Launch an Amazon EC2 Instance

683 Pages·2014·10.12 MB·English

by  Amazon Web Services

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
User Guide
API Version 2014-05-01
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide
Amazon Web Services
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud: User Guide
Amazon Web Services
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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide
What Is Amazon EC2? ........................................................................................................................... 1
Instances and AMIs................................................................................................................................4
Regions and Availability Zones...............................................................................................................7
Root Device Volume ............................................................................................................................. 13
Setting Up.............................................................................................................................................19
Getting Started ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Step 1: Launch an Instance..................................................................................................................25
Step 2: Connect to Your Instance..........................................................................................................26
Step 3: Add a Volume...........................................................................................................................29
Step 4: Clean Up .................................................................................................................................. 32
Best Practices.......................................................................................................................................34
Tutorial: Installing a LAMP Web Server.................................................................................................35
Tutorial: Hosting a WordPress Blog......................................................................................................41
Amazon Machine Images..................................................................................................................... 49
AMI Types ............................................................................................................................................. 51
Finding a Suitable AMI..........................................................................................................................54
Shared AMIs.........................................................................................................................................55
Finding Shared AMIs...................................................................................................................55
Making an AMI Public..................................................................................................................58
Sharing an AMI with Specific AWS Accounts..............................................................................60
Using Bookmarks ........................................................................................................................ 61
Guidelines for Shared Linux AMIs...............................................................................................62
Paid AMIs ............................................................................................................................................. 65
Creating an Amazon EBS-Backed Linux AMI.......................................................................................70
Creating an Instance Store-Backed Linux AMI.....................................................................................73
Copying an AMI .................................................................................................................................... 81
Deregistering Your AMI.........................................................................................................................84
Amazon Linux....................................................................................................................................... 85
Using Your Own Linux Kernels..............................................................................................................92
Instances .............................................................................................................................................. 98
Instance Types......................................................................................................................................98
Micro Instances ......................................................................................................................... 100
I2 Instances...............................................................................................................................107
HI1 Instances ............................................................................................................................ 108
HS1 Instances...........................................................................................................................110
R3 Instances ............................................................................................................................. 111
GPU Instances .......................................................................................................................... 113
Amazon EBS-Optimized Instances ........................................................................................... 115
Placement Groups.....................................................................................................................116
Resizing Instances .................................................................................................................... 119
Spot Instances....................................................................................................................................122
Getting Started with Spot Instances..........................................................................................123
Viewing Spot Instance Pricing History.............................................................................126
Creating a Spot Instance Request...................................................................................128
Finding Running Spot Instances......................................................................................131
Canceling Spot Instance Requests..................................................................................133
Fundamentals of Spot Instances...............................................................................................135
Placing Spot Requests.....................................................................................................136
Spot Instance Limits............................................................................................... 136
Customizing Your Spot Requests ........................................................................... 137
Tracking Spot Requests with Bid Status Codes......................................................139
Tagging Spot Instance Requests.....................................................................................145
Understanding Spot Instance Provisioning, Pricing, and Interruption..............................146
Protecting Your Spot Instance Data Against Interruptions...............................................148
Planning for Interruptions ....................................................................................... 149
Persisting Your Root EBS Partition.........................................................................149
Walkthroughs: Using Spot Instances with AWS Services.........................................................150
Managing Spot Instances with Auto Scaling....................................................................150
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Tools for Managing Auto Scaling with Spot Instances............................................151
Launching Spot Instances with Auto Scaling..........................................................152
Obtaining Information About the Instances Launched by Auto Scaling..................155
Updating the Bid Price for the Spot Instances........................................................159
Scheduling Spot Bid Requests...............................................................................162
Using Auto Scaling to Get Notifications for Spot Instances....................................162
Using CloudFormation Templates to Launch Spot Instances..........................................165
Launching Amazon Elastic MapReduce Job Flows with Spot Instances.........................166
Launching Spot Instances in Amazon Virtual Private Cloud............................................166
Advanced Tasks ........................................................................................................................ 169
Subscribe to Your Spot Instance Data Feed....................................................................169
Programming Spot Instances the with AWS Java SDK...................................................172
Starting Clusters on Spot Instances................................................................................172
Reserved Instances............................................................................................................................174
Getting Started with Reserved Instances..................................................................................175
Tools for Working with Reserved Instances.....................................................................178
Reserved Instance Fundamentals.............................................................................................180
Choosing Reserved Instances Based on Your Usage Plans............................................180
Understanding Reserved Instance Pricing Tiers..............................................................182
Understanding the Pricing Benefit of Reserved Instances..............................................187
Reserved Instances and Consolidated Billing........................................................189
Reserved Instance Marketplace ...................................................................................... 189
Buying Reserved Instances.......................................................................................................192
Becoming a Buyer............................................................................................................193
Purchasing Reserved Instances......................................................................................194
Reading Your Statement (Invoice)....................................................................................200
Obtaining Information About Your Reserved Instances.............................................................202
Modifying Your Reserved Instances.......................................................................................... 207
Changing the Instance Type of Your Reservations...........................................................210
Submitting Modification Requests....................................................................................213
Selling in the Reserved Instance Marketplace..........................................................................217
Registering as a Seller.....................................................................................................218
Selling Your Reserved Instances......................................................................................222
After Your Reserved Instance Is Sold...............................................................................241
Requirements Checklist for Reserved Instances.......................................................................243
Instance Metadata and User Data......................................................................................................245
Importing and Exporting Instances.....................................................................................................256
Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................. 257
Importing a VM into Amazon EC2.............................................................................................259
Step 1: Install the Amazon EC2 CLI.................................................................................260
Step 2: Prepare Your VM..................................................................................................261
Step 3: Export Your VM from Its Virtual Environment.......................................................261
Step 4: Importing Your VM into Amazon EC2...................................................................262
Checking on the Status of Your Import Task...........................................................264
Importing Your Volumes into Amazon EBS.............................................................265
Resuming an Upload..............................................................................................266
Canceling an Upload.............................................................................................. 267
Cleaning Up After an Upload..................................................................................268
Step 5: Launch the instance in Amazon EC2...................................................................268
Exporting Amazon EC2 Instances ............................................................................................ 268
Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................... 270
Instance Lifecycle ............................................................................................................................... 275
Launch ................................................................................................................................................ 278
Launching an Instance..............................................................................................................279
Launching an Instance from a Backup......................................................................................284
Launching an AWS Marketplace Instance.................................................................................285
Connect .............................................................................................................................................. 287
Connect Using SSH .................................................................................................................. 287
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Connect Using PuTTY...............................................................................................................291
Connect Using MindTerm..........................................................................................................295
Connect Using RDP.................................................................................................................. 296
Stop and Start.....................................................................................................................................298
Reboot ................................................................................................................................................ 301
Retire .................................................................................................................................................. 302
Terminate............................................................................................................................................ 304
Configure Instances............................................................................................................................310
Managing Software.............................................................................................................................311
Updating Instance Software...................................................................................................... 311
Adding Repositories .................................................................................................................. 315
Finding Software Packages.......................................................................................................316
Installing Software Packages .................................................................................................... 317
Preparing to Compile Software................................................................................................. 318
Managing Users..................................................................................................................................319
Set the Time for an Instance...............................................................................................................320
Changing the Hostname.....................................................................................................................323
Using Dynamic DNS...........................................................................................................................326
Launching Instances with User Data..................................................................................................328
Monitoring ........................................................................................................................................... 332
Automated and Manual Monitoring.....................................................................................................333
Best Practices for Monitoring..............................................................................................................335
Monitoring the Status of Your Instances.............................................................................................335
Monitoring Instances with Status Checks..................................................................................335
Monitoring Events for Your Instances........................................................................................340
Monitoring Your Instances with CloudWatch.......................................................................................343
Enabling or Disabling Detailed Monitoring on an Amazon EC2 Instance..................................344
View Amazon EC2 Metrics........................................................................................................347
Get Statistics for Metrics ........................................................................................................... 353
Get Statistics for a Specific EC2 Instance.......................................................................353
Aggregating Statistics Across Instances..........................................................................357
Get Statistics Aggregated by Auto Scaling Group...........................................................362
Get Statistics Aggregated by Image (AMI) ID..................................................................365
Graphing Metrics.......................................................................................................................370
Graph a Metric................................................................................................................. 370
Graph a Metric Across Resources...................................................................................371
Create a CloudWatch Alarm......................................................................................................374
Send Email Based on CPU Usage Alarm........................................................................374
Send Email Based on Load Balancer Alarm....................................................................376
Send Email Based on Storage Throughput Alarm...........................................................379
Create Alarms That Stop or Terminate an Instance..................................................................381
Monitoring Scripts for Amazon EC2 Instances...................................................................................396
Amazon CloudWatch Monitoring Scripts for Linux....................................................................396
Amazon CloudWatch Monitoring Scripts for Windows..............................................................402
Network and Security ......................................................................................................................... 412
Key Pairs.............................................................................................................................................413
Security Groups..................................................................................................................................420
Controlling Access..............................................................................................................................428
IAM Policies...............................................................................................................................430
Supported Resources and Conditions.............................................................................436
Example Policies for CLI or SDK.....................................................................................443
Example Policies for the Console....................................................................................450
IAM Roles..................................................................................................................................458
Network Access.........................................................................................................................464
Amazon VPC ...................................................................................................................................... 466
Supported Platforms ................................................................................................................. 468
Instance IP Addressing.......................................................................................................................470
Multiple Private IP Addresses ................................................................................................... 475
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Elastic IP Addresses...........................................................................................................................479
Elastic Network Interfaces .................................................................................................................. 484
Enhanced Networking ........................................................................................................................ 497
Storage ............................................................................................................................................... 502
Amazon EBS ...................................................................................................................................... 504
EBS Volumes.............................................................................................................................505
EBS Volume Types...........................................................................................................507
Creating a Volume............................................................................................................509
Restoring from a Snapshot..............................................................................................511
Attaching a Volume to an Instance...................................................................................513
Making a Volume Available for Use..................................................................................515
Volume Information .......................................................................................................... 519
Monitoring the Status of Your Volumes.............................................................................519
Detaching a Volume from an Instance.............................................................................529
Deleting a Volume............................................................................................................530
Expanding a Volume ........................................................................................................ 531
Expanding a Linux Partition.............................................................................................537
EBS Snapshots ......................................................................................................................... 542
Creating a Snapshot........................................................................................................ 543
Deleting a Snapshot.........................................................................................................544
Copying a Snapshot.........................................................................................................544
Snapshot Information.......................................................................................................546
Sharing Snapshots .......................................................................................................... 546
EBS Encryption......................................................................................................................... 548
EBS Performance......................................................................................................................550
EC2 Configuration............................................................................................................551
I/O Characteristics ........................................................................................................... 552
Workload Demand ........................................................................................................... 553
Pre-Warm Volumes .......................................................................................................... 553
RAID Configuration.......................................................................................................... 557
Benchmark Volumes ........................................................................................................ 563
API and Command Overview....................................................................................................566
Instance Store.....................................................................................................................................567
Amazon S3 ......................................................................................................................................... 576
Block Device Mapping ........................................................................................................................ 578
Using Public Data Sets.......................................................................................................................589
Resources and Tags........................................................................................................................... 592
Resource Locations............................................................................................................................592
Listing and Filtering Your Resources.................................................................................................. 593
Tagging Your Resources..................................................................................................................... 596
Service Limits ..................................................................................................................................... 604
Usage Reports....................................................................................................................................605
Instance Usage ......................................................................................................................... 607
Reserved Instance Utilization....................................................................................................611
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................. 617
Launching Your Instance.....................................................................................................................617
Connecting to Your Instance...............................................................................................................618
Stopping Your Instance....................................................................................................................... 623
Terminating Your Instance...................................................................................................................624
Failed Status Checks..........................................................................................................................625
Instance Capacity ............................................................................................................................... 648
General ............................................................................................................................................... 649
Making API Requests.........................................................................................................................651
Query Requests..................................................................................................................................652
Troubleshooting API Request Errors .................................................................................................. 656
Ensuring Idempotency........................................................................................................................658
SOAP Requests..................................................................................................................................660
Logging API Calls...............................................................................................................................661
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Document History............................................................................................................................... 664
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Features of Amazon EC2
What Is Amazon EC2?
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) provides scalable computing capacity in the Amazon
Web Services (AWS) cloud. Using Amazon EC2 eliminates your need to invest in hardware up front, so
you can develop and deploy applications faster.You can use Amazon EC2 to launch as many or as few
virtual servers as you need, configure security and networking, and manage storage. Amazon EC2 enables
you to scale up or down to handle changes in requirements or spikes in popularity, reducing your need
to forecast traffic.
Features of Amazon EC2
Amazon EC2 provides the following features:
• Virtual computing environments, known as instances
• Pre-configured templates for your instances, known as Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), that package
the bits you need for your server (including the operating system and additional software)
• Various configurations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity for your instances, known
as instance types
• Secure login information for your instances using key pairs (AWS stores the public key, and you store
the private key in a secure place)
• Storage volumes for temporary data that's deleted when you stop or terminate your instance, known
as instance store volumes
• Persistent storage volumes for your data using Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS), known as
Amazon EBS volumes
• Multiple physical locations for your resources, such as instances and Amazon EBS volumes, known
as regions and Availability Zones
• A firewall that enables you to specify the protocols, ports, and source IP ranges that can reach your
instances using security groups
• Static IP addresses for dynamic cloud computing, known as Elastic IP addresses
• Metadata, known as tags, that you can create and assign to your Amazon EC2 resources
• Virtual networks you can create that are logically isolated from the rest of the AWS cloud, and that you
can optionally connect to your own network, known as virtual private clouds (VPCs)
For more information about the features of Amazon EC2, see the Amazon EC2 product page.
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How to Get Started with Amazon EC2
How to Get Started with Amazon EC2
The first thing you need to do is get set up to use Amazon EC2. After you are set up, you are ready to
complete the Getting Started tutorial for Amazon EC2.Whenever you need more information about a
feature of Amazon EC2, you can read the technical documentation.
Getting Started
• Setting Up with Amazon EC2 (p.19)
• Getting Started with Amazon EC2 Linux Instances (p.24)
• Getting Started with Amazon EC2 Windows Instances
Basics
• Instances and AMIs (p.4)
• Instance Types (p.98)
• Regions and Availability Zones (p.7)
• Tags (p.596)
Networking and Security
• Amazon EC2 Key Pairs (p.413)
• Security Groups (p.420)
• Elastic IP Addresses (EIP) (p.479)
• Amazon EC2 and Amazon VPC (p.466)
Storage
• Amazon EBS (p.504)
• Instance Store (p.567)
If you have questions about whether AWS is right for you, Contact AWS Sales. If you have technical
questions about Amazon EC2, use the Amazon EC2 forum.
Related Services
You can provision Amazon EC2 resources, such as instances and volumes, directly using Amazon EC2.
You can also provision Amazon EC2 resources using other services in AWS. For more information, see
the following documentation:
• Auto Scaling Developer Guide
• AWS CloudFormation User Guide
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk Developer Guide
• AWS OpsWorks User Guide
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