Late Geometric and Protoattic Pottery: Mid 8th to Late 7th Century B.C.

191 Pages·1962·50.74 MB·English

by  Eva T. H. Brann

THE ATHENIANAG ORA
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED BY
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
VOLUME VIII
LATE GEOMETRIC
AND PROTOATTPICOT TERY
MID 8TH TO LATE 7TH CENTURY B.C.
BY
EVA T. H. BRANN
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THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
1962
PUBLISHED WITH THE AID OF A GRANT FROM MR. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PRINTED IN GERMANY at J.J. AUGUSTIN GLUCKSTADT
PREFACE
This volume contains a selection of the Late Geometric and Protoattic pottery, including
all the figured pottery, found in the Excavations of the Athenian Agora before 1960, as
well as a sampling of contemporary imported pottery. The Submycenaean, Protogeometric,
Early and Middle Geometric pottery which precedes it will be published separately by Evelyn
L. Smithson. Conventionally, all the Geometric material should have been treated together,
but the pottery itself seemed to speak in favor of taking the Late Geometric phase with the
Protoattic. The argument is as follows. The mass of the pottery of the 11th through the 7th
centuries was made within a fundamentally conservative craft tradition against which all in-
novations, revivals and survivals must be viewed to be appreciated. The more these products of
mere craftsmanshipa re studied in all their detail, the more they appear to evolve slowly and
imperceptibly, like generations of natural creatures; that is to say, the period styles and tech-
niques cannot be sharply marked off one from another. One event alone provides a clear-cut
inception of a period: the appearance of a painter of sufficient personal distinction to enliven
the whole craft. Such a painter did appear in the middle of the 8th century. This was the
Dipylon Painter who brought to the fore that full figure style which was developed in
Protoattic to become the distinguishing feature of classical vase painting. Once he had come
on the scene, a lively crowd of easily distinguishable Late Geometric painters immediately
followed. Hence his floruit, the earlier phase of Late Geometric, seemed the proper prelude to
the Protoattic period, while the careful, conservatively anonymous Middle Geometricp ottery
that immediately precededt he products of his activity appeareda s the last of a purely geometric
tradition. The Agora deposits mirror this division in their relative volumes; the amount of
Middle Geometric is small and groups illustrating the transition to Late Geometric are rare,
while there is a sudden plethora of Late Geometric groups.
The lower terminus for this volume, the third quarter of the 7th century when the Protoattic
semi black-figure technique turns into full black-figures tyle, was fixed in accord with current
practice; the division is supported by the appearance of classical black wares toward the end
of the 7th century. The precise divisions were settled in discussion with Mary Zelia Philippides,
Lucy Talcott and Brian A. Sparkes who are working on this later Agora material.
Most of this study was written in 1958-1959, while I was a member of the Institute for
Advanced Study, on leave from St. John's Collegei n Annapolis. I am most grateful to Professor
Homer A. Thompson, Director of the Athenian Agora Excavations, for the opportunity to do
this work, and for his patient and interested support of it, and to Lucy Talcott for all kinds
of invaluable help. All of the photography for this volume was done by Alison Frantz; the
watercolors and the ink drawings of Nos. 339, 401, 426 and 577 are by Piet de Jong and the
topographical drawings are by John Travlos. Warm thanks for years of fruitful collaboration go
to my colleagues in the field, Evelyn L. Smithson and Jean M. Davison.
ATHENS EVA T. H. BRANN
SUMMER 1960
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ............... ................................ ....................... V
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ................... ............... i.......................x.........
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................... ................................. ...xiii
INTRODUCTION 1
.....................................................................
SHAPES 1
..............................................................................
PAINTING .......................................... .... ........... .... ............. 4
DATING.................... .............. ............. .... . ............. .................. 4
LIST OF ATTRIBUTIONS ..................................... ............................ 8
LATE GEOMETRIC POT'TERY ................... ............................. 12
EARLY PROTOATTIC PAINTING .............................. ....................... 18
MIDDLE AND LATE PROTOATTIC PAINTING ...................... o ........ ............... 21
SPECIAL TECHNIQUES, INNOVATIONS AND IMPORTS ........................................ 26
CATALOGUE ............................ ... ......... ............. .......... 29
GLOSSARY .................... ................. ..............
....... ............29
APPEARANCE OF FABRICS ............ ................... ............................. 29
POTTERY BY SHAPE ....... ............................. ............ ..............30
AMPHORAE, DECORATED .................................. ............................. 30
STORAGEJ ARS ................................. ........................... ... 32
.........
BANDED WARE ..... ... o ... ...o. o ....- o ............. 34
.......... ..
BANDED AND CEREMONIAL HYDRIAI ....... ............. .. 34
.................... ............
LARGE OINOCHOAI ......... 35
.........................................
NECKO INOCHOAI 36
............................................ .. ............
CORINTHIANIZING OINOCHOAI .......................................... ......... ... 37
SUBGEOMETORIINCO CHO..A...I. ................................... 37
........................
SUBGEOMETRIC ARYBALLOI ........ o ... .................. 38
........................
SMALL OINOCHOAI ............................. 38
........................................
ODD-SHAPED OINOCHOAI .................. ................... ............................ 39
OLPAI ................ . ......... ........ 40
.... .......... ................................
STANDED KRATERS 41
......................................................................
BOWLS AND KRATERS WITHOUT STANDS . ............... 42
......................... ...............
SPOUTED BOWLS ................ ........... . . ... ................... 43
.......... ...
BOWLS WITH RETURN HANDLES ........................................................ 44
PLATES ......... .... .. ....... ...... ................ .... 45
.......................... ...... .. ....
WASH BOWLS .......-oo ..... ......... o 46
. .....................................
SKYPHOI ............... . .. . ..... .. ....... ... ....................... 46
SUBGEOMETRIC SKYPHOI ............................. ............... ..... ........... 48
CUPS WITH METAL PROTOTYPE ......................................................... 48
KOTYLAI, CORINTHIAN AND CORINTHIANIZING 49
..............................................
KANTHAROI ......................... .... ............. .. .............. .......... 51
52
ONE-HANDLED
PHALERON CUPSC U..P..S.. ... .............. ........................................................................ ......................... . ................ 53
54
COOKING W ARE........................................................................
AMPHORAE (K ADo I) .............................................................. 54
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
COOKINGJU GS 55
............... ....... ....................... ..............................
VARIOUS SHAPES ............... .............................................. 55
......
OINOCHOAI ... ........... 55
........................................... ...................
HYDRIAE 56
........................
PITHOI ........................................................... 56
.......................................................................................
COARSEW ARE AMPHORAEA ND BASINS 56
............................... .......................
IMPORTS, VARIOUS PLAIN WARES ......................................................... 57
POTTERY BY PAINTING STYLES ................................................................... 59
TOPOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS .................................................... 107
................
WELLS 107
........................................................................................
HOUSES ....................................................................................... 109
WORKSHOPS 110
...................................................................................
SANCTUARIES 111
..................................................................................
................................................111
CEMETERIES..............................
R OADS ............. 113
............. .............................................................
CONCORDANCE .............. ....................................................... .............. 114
INDEX OF DEFOSITS..... ...................................................... ............. 125
.............................................................. 132
INDEX..............................
PLATES
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
PLATE
1 Amphorae, later 8th century B.C.
Scale 1:7 (except where indicated)
2 Amphorae,8 th century (14-15), 7th century B.C. (16-20)
Storage Jars, late 8th through7 th century B.C. (21-28)
Scale 1:7 (except where indicated)
3 Banded Amphorae,l ate 8th through7 th century B.C.
Banded Hydriai, second half of the 8th century B.C.
Scale 1:7 (exept wherei ndicated)
4 Oinochoai, 8th and 7th centuries B.C. Scale 1:7
SubgeometricO inochoai,l ate 8th through7 th century B.C. Scale 1:4
SubgeometricA ryballoi. Scale 1:4
5 Odd-shapedO inochoai.S cale 1:4
Olpai, late 8th through 7th century B.C. Scale 1:7
Banded Jugs, 8th and 7th centuries B.C. Scale 1:7
Standed Kraters, 8th and 7th centuriesB .C. Scale 1:7
6 Spouted Bowls, late 8th through 7th century B.C.
Bowls, late 8th into 7th century B.C.
Scale 1:7
7 Bowls, second half of 7th century B.C. Scale 1:7
Plates, second half of 8th through 7th century B.C. Scale 1:7
Olpai, 8th century B.C. Scale 1:4
Wash bowls. Scale 1:7
8 Skyphoi, late 8th through 7th century B.C.
Scale 1:4
9 Kotylai, Corinthian( 155-158) and Attic, 8th through 7th century B.C.
Cupsw ith Metal Prototypes
Scale 1:4
10 Kantharoi,s econd half of 8th century B.C.
Cups, late 8th through 7th century B.C.
Scale 1:4
11 CookingW are Kadoi, later 8th through 7th century B.C.
CookingJ ugs, later 8th through 7th century B.C.
Scale 1:7
12 CookingW are Oinochoaia nd Jug, Hydriai, and other CoarseW are Shapes,l ater 8th through 7th
century B.C.
Scale 1:7 (except where indicated)
13 Imports, VariousP lain Wares
Scale: 1:7 (except where indicated)
14 Dipylon Painter and Workshop
Scale 1:7 (except where indicated)
15 Dipylon Period, Grave G 12:17
Scale 1:4, except bottom row 1:8
16 Geometric Kraters
Scale 1:4, except top row 1:2
x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATE
17 Sub-Dipylon Group
Scale 1:5, except lower right 7:10
18 Late Geometric,V arious
Scale 1:2
19 Late GeometricW orkshops,K nickerbockerW orkshop (382, 334, 335), Workshop of Athens 894
(336-338)
Scale 1:4 (except where indicated)
20 Influenceo f Athens 894
21 TypicalL ate GeometricW ork,S tathatouH and (341, 343, 360), Workshopo f Athens8 97 (359)V arious
Scale 1:4 (top) and 1:2 (bottom)
22 Late GeometricS hip and Animal Kraters. Scale 1:2
Hydria by Analatos Follower
23 Early Protoattic, Analatos Painter
Scale 1:2
24 Early Protoattic MinorW ork, Wild Style (410-412), Various
Scale 1:4 (except where indicated)
25 Early Protoattic Hydria Necks
Scale 1:2
26 Early Protoattic, MesogeiaP ainter
Early Protoattic, Little N Group
Scale 1:2
27 Early and MiddleP rotoattic, Large Pots
Scale 1:2
28 Early and MiddleP rotoattic, Painter of the New York Nessos Amphora( 458, 463, 465, 466), Various
Scale 1:2
29 Protoattic Birds and Centaurs
Scale 1:2
80 MiddleP rotoattic Oinochos,4 92. Scale 1:4
Votive Deposit H 17:4, as displayedi n the AgoraM useum
31 MiddleP rotoattic Bowls and MinorW ork
Scale 1:2
32 Protoattic Bowls and Stands
Scale 1:2
33 MiddleP rotoattic, Ram Jug Painter
Scale 1:2, except lower right 3:10
34 MiddleP rotoattic Birds and Lions
Scale 1:4 (except where indicated)
35 MiddleP rotoattic, PolyphemosP ainter (558-561), KynosargesP ainter (564-567)
Scale 1:2 (exceptw herei ndicated)
36 MiddleP rotoattic, Pair Painter
Scale 1:4
37 Late Protoattic, Protome Amphorae( 578, 587-589), WomanP ainter (581), Various
Scale 1:2 (top) and 1:3 (bottom)
38 Semi black-figure, Amphora Neck with Bearded Siren, 590
1:3
Scale
39 Light on Dark Technique. Scale 1:2
Stands. Scale 2:5
Babies' Commodes. Scale 1:4
Well Head. Scale 1:10
40 Stamped and Incised Ware. Scale 2:5 (top) and 1:4 (bottom)
Various Kitchen Shapes
Pottery from a Potter's Workshop. Scale 1:4
41 Imports, Decorated Ware
Scale 1:2
42 Profiles
Scales 1:3
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xi
PLATE
43 Late Geometrica nd Protoattic
Scale 1:2
44 Protoattic
Scale 1:2
45 Map of Deposits from the 11th throught he 7th centuriesB .C.
46 Actual State Plan of the Athenian Agora
FIGURES
FIGURE
1. Graffiti
2. No. 44. Scale 1:2
3. No. 78. Scale 1:2
4. No. 426. Scale 1:1
5. No. 427. Scale 1:1
6. No. 599. Scale 1:1
7. Section through a typical Well
8. GeometricH ouse at North Foot of Areopagus
9. 7th CenturyH ouse and Tholos Cemetery( Geometric)
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliographiesm ay be found in the following:
General: Dunbabin, Greeks and Eastern Neighbours, passim.
Dipylon and Late GeometricD: avison, "GeometricW orkshops",p p. 133-154.
Protoattic: Kuibler, Alt. Mal., p. 31.
In the List of Late Geometrica nd Protoattic Painters,p p. 8-11, the chief referencet o their worki s given.
Agora, IV: Richard H. Howland, The Athenian Agora, Results of Excavations conductedb y the American School
of Classical Studies at Athens, IV, GreekL amps and their Survivals, Princeton, 1958.
Beazley, Dev.: J. D. Beazley, The Development of Attic Black Figure, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1951.
Brann E-H, 8: Eva T. H. Brann, "Protoattic Well Groupsf rom the Athenian Agora," Hesperia, XXX,
1961, pp. 305-379.
Brann I-R: Eva T. H. Brann, "Late GeometricW ell Groupsf rom the Athenian Agora,"H esperia,X XX,
1961, pp. 93-146.
Brann, E. "Late GeometricG ravesf rom the Athenian Agora,"H esperia,X XIX, 1960, pp. 402-416.
Brock, Fortetsa: J. K. Brock, Fortetsa, Early Greek Tombs near Knossos, Cambridge, 1957.
Burr 1-338: D. Burr, "A GeometricH ouse and a Proto-AtticV otive Deposit,"H esperia,I I, 1933, pp. 542-640.
Cook, J. M., "ProtoatticP ottery," B. S. A., XXXV, 1934-1935, pp. 165-219.
Cook, J. M., "AthenianW orkshopsa round7 00," B.S.A., XLII, 1947, pp. 139.
Corinth, VII: S. Weinberg, Corinth, Results of the Excavations Conductedb y the American School of Classical
Studies at Athens, VII, i, The Geometrica nd Orientalizing Pottery, Harvard, 1943.
Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum.
CVA Berlin1 , Munich,1 938.
CVA Munich3 , Munich,1 952.
CVA Louvre 11, Paris, 1954.
Davison, "GeometricW orkshops":J ean M. Davison, "Attic GeometricW orkshops,"Y ale ClassicalS tudies,
Vol. XVI, New Haven, 1960.
De'los: Exploration arche'ologiqued e De'los faite par l'Ecole francaise d'Athenes
X: C. Dugas, Les vases de l'Heraion, Paris, 1928.
XV: C. Dugas and C. Rhomaios, Les vases prdhelle'niquees t ge'ome'triquePs,a ris, 1934.
XVII: C. Dugas, Les vases orientalisants de style nonme'lien,P aris, 1935.
Desborough, ProtogeometricP ottery: V. R. d'A. Desborough, ProtogeometricP ottery, Oxford, 1952.
Dunbabin, Greeksa nd Eastern Neighbours: T. J. Dunbabin, The Greeksa nd their Eastern Neighbours, London,
1957.
Graef, Akropolis Vasen: B. Graef and E. Langlotz, Die antiken Vasen der Akropolis zu Athen, Berlin, 1909.
Hampe, Grabf und: R. Hampe, Ein Friihattischer Grabf und, Mainz, 1960.
Jacobsthal, GreekP ins: P. Jacobsthal, GreekP ins and their Connexions with Europe and Asia, Oxford, 1956.
Johansen, V. S.: K. Friis Johansen,L es vasess icyoniens,C openhagen1, 923.
Kahane,P ., "DieE ntwicklungsphasend er attisch-geometrischenK eramik,"A .J.A., XLIV, 1940,p p. 464-482,
pls. XVIII-XXVIII.
Kerameikos, V, 1: K. Kuibler, Kerameikos, Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen der Nekropole des 10. bis 8. Jahr-
hunderts,B erlin, 1954.
Kerameikos, VI, 1: K. Kiubler, Dspi7e itNenek ropole des 8. bis frihen 6. Jahrhunderts, Berlin, 1959.
Kraiker, Aigina: W. Kraiker, Aigina, die Vasen des 10. bis 7. Jahrhunderts v. Chr., Berlin, 1951.
Ktibler, Alt. Mal.: K. Kuibler, Altattische Malerei, Tiibingen, 1950.
Kunze, Bronzereliefs: E. Kunze, Kretische Bronzereliefs. Stuttgart, 1931.
Langlotz, Wiirzburg: E. Langlotz, Griechische Vasen in Wiirzburg,M unich, 1932.
Matz, Gesch. Gr. Kunst.: F. Matz, Geschichted er griechischen Kunst, I, Die geometrischeu nd die friiharchaische
Form, Frankfurt am Main, 1950.
xiv ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mylonas,E leusis Amphora:G . E. Mylonas,' O lTTpcorocTIKSb 6'A ippopEOTS~i 'EVtvos, Athens, 1957.
Ohly, GoldblecheD: . Ohly, GriechischGe oldblechdee s 8. Jahrhundertvs . Chr.,B erlin, 1958.
OlympischeF orschungenI, II: F. Willemsen,D reifuf3kessevlo n Olympia,O lympischeF orschungenV, ol. III,
Berlin, 1957.
Payne, NC: H. Payne, Necrocorinthiaa, Study of CorinthianA rt in the ArchaicP eriod, Oxford,1 931.
Payne, PK Vasen: H. Payne, ProtokorinthischVe asenmalereiB, erlin, 1933.
Payne, Perachora:H . Payne and others, Perachora,T he Sanctuaryo f Hera Akraia and Limenia,A rchitecture,
Bronzes,T erracottasE, xcavationso f the British Schoolo f Archaeologya t Athens,O xford,1 940.
Pfuhl, MuZ: E. Pfuhl, Malereiu nd Zeichnungd erG riechen8, vols., Munich,1 923.
Sw. Cypr.E xp.: E. Gjerstada nd others, TheS wedishC yprusE xpedition,F inds and Resultso f theE xcavations
in Cyprus,1 927-1931, Stockholm,1 935.
YYoouunngg BI 11--XBX 8V6 4 . R. S. Young, LateG eometriGc ravesa nd a SeventhC enturyW ell in the Agora.
Young C 1- 187 Hesperia,S upplement,I I, 1939, (GravesI -XXV, GroupsA -C).
Young D 1-D 34: R. S. Young, "Pottery from a Seventh CenturyW ell," Hesperia,V II, 1938, pp. 412-428
(GroupD ).
Young, R., "Gravesf rom the PhaleronC emetery",A .J.A., XLVI, 1942, pp. 23-57.