'egua­
gliraenazclahie ecl o muniinssmtosa uuprearl a'nedgou aglianza
astrela ceto tsai,d ldiebtbetorert gàehf eosrimC aelrist?qeo u,e ­
stseo nlpoer emeidslis sep,o dteilrslimavo o lèui znicoonnec epi­
biNlees.s suandroià s paodas fftroo nsteantrzilaroi a nbr aell leo
circo«setsatneczrhesne pe i»n agt ornaold baio rnedt esàli ste­
maE.s cia piaslclceoo rmmaea p ie mro latnine ii cn,e cratasini ­
coraad esilsleo g,a tmrRieav oluezT ieornredo ermeo,c er azia
dispostiriais mmaous,nbt uocn oe nreol rliaf lepsosliidotani ec a,
eviota agrgeip renaror enes seirnngeh icooltnuet l ittciiem ret ez­
zeE. q uensotènos uccseosnlseoog a lninS ie ttqaunatnad,o
molitnOi c cidgernatazelil,lee a t tedredaiit susriradu esens tii
dell'dEeulrloa'pnEad; atvs,ac noop rlepanr doiovr ar eversibile
defall limdeesnlit sotc eommau ndiasntidano,i a zliclora i atli ca
totaliet ianrciosrmaog giandsoo cli'aelvdoelmuozciroantei ca
delslian irsatdrieacs aolcei alcMoamp uenrisnsietngaaoln. in i
Ottaqnutaana Md oos lcsaae qudeegliea r ontoCcrreamtlii ­del
nos 'inteirmrpurpopwei scaolmn'e enntitensr caetdnaiua n
giovsaenger edtePalCr UipSoi ednipo r ogeed tiat mib izioni
riforcmoamtMeri icchGiao,ir lbe vac,co nvcihniestl io s tseom­a
viestpiio ctoee smseen deca orrer eagf goerdrzigea l asenp oes­t
restmreonitklraie,e n iedzili iobneir eai lrlii scmoon oscimento
dedii rdietltli'n uooanmv or ebfabtetarolo tc rhaoec celerarne
l'implAoq suieopsnrteoo.p ocsointsoii,llg e ltidtoiao nrdea re
subail teog gle'ruslcita ipmidotqi ou leols itbo1r 7o8,9 -a1n9­17:
daetr ai tournnbo e,al fflr'e ssuclioll el uesl imeoa nnii polazioni