Laus Angelica: Poetry in the Medieval Mass

342 Pages·2011·3.079 MB·English

by  Gunilla Iversen, Jane Flynn (editor), William Flynn (editor)

LAUS ANGELICA
MEDIEVAL CHURCH STUDIES

VOLUME 5
LAUS ANGELICA
Poetry in the Medieval Mass
by
Gunilla Iversen
Edited by Jane Flynn
Translated by William Flynn
H
F
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Iversen, Gunilla.
Laus angelica : poetry in the medieval mass. -- (Medieval
church studies ; v. 5)
1. Catholic Church--Europe--Liturgy--History--To 1500.
2. Liturgy and poetry--History--To 1500. 3. Church
music--Catholic Church. 4. Tropes (Music)--History and
criticism. 5. Religious poetry, Latin--History and
criticism. 6. Latin poetry, Medieval and modern--History
and criticism. 7. Mass--Celebration--History--To 1500.
8. Europe--Church history--600-1500.
I. Title II. Series III. Flynn, Jane.
264.3'6'094'0902-dc22
ISBN-13: 9782503531335
© 2010, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
D/2010/0095/78
ISBN: 978-2-503-53133-5
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations vii
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Note on the English Edition xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
Introduction: New Lyric Genres in the Medieval Mass 1
Chapter 1: Encountering the Sacred: Medieval Interpretations 21
of the Mass Introit
Chapter 2: To Sing with the Prophets: Tropes for the Antiphon 33
of the Mass Introit
Chapter 3: Kyrie Eleison: Bilingual Prayer and Chanted Incense 63
Chapter 4: Gloria in Excelsis Deo: The Hymn of the Angels 93
Chapter 5: To Sing with the Host of Angels: Sequences of the 127
Early Period
Chapter 6: In Praise of the Virgin Mary: Sequences of the 161
Twelfth Century
Chapter 7: Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus: The Hymn of the Angels 181
and Mankind in Praise of the Trinity
Chapter 8: Agnus Dei: Prayer to the Lamb of God, Praise 217
to the King of Angels
Chapter 9: Symphony of the Celestial Harmony: 235
Liturgical Language and Hildegard’s Poetry
Chapter 10: Singing with Angels: Heavenly Music in 255
Liturgical Poetry
Epilogue 281
Bibliography 283
Index of Manuscripts 297
Index of Textual Incipits 299
Index of Biblical Passages 303
General Index 305
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
Figure 1, p. 3: Charlemagne, Pepin, and a scribe. Modena, Biblioteca Capitolare,
cod. ma. lat. O.1.2.
Figure 2, p. 9: Puer natus est: the Introit antiphon for the Third Mass of
Christmas in a gradual from Bologna. Rome, Biblioteca Angelica, MS 123,
fol. 31r.
Figure 3, p. 10: St Gregory inspired by the Holy Spirit in the Hartker Antiphoner.
St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. 390/391, fol. 13r.
Figure 4, p. 11: St Gregory inspired by the Holy Spirit. Monza, Biblioteca
Capitolare, MS 76, fols 4v–5r.
Figure 5, p. 11: Gregorius presul: the introduction to the chants of the Mass of the
liturgical year. Monza, Biblioteca Capitolare, MS 76, fols 6v–7r.
Figure 6, p. 26: The angel near the altar: illumination in the commentary on the
Apocalypse by Beatus of Liébana. New York, Morgan Library and Museum,
MS M. 644, fol. 133v.
Figure 7, p. 34: Hodie cantandus: Introit trope for the Third Mass of Christmas
in a troper-proser from St Gall. St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. 376, p. 39.
Figure 8, p. 40: Puer natus est: illumination for the Third Mass of Christmas in a
troper-proser from Autun. Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 1169, fol. 3v.
Figure 9, p. 40: The angel announcing the birth to the shepherds. Paris, Biblio-
thèque de l’Arsenal, MS 1169, fol. 4r.
viii
Illustrations
Figure 10, p. 45: The three wise men: illumination for Epiphany in a troper from
Prüm. BnF, MS lat. 9448, fol. 23v.
Figure 11, p. 45: Christ’s baptism in the Jordan and the wedding at Cana: illu-
mination for Epiphany in a troper from Prüm. BnF, MS lat. 9448, fol. 26v.
Figure 12, p. 48: Resurrexi: the Introit antiphon for Easter in a gradual-troper
from Benevento. Benevento, Biblioteca Capitolare, MS 34, fol. 123r.
Figure 13, p. 50: Resurrexi: the women and the angel at the tomb; illumination in
a troper from Prüm. BnF, MS lat. 9448, fol. 33r.
Figure 14, p. 50: Resurrexi: the women and the angel at the tomb; illumination in
the Liber magistri of Piacenza. Piacenza, Biblioteca Capitolare, MS 65, fol.
234v.
Figure 15, p. 58: St Peter freed by the angel: illumination in a troper-proser from
Autun. Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 1169, fol. 44v.
Figure 16, p. 59: Nunc scio vere: Introit tropes for the Mass of St Peter in a troper-
proser from Moissac. BnF, MS n.a. lat. 1871, fols 24v–25r.
Figure 17, p. 60: St Peter’s, Moissac, South Portal (detail). Photograph by Gun
Kessle.
Figure 18, p. 61: St Peter’s, Moissac, South Portal: Maiestas Domini. Photograph
by Gun Kessle.
Figure 19, p. 70: Pater infantium: Kyrie trope in a troper-proser from St Gall.
St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. 378, p. 365.
Figure 20, p. 73: The massacre of the innocents: illumination in a troper from
Prüm. BnF, MS lat. 9448, fol. 18r.
Figure 21, p. 73: The massacre of the innocents: illumination in a troper-proser
from Autun. Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 1169, fol. 11r.
Figure 22, p. 76: Clemens Rector aeterne: Kyrie in a troper-proser from St Gall.
St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. 378, p. 367.
Figure 23, p. 78: Te Pater supplices: Kyrie in a troper-proser from St Évroult. BnF,
MS lat. 10508, fol. 6r.
Figure 24, p. 88. Kyrie Virginitatis: Kyrie in a troper-proser from England. Paris,
Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 135, fol. 230v.
ix
Illustrations
Figure 25, p. 89: Kyrie Virginitatis: Kyrie in a troper-proser from England. Paris,
Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 135, fol. 231r.
Figure 26, p. 104: Quem cives celestes: Gloria trope for the feast of the Ascension
in a troper-proser from Autun. Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 1169,
fol. 40r.
Figure 27, p. 105: Opening lines of Gloria in excelsis deo with the incipits of
tropes. BnF, MS lat. 10501, fol. 185r.
Figure 28, p. 111: Pax sempiterna, Navititatem: ‘trope of a trope’ of the Gloria in
a troper-proser from St Évroult. BnF, MS lat. 10508, fols 23v–24r.
Figure 29, p. 111: Pax sempiterna, Navititatem: ‘trope of a trope’ of the Gloria in
a troper-proser from St Évroult. Paris, BnF, MS lat. 10508, fols 24v–25r.
Figure 30, p. 117: Flos laudis: Gloria trope in a troper-proser from Moissac. BnF,
MS n.a. lat. 1871, fols 74v–75r.
Figure 31, p. 142: Has celebres, Rex: the ‘prose of the angels’ in a troper-proser
from Moissac. BnF, MS n.a. lat. 1871, fol. 159r.
Figure 32, p. 143: Has celebres, Rex: the ‘prose of the angels’ in a troper-proser
from Moissac. BnF, MS n.a. lat. 1871, fol. 159v.
Figure 33, p. 144: St Michael overcoming the dragon: illumination in a troper
from Prüm. BnF, MS lat. 9448, fol. 71r.
Figure 34, p. 156: Angel celebrating at the Dedication: illumination in a troper-
proser from Autun. Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 1169, fol. 44r.
Figure 35, p. 156: Angel freeing St Peter: illumination in the Liber magistri of
Piacenza. Piacenza, Biblioteca Capitolare, MS 65, fol. 241r.
Figure 36, p. 158: The choirs of angels: illumination in an Exultet roll from
Monte Cassino. Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS lat. 9820.
Figure 37, p. 182: The elders around the throne: illumination in the commentary
on the Apocalypse by Beatus of Liébana. New York, Morgan Library and
Museum, MS M. 644, fol. 87r.
Figure 38: p. 183. The elders around the throne (detail), St Peter’s, Moissac,
South Portal: Maiestas Domini. Photograph by Gun Kessle.
x
Illustrations
Figure 39, p. 199: Principium sine principio Deus: Sanctus trope in a gradual from
St Denis. BnF, MS lat. 1107, fols 393v–394r.
Figure 40, p. 202: Quem cherubin atque seraphin: Sanctus trope in a gradual from
Pistoia. Pistoia, Biblioteca Capitolare, C 121, fol. 79r.
Figure 41, p. 204: Osanna Plasmatum populum: Hosanna prosula in a troper-
proser from Auch. BnF, MS lat. 1118, fol. 21v.
Figure 42, p. 220: Lux lucis: Agnus Dei trope in a troper-proser from St Évroult.
BnF, MS lat. 10508, fols 127v–128r.
Figure 43, p. 244: O tu suavissima virga: responsary by Hildegard of Bingen.
Dendermonde, St.-Pieters-en-Paulusabdij, cod. 9, fol. 157r.
Figure 44, p. 263: Clangat hodie: Hosanna prosula in a troper-proser from St Martial,
Limoges. BnF, MS lat. 1139, fols 74v–75r.
Map
p. 13: Places associated with medieval manuscripts containing liturgical poetry.
Plates
Plate 1, p. 175: St Gregory inspired by the Holy Spirit in the Sacramentary of
Charles the Bald. BnF, MS lat. 1141, fol. 3r.
Plate 2, p. 176: Tropes for the Introit for Epiphany, Ecce advenit, in a troper-
proser from St Martial, Limoges. BnF, MS lat. 1121, fol. 8v.
Plate 3, p. 177: Gloria in excelsis deo: the beginning of the collection of Gloria
tropes in a troper-proser from Limoges. BnF, MS lat. 1084, fols 98v–99r.
Plate 4, p. 178: Omnipotens altissime: Gloria trope, opening of the Gloria rep-
ertory. BnF, MS lat. 1121, fol. 42r.
Plate 5, p. 179: The Jesse tree surrounded by four symbols of the virginity of
Mary: Daniel in the lions’ den; the three young men in the furnace; Moses at
the burning bush; the bedewed fleece of Gideon; illumination for the sermon