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O72a# Ti. /4/7-0: 7 77 S, Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports FOREWORD Each year members of the Nation's law enforcement community gather in Washington, D.C., at the National Law Enforcement Officer's Memorial to honor their fellow officers that were slain in the line of duty during the previous year. This annual ceremony is a stark reminder to police officers, their families, and the Nation of the risks inherent in serving and protecting our communities. For over 24 years, the Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted program of the FBI has fulfilled an ongoing commitment to provide law enforcement with the information needed to develop strategies to safeguard officer lives and prevent injury. It is unlikely that policing America’s communities will become less dangerous, and the information contained in this publication is designed to keep officers aware of dangers they face in their professions. —as CONTENTS Page Trtr rrrrrr rtrr rrr rere re Tr e e ee ee ee ee ee ee | SECTION I; LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED «.« 60. 3 Special Study: The Effect of Body Armor on the Risk of Fatality in Felonious STE TT TTT ETE ETE LITLE LEE 7 Charts: PPT TELE EEE EEE EEE LEE 21 PTET EEELELE LEE EEEE EEE 24 Civoummtamoes af cceme, 19GS-1906 0 eee eee eee eee eee eee eeeeeeee 30 Tables: PTT TTT ELLE LULL EEE 11 THO GE WOROR Dy CURIE, TTUR=TTES 0 eee e reece errr eens sevens 15 TTT TLE LEE EE RERELELELE ELE 15 PTT TTL LE TLE LE REEL ILL ELELELELELELELELeeiee 16 Distance between victim officers and offenders, 1985-1994 © 00 en 16 TTT EET EEE EEL ELE LELETELEETee 17 PTET EEE 17 Officers shot in torso while wearing body armor, 1985-1994 200 ee 18 PTT TTT TEL TLE EL LEE EE LILLIE Litre 21 TT TTT TU CTEL ULC TEE LULL LELeeLeele 22 TT TT LLL ELE EL ULEU LEE LEE iri 22 Population group by type of assignment, 1994 2000ee e eens 23 ee £66 eek ee ee SCRE HE CORRES CORO RO OSES EEE 25 Circumstances at scene of incident by region, 1985-1994 2000n ee 29 Ciroumustamess at coeme Of imeiiemt, 1905-1908 20 ceeeee cece rere eens 31 Circumstances by type of assignment, 1985-1994 2.00.ee e eee 32 SN PPP TELE LEE LELELE LETTE 33 PTT TTT TLE LTTE CETTE TTT ETT 34 TTT TTT TCL TELE EE TEPC EETTrTrere 37 PCT T TE TTT T CLUE ELCLELTETUTETrrrrieT 38 FP EEE TELAT LOULEEETeerTrrrie 39 Accidental deaths by region, division, and state, 1985-1994 00 eee 63 re ee 666s eee eee OO RESEC CO CRC OR CORE OOO CEE HA 65 Summaries of felonious incidents, 1994 eS 43 SECTION Il; LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ASSAULTED . 6.6 eee 67 Tables: Cn CD occ eee ree eeeeeeereeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeneeeerereeees 69 PME, DEED ccc reer e reer e creer eee ee eer errr eereeeeeeeeeeeeeeens 69 Region and division by type of weapon, 1994 6 ee 70 Population group by tyopf weeapo n, 1994 © ee 70 Circumsbyt tyapen ocf eweaspo n, 1994 2 0 ee 71 Type of assignment by circumstances, 1994 © 00 ee e 72 Type of weapon and percent injured, 1985-1994 0 ees 73 PPT ETT ELUTE EEE EE LEE 74 Time of day by population group, 1994 © 0 ee ees 74 Percent cleared, circumstances and population group, 1994 © 0 en 75 SECTION Ill: ASSAULTS ON FEDERAL OFFICERS 9.2.00 00s 77 Tables: Victims and known assailants, 1993-1994 20 eee eee 79 TT TEETER EEEEEE LE LELELELELEL EE 80 Type of weapon and extent of injury, 1990-1994 © 00s 81 Department by type of weapon, 1990-1994 20e ee eee 82 Department and agency by type of weapon, 1994 20 ees 83 Department and agency by activity, 1994 200 eeee ee eee 84 TTR EEE LEER ELEEEULIELLELLL 85 Region, division, and state by type of weapon, 1994 © 0 es 86 —eeEEeE—E—EEeEEEEeEeeeeeeE ee eee occurring in the United States and in serious injury or instances its territories, as well as those in where a weapon was used which which a United States law en- could have caused serious injury forcement officer dies while or death. Other assaults are assigned to duties in another recorded only if they involved METHODOLOGY country. In addition, the Bureau more than verbal abuse or minor of Justice Assistance, admin- resistance to an arrest istrator of the Public Safety Officers Benefits Program, In all of Section Il, the data maintains contact throughout the are based on information from year, supplying information 10,626 law enforcement agencies regarding officers whose survivors supplying figures for all 12 Presented throughout this have received benefits. This months of 1994, These agencies publication are tables, charts, and threefold reporting procedure offered services to approximately narrative comments addressing the ensures the validity and 222 million inhabitants or 85 number of law enforcement offi- completeness of the data. percent of the Nation's total cers killed or assaulted. The unit population. Tables 2, 4, 9, and of count is the victim officer, not Once notification of the line- 10 of this section are presentations the number of incidents or of-duty death is received, inquiries by population groups. The table weapons employed. In tabulations to obtain additional details on page 2 shows the summary of pertaining to weapons used, concerning the circumstances the population coverage and personal weapons are considered surrounding the incident are number of agencies represented. to be any part of the body -- directed to the victim officer's hands, fists, feet, etc. -- which employing agency. Information Addressed in Section III of can be employed as a weapon. concerning two federal programs this publication are assaults on Because of the following outlined which provide benefits to criminal justice officers employed differences in data collection and survivors of non-federal law by five Federal Government reporting procedures, care must enforcement officers killed in the entities -- the United States be taken when attempting any line of duty is furnished to the Departments of the Interior, comparisons between the agency. Pertinent criminal history Justice, and Treasury; the United information presented on law data concerning the individuals States Capitol Police; and the enforcement officers killed and identified in connection with Postal Service. Within these five those assaulted. felonious killings are obtained federal sectors are 10 agencies, from the FBI's Interstate bureaus, or services which employ In Section I are statistics on Identification Index. the majority of the personnel who felonious or accidental deaths of are responsible for protecting duly sworn federal, state, and Section II contains data Government officials and local law enforcement officers pertaining to assaults on sworn enforcing and investigating having full arrest powers. city, county, and state law violations of federal laws. On an Notification of duty-related deaths enforcement officers. The annual basis, these departments is received by the Uniform Crime information is collected on a are contacted and requested to Reporting (UCR) Program from monthly basis from UCR Program submit information on their three sources. State and local law contributors who compile and officers who are assaulted in the enforcement agencies participating submit their data by one of two line of duty during the calendar in the UCR Program submit means: either directly to the FBI year. preliminary data on any officer or through their state-level UCR killed in the line of duty within Programs. Section III's tabulations | their jurisdictions. FBI field concerning assaults on federal divisions and legal attache offices Law enforcement agencies officers differ somewhat from also report such incidents report figures on assaults resulting those on the other law enforcement entities addressed in justice personnel, Regardless of assaults or threats to assault are this publication, The the extent or even the absence of included in the compilations. circumstance categories are personal injury, all reports of tailored to depict the unique duties performed by federal criminal Population Population Number of Group Covered Agencies Group | (250,000 and over) 46,423,959 64 Group II (100,000 - 249,999) 18,925,567 129 Group III (50,000 - 99,999) 22,063,985 321 Group IV (25,000 - 49,999) 21,675,120 627 Group V (10,000 - 24,999) 23,303,727 1,475 Group VI (under 10,000)' 19,565,303 5,573 Suburban Counties’ 46,516,624 658 Rural Counties 23,097 ,286 1,779 Total 221,571,571 10,626 ' Includes universities and colleges to which no population is attributed. * Includes state police to which no population is attributed. age. Sixty-four of the slain and 12 were off duty but acting in officers were white, 11 were an official capacity when slain. black, and one was Asian/Pacific Islander. Figures for 1985 through 1994 also show that the largest SECTION I: The law enforcement officers percentage of victim officers were killed in 1994 averaged 10 years assigned to vehicle patrol when LAW of experience. Twenty-seven they were slain. Fifty-four percent ENFORCEMENT officers had over 10 years of law of the vehicle patrol officers were OFFICERS KILLED enforcement service; 26 had 5 to alone and unassisted at the time of 10 years of service; and 15 had | their deaths, while 31 percent of to 4 years. Eight officers had less the victim officers on other types than | year of law enforcement of assignments were alone and experience. unassisted. Circumstances Alleged Assailants Surrounding Deaths During 1994, 76 law Seventy-one of 76 slayings of enforcement officers were killed During 1994, 31 officers lost law enforcement officers in 1994 in the line of duty. Officers’ their lives during arrest situations. have been cleared. Of the 106 deaths were recorded by law A further breakdown of these suspects identified in connection enforcement agencies in 29 states, situations showed 16 officers were with the murders, 102 were male, the District of Columbia, and killed by robbery suspects, 3 by and 4 were female. Fifty-six of Puerto Rico. Of the victims, 45 suspects during drug-related the suspects were white, and 45 were employed by city police situations, 3 by burglary suspects, were black. Sixty-eight of the 106 departments, 14 by county police and 9 by assailants suspected of alleged assailants were under the and sheriffs’ offices, and 8 by other crimes. age of 30. state agencies. Three deaths were reported by two federal agencies, Fifteen officers were slain Sixty-one of the suspects and Puerto Rico reported 6 investigating suspicious persons or identified had previous arrests, killings. circumstances; 11 were killed and 41 had a prior conviction. while enforcing traffic laws; 8 The records showed that 46 The total was higher in 1994 were killed while responding to suspects had previous arrests for than in 1993 when 70 officers disturbance calls; 6 were crimes of violence, 26 for drug- were slain. Comparisons for ambushed; 4 were killed while related offenses, and 41 for 5- and 10-year periods showed the dealing with mentally deranged weapons violations. number of officers slain in 1994 individuals; and | was killed was 15 percent higher than in while handling or transporting a Of the 106 persons identified, 1990, but 3 percent below the prisoner. 75 have been arrested by law 1985 total. enforcement agencies. Sixteen Types of Assignment were justifiably killed (5 by victim Victims officers), 11 committed suicide Patrol officers accounted for subsequent to slaying the officers, Of the 76 officers killed in 50 of the 76 victims in 1994. Of and 4 are fugitives. No suspects 1994, 73 were males and 3 were those officers killed while on have been identified in connection females. The average age of patrol, 43 were assigned to 1- with six slayings. officers slain was 36. Six of the officer vehicles, 6 to 2-officer victims were under the age of 25; vehicles, and | was on foot Dispositions of 973 persons 20 were between the ages of 25 patrol. Fourteen victims were on identified in connection with and 30; 29 were aged 31 through detective or special assignment, officers’ murders during the 40; and 21 were over 40 years of decade, 1983-1992, were reviewed. By moving the period frame, 169 officers fired their protective vests. Two officers back 2 years, the number of service weapons, and the weapons were killed by the wounds in the pending cases was only 15, Of the of 122 officers were stolen. back area and/or lower abdominal 973 identified, 787 were arrested area not protected by their vest. and charged; 129 were justifiably More than half of the officers killed; | was murdered in an killed by gunshot wounds during Also wearing vests, 8 officers unrelated incident; 51 committed this 10-year period were within 5 were intentionally struck by suicide; and 5 remain at large. feet of their assailants at the time vehicles, 3 officers were stabbed, of the attack. Forty-seven percent 1 was beaten, | was struck on the Among those persons charged of the firearm fatalities were head with a bucket of spackling for whom final disposition is caused by wounds to the head, 47 compound, and | pushed to his known, 73 percent were found percent by upper torso wounds, death. guilty of murder; 8 percent were and 6 percent by wounds below found guilty of a lesser offense the waist. See the following special related to murder; and 4 percent report on body armor. were found guilty of some crime During 1994, firearms were other than murder. Nine percent used in 75 of the 76 slayings. Places of the suspects were acquitted or Handguns were the murder had charges against them weapons in 63 of the killings, The most populous region, the dismissed, and 2 percent were rifles in 8, and shotguns in 4. Six Southern States, reported 24 of committed to psychiatric officers were shot with their own the 76 officers’ fatalities in 1994. institutions. One percent of the service weapons. The Western States reported 18, persons charged with the officers’ and the Midwestern States murders died in custody before As in previous years, the most reported 16 officers slain. The final disposition was determined. common handgun cartridge types Northeastern States reported 12, used against officers in 1994 were and Puerto Rico reported 6. Available data revealed that the .38 caliber, .380 caliber, and 112 of the 580 offenders found 9 millimeter. These three weapons A comparison of regional totals guilty of murder were sentenced jointly accounted for more than for the two periods, 1985-1989 to death, 274 received life half of the handgun deaths. and 1990-1994, showed that the imprisonment, and 190 were given number of officers killed duing prison terms ranging from 5 to One officer in 1994 was the latter 5-year span declined in 450 years. Two were placed on intentionally struck with a vehicle. all regions except the Midwest. probation, and 2 were given indeterminate sentences. Body Armor Times Weapons Of 223 officers wearing body In the past 10 years, 63 armor when slain during the past percent of the incidents result- Firearms claimed the lives of 10 years, 130 suffered gunshot ing in officers’ deaths occurred 92 percent of the 708 officers wounds to the head, 61 suffered from 6:01 p.m. to 6 a.m. The killed in the line of duty from gunshot wounds to the upper figures show the periods from 1985 through 1994. Seventy-three torso, and 18 suffered gunshot 4:01-6 a.m. and 6:01-8 a.m. to be percent of the murders were com- wounds below the waist. Of 61 the hours when the fewest officers mitted by the use of handguns, 13 officers killed by upper torso are slain and the 2-hour period, percent by rifles, 6 percent by wounds, 31 officers were killed 8:01-10 p.m., to be when the shotguns, and 8 percent by other when bullets entered between the greatest number are killed. weapons. panels of the vests or through the arm openings. Seventeen were Daily figures for the decade, Eighty-nine officers were slain killed by wounds above the vest 1985-1994, showed more officers with their own weapons during the area, and 11 officers were slain were slain on Fridays than on any 10-year period. In the same time when the bullets penetrated their other day of the week; the least number of fatalities was recorded occurring while performing their Regionally, the Southern States on Sundays. A review of the official duties in 1994, Fifty recorded 26 accidental deaths; the monthly totals for the same years officers were killed in automobile, Midwestern States, 13; the showed January with the highest motorcycle, and aircraft accidents; Western States, 12; and the figure, 74. 7 were accidentally struck by Northeastern States, 6. Five vehicles; 2 were accidentally shot, officers were accidentally killed in Accidental Killings and 3 were killed in other types of Peru. accidents such as falls, drowning, Sixty-two officers lost etc. their lives due to accidents (BLARIK (PAGE