LATIN AMERICA BLAIR P. TURNER THE WORLD TODAY ® SERIES 2016–2017 50TH EDITION Blair P. Turner . . . is Professor of History and Professor of International Studies and Political Science at the Virginia Military Institute. He earned his Ph.D. in Latin American History from the University of Florida and holds the Certificate in Latin American Studies from the renowned Center for Latin American Studies at that university. He is a two-time Fulbright scholar and has served as visiting professor at the Universidad del Sur in Argentina, the Universidad Nacional in Uruguay, and the École Politechnique in France. For the past twenty-five years, he has been an editor of The Journal of Military History, published jointly by the George C. Marshall Foundation and the Virginia Military Institute for the Society for Military History. He assumed authorship of Latin America in 2015. Adapted, rewritten and revised annually from a book entitled Latin America 1967, published in 1967 and succeeding years by Rowman & Littlefield An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Blvd., Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706 www.rowman.com Copyright © 2016 by Rowman & Littlefield All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced without permission in writing from the publisher. International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4758-2900-6 International Standard Serial Number: 0092-4148 Library of Congress Catalog Number 2015945682 Cover design by nvision graphic design Cartographer: William L. Nelson Typography by Barton Matheson Willse & Worthington Baltimore, MD 21244 The World Today Series has thousands of subscribers across the U.S. and Canada. A sample list of users who annually rely on this most up-to- date material includes: Public library systems Universities and colleges High schools Federal and state agencies All branches of the armed forces & war colleges National Geographic Society National Democratic Institute Agricultural Education Foundation Exxon Corporation Chevron Corporation CNN ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This volume is the cumulative product of almost a half-century of dedicated and scholarly effort by numerous persons in all the Americas. The present author hopes to continue their good work. CONTENTS Latin America Today The Early Americans Conquest, Colonization, and the Challenge of Independence U.S.–Latin American Relations Latin America and the World Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Smaller Nations The Bahamas Barbados Grenada Dependencies British French Netherlands United States Selected Bibliography of Key English Language Sources
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