Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4957 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen UniversityofDortmund,Germany MadhuSudan MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum Max-PlanckInstituteofComputerScience,Saarbruecken,Germany Eduardo Sany Laber Claudson Bornstein Loana Tito Nogueira Luerbio Faria (Eds.) LATIN 2008: Theoretical Informatics 8th Latin American Symposium Búzios, Brazil, April 7-11, 2008 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors EduardoSanyLaber PUC-RIO DepartamentodeInformática RDCANDAR5,RuaMarquesdeSãoVicente,Gávea,Brazil E-mail:[email protected] ClaudsonBornstein UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro DepartamentodeCiênciadaComputação 21941-590,RiodeJaneiro,RJ,Brazil E-mail:[email protected] LoanaTitoNogueira UniversidadeFederalFluminense InstitutodeComputação RuaPassodaPatria156,24210-240,SãoDomingos,Niterói,RJ,Brazil E-mail:[email protected] LuerbioFaria UniversidadeEstadualdoRiodeJaneiro RuaDr.FranciscoPortela,24435-005,SãoGonçalo,RJ,Brazil E-mail:[email protected] LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008922953 CRSubjectClassification(1998):F.2,F.1,E.1,E.3,G.2,G.1,I.3.5,F.3,F.4 LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-540-78772-0SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-540-78772-3SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia springer.com ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2008 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:12244744 06/3180 543210 Preface The Latin American Theoretical INformatics Symposium (LATIN) is becoming atraditionalandhigh-qualityconferenceontheTheoryofComputing.Previous conferenceshavebeenorganizedtwiceinBrazil:S˜aoPaulo(1992)andCampinas (1998); twice in Chile: Valpara´ıso(1995) and Valdivia (2006); once in Uruguay: Punta del Este (2000); once in Mexico: Cancun (2002); and once in Argentina: Buenos Aires (2004). This volume contains the proceedings of the 8th Latin American Theoreti- cal INformatics Symposium (LATIN 2008), which was held in Bu´zios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 7–11, 2008. Atotalof242paperswerereviewedbytheprogramcommittee.Amongthem, 66 were selected for presentation at the conference. The selection was based on the papers’ originality, quality and relevance to Theoretical Computer Science. This volume also contains the extended abstract associated with the invited talk of WojciechSzpankowski.We alsohad4 invitedtalks by Cla´udio Leonardo Lucchesi, Eva Tardos, Moni Naor and Robert Tarjan. WewouldliketothankallmembersofthePCfortheirthoroughwork,which resultedinagoodselectionofpapers;themembersoftheSteeringCommitteefor theirinsightfuladviceandforsharingtheirexperiencewithus;andthemembers of our community who served as referees. In addition, we thank all our sponsors, Microsoft, UOL, IFIP, HP, Yahoo!, FAPERJ, CNPq and CAPES, and Springer for their continuous support. April 2008 Eduardo Laber Claudson Bornstein Loana Nogueira Luerbio Faria Organization Program Committee Michael Bender Stony Brook U., USA Leo Bertossi Carleton U., Canada Claudson Bornstein U. F. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (vice-chair) Ferdinando Cicalese U. of Salermo, Italy Jos´e Correa U. Adolfo Iba´n˜ez, Chile Cristina G. Fernandes U. de Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil David Ferna´ndez-Baca Iowa State U., USA Fedor Fomin U. Bergen, Norway Joachim von zur Gathen U. of Bonn, Germany Andrew Goldberg Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, USA Venkatesan Guruswami U. of Washington, USA Alejandro Hevia U. Chile, Chile John Iacono Polytechnic U., USA Eduardo Laber (chair) PUC-Rio, Brazil Alejandro Lo´pez-Ortiz U. of Waterloo, Canada Arnaldo Mandel U. de Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Guilhermo Matera U. Nacional de General Sarmiento, Argentina Fla´vio Miyazawa Unicamp, Brazil Mike Molloy U. of Toronto, Canada Ojas Parekh Emory U., USA Boaz Patt-Shamir Tel Aviv U., Israel Artur Pessoa U. F. Fluminense, Brazil Jean-E´ric Pin U. of Paris 7, France Satish Rao U. of Berkeley, USA R. Ravi Carnegie Mellon U., USA Andrea Richa Arizona State U., USA Miklo´s Ruszinko´ Computer and Automation Res. Inst., Hungary Gelasio Salazar U. Auto´noma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico Jayme L. Szwarcfiter U. F. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Tamir Tassa The Open U., Israel Jorge Urrutia U. Nacional Auto´noma de Mexico, Mexico Ugo Vaccaro U. of Salerno, Italy Vijay Vazirani Georgia Tech, USA Alfredo Viola U. de la Repu´blica, Uruguay Renato Werneck Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, USA Frances Yao City U. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong VIII Organization Plenary Speakers Cl´audio Lucchesi, Unicamp, Brazil Moni Naor, Weizmann Institute, Israel Wojciech Szpankowski, Purdue University, USA E´va Tardos, Cornell U., USA Robert Tarjan, Princeton U., USA Steering Committee Martin Farach-Colton, Rutgers U., USA Marcos Kiwi, U. Chile, Chile Yoshiharu Kohayakawa,U. de Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Daniel Panario,Carleton U., Canada Sergio Rajsbaum, U. Nacional Auto´noma de M´exico, Mexico Gadiel Seroussi, HP Labs, USA Executive Committee Conference Chair Eduardo Laber (PUC-Rio, Brazil) Conference Vice-chair Claudson Bornstein (U. F. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Co-organizer Luerbio Faria (U. E. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Co-organizer Loana T. Nogueira (U. F. Fluminense, Brazil) Sponsoring Institutions Brazilian Research Agencies: – CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´ıfico e Tecnol´ogico – CAPES - Coordenac¸˜ao de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoalde N´ıvel Superior – FAPERJ - Fundac¸˜ao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a` Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Corporate Sponsors: – UOL – Microsoft – Yahoo! – HP Computer Science Societies: – IFIP - International Federation for Information Processing – SBC - Sociedade Brasileira de Computa¸c˜ao Organization IX Referees Hernan Abeledo Rainer E. Burkard Guillermo Duran David Abraham Konstantin Busch Christoph Durr Warren P. Adams Edson N. Caceres Amit Dvir Louigi Addario-Berry Antonio Cafure Zeev Dvir Peyman Afshani Gruia Calinescu Zdenek Dvorak Dorit Aharonov Monica Caniupan Martin R. Ehmsen Laila El Aimani Robert D. Carr Stephan Eidenbenz Ali Akhavi Marcelo H. Carvalho Leah Epstein Gorjan Alagic Ma´rcia R. Cerioli P.L. Erdo˜s Srinivas Alluru Eda Cesaratto D. Espinoza Jorge Almeida D. Chakrabarty Luerbio Faria Helmut Alt Timothy Chan Sandor Fekete Andris Ambainis Chandra Chekuri Dan Feldman Amihood Amir Eric Y. Chen Paulo Feofiloff Diogo Andrade Markus Chimani CelinaM.H.deFigueiredo Spyros Angelopoulos Eden Chlamtac Rudolf Fleischer Vera Asodi Christian Choffrut Guilherme Fonseca Mike Atkinson Marek Chrobak Ennrico Formenti Vincenzo Auletta Andrea Clementi Robert Fraser Ga´bor Bacso´ Charlie Colbourn Travis Gagie Mukul S. Bansal Seshadhri Comandur Silvia Gago-Alvarez Nikhil Bansal Thierry Coquand Jie Gao Luisa Gargano Jeremy Barbay Denis Cornaz Serge Gaspers Rommel M. Barbosa Derek Corneil Blaise Genest Valmir Barbosa Marcelo Correa Loukas Georgiadis Pablo Barcelo Ricardo Correa Mark Giesbrecht Jean-Marie Le Bars Nadia Creignou Gagan Goel Jan Baumbach Maxime Crochemore Lukasz Golab Amos Beimel Pierre-Louis Curien Petr Golovach Andre Berger Ricardo Dahab Parikshit Gopalan Jean Berstel D. Dellamonica Jr. Dov Gordon Gerd Bohlender Daniel Delling Tom Bohman Jean-Charles Delvenne Vineet Goyal Flavia Bonomo Erik Demaine Marcos Goycoolea Endre Boros Camil Demetrescu Jens Gramm Prosenjit Bose J´er´emie Detrey Etienne Grandjean Yacine Boufkhad Nikhil Devanur Michelangelo Grigni Mireille Bousquet-M´elou Luc Devroye Roberto Grossi Ulrik Brandes Riccardo Dondi Andr´e L.P. Guedes Peter Brass Reza Dorrigiv Jiong Guo Loreto Bravo Mitre Dourado Venkatesan Guruswami Hajo Broersma Feodor Dragan Vladimir Gurvich David Bryant Ezequiel Dratman Gregory Gutin John Brzozowski Orr Dunkelman Andra´s Gya´rfa´s X Organization Edward Haeusler Sangjin Lee Wolfgang Mulzer Hermann Haeusler Erik Jan van Leeuwen Viswanath Nagarajan Iftach Haitner Christos Levcopoulos Jorge Nakahara Jr. M.T. Hajiaghayi Asaf Levin Sergio Nesmachnow Angele M. Hamel Ming Li C.F.X.de Mendonc¸aNeto Russell Harmer Min Chih Lin Loana T. Nogueira Nick Harvey Zsuzsanna Liptak Michael Nu¨sken Meng He Yi-Kay Liu Zeev Nutov Joos Heintz Errol Lloyd Nicolas Ollinger Glenn Hickey Daniel Loebenberger Melih Onus Petr Hlineny Martin Loebl Alois Panholzer Pieter Hofstra Sylvain Lombardy Rina Panigrahy Carlos Hoppen Zvi Lotker Rohit Parikh Doug Howe Q. Louveaux Andrzej Pelc Nicole Immorlica Gabor Lugosi Todd Philips Riko Jacob Marco Macchetti Cynthia A. Phillips Svante Janson Frederic Maffray Teo Chung Piaw Michael Kaltenbach Veli Makinen Christian Pich Marcin Kaminski Toufik Mansour Jose Coelho de Pina Haim Kaplan Roberto Mantaci Wojciech Plandowski Chinmay Karande Gianluca De Marco David Pritchard Jarkko Kari Javier Marenco Helmut Prodinger Louis H. Kauffman Mauricio Mar´ın Guido Proietti Ken-ichi Kawarayabashi Daniel Martin Fabio Protti David Kempe Ryan Martin Jens Putzka Walter Kern Conrado Martinez Artem Pyatkin Alex Kesselman Fabio Martinez Jose A.A. Qitzau Zolt´an Kir´aly Carlos A. Martinhon A´kos Kisv¨olcsey Walter Mascarenhas S.P. Radziszowski Prasad Raghavendra Marcos Kiwi Martin Matamala Anup Rao Pang Ko Nicole Megow Dieter Rautenbach Yoshiharu Kohayakawa Marta Mejail S.S. Ravi Goran Konjevod Manor Mendel Dror Rawitz Guy Kortsarz Criel Merino Evangelos Kranakis Pascal Michel Igor Razgon Dieter Kratsch Martin Milanic Daniel Reichman Dalia Krieger Alexandre Miquel Nora Reyes Michael Krivelevich David Mitchell Pedro J. de Rezende Alexander S. Kulikov Thomas Moelhave Diego Rial Ga´bor Kun Cristopher Moore Rosiane de F. Rodrigues Alair Pereira do Lago Tal Moran Peter Rossmanith Zeph Landau Eduardo Moreno Nicolau Saldanha Michael Langberg Rob Morris Alejandro Salinger Gregoire Lecerf Nicolas Stier Moses N. Deniz Sarier Orlando Lee Haiko Mu¨ller Saket Saurabh Organization XI Carla Savage Rene Sitters Eduardo Uchoa Gabriel Scalosub Martin Skutella Ryuhei Uehara Nicolas Schabanel Jose Soares Edgardo Ugalde Christian Scheideler Yasmin Rios Solis Jean-Marie Vanherpe Claus Peter Schnorr Motti Sorani S. Venkatasubramanian Michael Schnupp Cid Carvalho de Souza Adrian Vetta Eric Schost Srinath Sridhar Alfredo Viola Michael Segal R. Sritharan Ariel Waissbein Noa Segal-Agmon Cliff Stein Yoshiko Wakabayashi Gil Segev Jorge Stolfi Lusheng Wang Luc Segoufin Howard Straubing Carola Wenk G´eraud S´enizergues K. Subramani Udi Wieder Gadiel Seroussi Zoya Svitkina Ryan Williams Olivier Serre Kavitha Telikepalli David Wood Hovav Shacham Eduardo Tengan Eduardo Candido Xavier Alexander Sherstov Guillaume Theyssier Donglin Xia Yaoyun Shi Dimitrios Thilikos Sergey Yekhanin Maise D. Silva Alex Thomo Xu Yichen Marcel Silva Srikanta Tirthapura Uri Zwick Mohit Singh Eric Tressler Grazyna Zwozniak
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