Latin American Geopolitics: Migration, Cities and Globalization

280 Pages·2019·3.797 MB·English

by  César Álvarez Alonso, José Ignacio Hernández

LATIN AMERICAN GEOPOLITICS
MIGRATION, CITIES AND GLOBALIZATION
EDITED BY CÉSAR ÁLVAREZ ALONSO
AND JOSÉ IGNACIO HERNÁNDEZ
Latin American Geopolitics
César Álvarez Alonso
José Ignacio Hernández
Editors
Latin American
Geopolitics
Migration, Cities and Globalization
Editors
César Álvarez Alonso José Ignacio Hernández
Harvard Law School Harvard Kennedy School
Institute for Global Law and Policy Center for International Development
Cambridge, MA, USA Cambridge, MA, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-99551-9 ISBN 978-3-319-99552-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99552-6
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C
ontents
1 Introduction 1
César Álvarez Alonso and José Ignacio Hernández
2 Mercosur and the Pacific Alliance Convergence: Building
a Level Labor Playing Field Across Latin America 13
Mauro Pucheta and César Álvarez Alonso
3 Movement of People in the Pacific Alliance: The Chilean
Case 57
Lorena Oyarzún-Serrano
4 Preserving Domestic Autonomy: Weak Migration Laws
and the Mercosur Strategy of Limited Integration 83
Gabriel Cepaluni, Karina L. Pasquariello Mariano, and
Marcelo Passini Mariano
5 Building Territories in Urban Settings: Family Networks
of Indigenous Peoples in Argentina’s Hinterland 109
Claudia Salomon Tarquini
6 Theoretical and Methodological Contributions of Social
Mobilization in the Context of Globalization: A Case
Study of Mexico 2010–2015 133
Mary Luz Alzate Zuluaga
v
vi CONTENTS
7 Irregular Immigrants and the Use of Technology in
Tapachula, Chiapas 167
Evelyn Téllez Carvajal, Dora Elia Ramos Muñoz,
and Ramón Abraham Mena Farrera
8 Migrant Agricultural Laborers in Mexico: Transforming
the Marginal Consciousness Through Education 191
Elena Anatolievna Zhizhko
9 Correlation Between Violence and Forced Migration 219
Jorge A. Lopez
10 A Critical Approach in the Context of Chilean Forestry
Cities 235
Enrique Aliste, Marcela Salgado, and Daniela Cea
11 Conclusions 253
César Álvarez Alonso and José Ignacio Hernández
n C
otes on ontributors
Enrique Aliste is professor and head of the Department of Geography at
the University of Chile and winner of the Geography National Award 2018.
He holds a PhD in Geography and Development Studies (École des Hautes
Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris, France). His research fieldwork
on social and cultural geography focuses on socio-environmental subjects
and sustainability conflicts in the Chilean and Latin American context. He is
a member of the Steering Committee at International Geographical Union’s
Commission “The Cultural Approach in Geography” (2013–2016) and
“Global Understanding” (2017–2020). He works in several academic net-
works with universities in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, France, Germany,
Finland, Sweden, and Chile. Professor Aluma is a visiting professor in several
French universities, such as Sorbonne-N ouvelle (Pablo Neruda’s chair
2016), EHESS, and Université de Poitiers, and at the University of Caldas
(Colombia) in the PhD Territorial Studies program.
César Álvarez Alonso is visiting researcher at the Institute for Global
Law and Policy, Harvard Law School (2016–2019). He has served as
vice- president of the Harvard European Law Association and Executive
Director of Real Colegio Complutense at Harvard University. He has
extensive experience in the public and private sectors at an international
level, as both a government official and consultant respectively. He was the
executive director of the SGroup European Universities’ Network, which
implemented EU-funded projects in the field of international develop-
ment cooperation. He has also been a member of the Organization for
Security and Co-operation in Europe International Observation Mission
vii
viii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
to observe the US presidential elections in 2016, as well as Support for
Improvement in Governance and Management–Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development External Consultant for Public
Administration and Governance Assessment in the Middle East, among
other appointments. Dr. Álvarez Alonso holds an MA in Political Science,
a JD in Law, and a PhD in Legal and Political Science. His research in the
field of migration particularly focuses on a comparative perspective of its
legal dimension.
Mary Luz Alzate Zuluaga holds a PhD in Political Science and Sociology
from Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. She is currently a profes-
sor at Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Medellín. Dr. Alzate Zuluaga
developed postdoctoral studies at the Autonomous University of Mexico
and served as visiting professor at the University of Guadalajara in 2016.
Her experience in research has focused on social mobilization and collec-
tive action in situations of violence in Colombia and Mexico. Recently she
has addressed the analysis of victims of armed conflicts, identifying experi-
ences of victims whose responsibility has led to the transformation of their
own victimizing situations. Other topics include the frameworks of justice
and the analysis of public policies.
Evelyn Téllez Carvajal is currently INFOTEC’s research fellow. She was
a fellow at the International Law Academy at The Hague, where she cre-
ated the origins of a seminar on international law, which she coordinated
until 2016 together with an ad hoc international committee at the
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. She has been a professor at
the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences at the National Autonomous
University of Mexico for 15 years. She also has been a guest lecturer at the
Max Planck Institute for International and Comparative Law in Heidelberg,
Germany. She has been a guest lecturer too at other national and foreign
higher education institutions such as the University of Ferrara in Italy, the
Pompeu Fabra University in Spain, the Rosario University and Externado
University, both in Colombia, as well as at the Pontificia Catolica University
of Peru.
Daniela Cea is a Chilean geographer and graduate in socio- environmental
studies, with a Master’s degree in Residential Habitat, University of Chile.
She has worked as a researcher and scientific coordinator in territorial and
Social studies projects. She is interested in the topics of production, circu-
lation, and use of territorial and environmental knowledge as well as dis-
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ix
courses in scientific disciplines, civil society, and state institutions. She is
currently a member of the Interdisciplinary Nucleus of Social Studies of
the University of Chile, NIES.
Gabriel  Cepaluni is an associate professor in the Department of
International Relations at the São Paulo State University (Universidade
Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-Franca, Brazil). He was a visiting professor at
Universidad de La Salle (Colombia) and a visiting scholar at Uppsala
University (Sweden), Universidad Nacional del Sur/Consejo Nacional de
Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Argentina), Fondation
Maison des Sciences de l’homme (France), Aarhus University (Denmark),
Brown University, Georgetown University, and New  York University
(United States). His work has been published in journals such as American
Journal of Political Science, Political Analysis, Third World Quarterly, and
Brazilian Political Science Review. He published the book Brazilian
Foreign Policy in Changing Times in Brazil, China, and the United States.
Ramón Abraham Mena Farrera holds a PhD in Social and Humanistic
Sciences from the Center of Superior Studies of Mexico and Central
America and the University of Alicante (Spain). He is a researcher at the
Department of Culture and Health Society at El Colegio de la Frontera
Sur in Mexico. He is also the leader of the Academic Group on Gender
Studies. Dr. Mena Farrera’s research focuses on the study of sociotechnical
phenomena and technical experience in the Internet.
José  Ignacio  Hernández is a visiting researcher at the Center for
International Development, Harvard Kennedy School (2017–2019). He
holds a law degree from the Universidad Central de Venezuela and an
Advanced Study Certificate and a JD from Universidad Complutense de
Madrid (Spain). He is Professor of Administrative Law at the Universidad
Central de Venezuela and the Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, both in
Venezuela. He also teaches economic constitutional law at the Universidad
Católica Andrés Bello. He has been Professor of Regulatory Framework at
the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración, also in Venezuela.
He is the director of the Law Review at the Law School, Universidad
Católica Andrés Bello. His research field encompasses administrative law,
constitutional law, and economic regulation.
x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
Jorge A. Lopez is the Schumacher Professor of Physics at the University
of Texas at El Paso. He is from Ciudad Juarez on the US–Mexico border,
and studied there up to preparatory school, followed by BS and MS studies
at the University of Texas at El Paso, and PhD studies at Texas A&M
University. He has undertaken research at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas
A&M University, the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, the Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, and other institutions. He has published
over 100 refereed articles and many more for general audiences, likewise
has authored several books on studies of electoral data, one on nuclear
physics, and another on spectroscopy. Dr. Lopez is a Fellow of the American
Physical Society and Corresponding Member of the Mexican Academy of
Sciences, and has received many teaching, research, and mentoring awards,
such as the White House’s Presidential Awards for Excellence in Science,
Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring and the Mentoring Award from
the journal Nature.
Lorena Oyarzún-Serrano is an assistant professor at the Institute of
Public Affairs, University of Chile. She holds a PhD in International
Relations (2011) from Universitat Autònoma of Barcelona, Spain. Her
main research topics include Latin American regionalism, the European
Union and Latin American politics, Chilean foreign policy, gender, and
globalization and human mobility. Her work has been published in books
and journals such as Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research,
Latin American Policy, Estudios Internacionales, World Policy Journal,
Foreign Affairs Latinoamérica, and Revista de Ciencia Política, among
others. She has been visiting researcher at Sciences Po-Paris (France),
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain), and FLACSO–Ecuador.
Currently she is coordinator of the Gender Equality Committee at Internap
Corporation. She was vice-p resident of the European Community Studies
Association, Chile (2010–2013) and has also served as a lecturer at the
Chilean Diplomatic Academy, Andrés Bello.
Karina L. Pasquariello Mariano is an associate professor at the School
of Humanities and Sciences–Araraquara (School of Humanities and
Sciences–FCL/UNESP) and at the Interinstitutional Graduate Program
in International Relations “San Tiago Dantas” (UNESP, University of
Campinas (UNICAMP), Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
(PUC-SP)). She holds a degree in Social Sciences from the University of
São Paulo (1992), a Master’s degree in Political Science from the University
of São Paulo (1996), and a PhD in Social Sciences from the State University