Late Paleoindian Occupation of the Southern Rocky Mountains: Early Holocene Projectile Points and Land Use in the High Country

314 Pages·2003·1.73 MB·English

by  Bonnie L. Pitblado

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Late Paleoindian Occupation
of the
Southern Rocky Mountains

Late Paleoindian Occupation
of the
Southern Rocky Mountains
Early Holocene Projectile Points
and Land Use
in the High Country
Bonnie L. Pitblado
U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s o f C o l o r a do
© 2003 by the University Press of Colorado
Published by the University Press of Colorado
5589 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 206C
Boulder, Colorado 80303
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
The University Press of Colorado
is a proud member of the
Association of American University Presses.
The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams
State College, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Mesa State College, Metropolitan State
College of Denver, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, University of
Southern Colorado, and Western State College of Colorado.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National
Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-
1992
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pitblado, Bonnie L., 1968–
Late Paleoindian occupation of the southern Rocky Mountains : early Holocene projectile points
and land use in the high country / Bonnie L. Pitblado.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-87081-728-0 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Paleo-Indians—Colorado. 2. Paleo-Indians—Utah. 3. Paleo-Indians—Rocky Mountains. 4. Land
settlement patterns, Prehistoric—Rocky Mountains. 5. Projectile points—Rocky Mountains. 6.
Colorado—Antiquities. 7. Utah—Antiquities. I. Title.
E78.C6 P58 2003
978.8—dc21
2003000199
Designed and Typeset by Laura Furney
12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my husband, Joe Dulin,
without whom nothing would be worthwhile;
and to Dr. Colin Pitblado,
a wonderful and inspirational dad and human being,
who I miss terribly.

Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction 1
2 Environment: Modern and Early Holocene 29
3 Hunter-Gatherer Land Use, Lithic Technology, and Late
Paleoindian Occupation of the Project Area 45
4 Projectile Point Analysis Procedure 65
5 Late Paleoindian Projectile Point Typology in the Western
United States 79
6 Late Paleoindian Projectile Points: Typological Variability 125
7 Late Paleoindian Projectile Points: Raw Material Variability 145
8 Late Paleoindian Projectile Points: Qualitative Technological
Variability 175
9 Late Paleoindian Projectile Points: Quantitative Technological
Variability 201
10 Late Paleoindian Projectile Points: Condition and Reworking 217
11 Discussion and Conclusions 231
Appendix A: Site Coding Guide 249
Appendix B: Projectile Point Coding Guide 255
References 263
Index 285