Late Antiquity on the Eve of Islam

521 Pages·2017·26.73 MB·English

by  Averil Cameron

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THE FORMATION OF THE CLASSICAL ISLAMIC WORLD
7 General Editor: Lawrence 1. Conrad
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THE FORMATION OF THE CLASSICAL ISLAMIC WORLD
7 General Editor: Lawrence 1. Conrad
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2 1 Late Antiquity on the Eve of Islam Averil Cameron
r 2 The Sasanian East on the Eve of Islam
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b 3 The Arabs and Arabia on the Eve of Islam Frank E. Peters
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4 The Life ofMuQammad Uri Rubin
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t 5 The Expansion of the Early Islamic State Fred M. Donner
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e 6 The Articulation of Islamic State Structures Fred M. Donner
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1 7 Problems of Political Cohesion in Early Islam R. Stephen Humphrey
0 8 Arab-Byzantine Relations in Early Islamic Times Michael Bonner
4 9 The Turks in the Early Islamic World C. Edmund Bosworth
1 10 Patterns of Everyday Life David Waines
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7 11 Production and the Exploitation of Resources Michael G. Morony
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t 12 Manufacturing and Labour Michael G. Morony
a 13 Trade and Exchange in Early Islam
y] 14 Property and Consumption in Early Islamic Society
ar 15 Cities in the Early Islamic World Hugh Kennedy
br 16 Nomads and the Desert in the Early Islamic World Hugh Kennedy
Li 17 Society and Individual in Early Islam
a 18 Muslims and Others in Early Islamic Society Robert E. Hoyland
bi 19 The Christian Communities in the Early Islamic World
m 20 The Jewish Communities of the Early Islamic World David Wasserstein
u 21 Archaeology and Early Islam Donald Whitcomb
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o 22 Early Islamic Numismatics and Monetary History
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h 23 Early Islamic Art and Architecture Jonathan Bloom
s 24 The Qur'än: Style and Contents Andrew Rippin
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it 25 The Qur'än: Formative Interpretation Andrew Rippin
Br 26 The Development of Islamic Ritual Gerald Hawting
f 27 The Formation of Islamic Law Wael B. Hallaq
y o 28 1;ladith: Origins and Development Harald Motzki
t 29 Early Islamic Historiographical Traditions
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s 30 Early Islamic Theology
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e 31 Eschatology and Apocalyptic in Early Islam
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i 32 Early Islamic Visions of Community
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U 33 Shi'ism: Origins and Early Development Etan Kohlberg
e 34 Khärijite Movements in Early Islam
h 35 The Emergence of Islamic Mysticism
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[ 36 The Early Islamic Grammatical Tradition Ramzi Baalbaki
y 37 Early Islamic Poetry and Poetics Suzanne Stetkevych
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d 38 Early Arabic Prose Literature
e 39 The Rise of Islamic Philosophy
d 40 The Rise of Arab-Islamic Medicine
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o 41 The Exact Sciences in Early Islam
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n 42 Magic and Divination in Early Islam Emilie Savage-Smith
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43 Education and Learning in the Early Islamic World Claude Gilliot
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D 44 The Early Islamic Manuscript Tradition
45 Early Islamic North Mrica
46 The Formation of al-Andalus I Manuela Marin
47 The Formation of al-Andalus 11 M. Fierro/J. Sams6
48 The Modern Study of Early Islam
THE FORMATION OF THE CLASSICAL ISLAMIC WORLD
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LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2013 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
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r Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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e This edition copyright © 2013 by Taylor and Francis, and Introduction by Averil
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e Cameron. For copyright of individual articles refer to the Acknowledgements.
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4 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
1 any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
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7 invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
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u ISBN 9781409400707 (hbk)
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it A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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t The LibraryofCongress has catalogued the printed editionas folIows: 2012932937
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THE FORMATION OF THE CLASSICAL ISLAMIC WORLD-l
CONTENTS
7 Acknowledgements Vll
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r Editor's Preface and Acknowledgements IX
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S Introduction xiii
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4 Bibliography xxxix
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t 1. Explosion of Late Antiquity 1
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Chris Wickham
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3. The Nika Riot: A Reappraisal 59
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ol Geoffrey Greatrex
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ri Dionysios Stathakopoulos
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it Antiquity 109
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6. Ruling the Late Roman and Early Byzantine City: A Continuous
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ed 7. Syria in Transition, AD 550-750: An Archaeological Approach 171
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8. Recruitment in Roman Armies from Justinian to Heraclius
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D (ca. 565-615) 277
Michael Whitby
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9. Heraclius' Persian Campaigns and the Revival of the East Roman
Empire, 622-630 341
James Howard-Johnston
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1 10. John Moschus and his Friend Sophronius the Sophist 385
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2 Henry Chadwick
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te Gilbert Dagron
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1 Index 431
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The chapters in this volume are taken from the sources listed below. The editor
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1 and publishers wish to thank the authors, original publishers or other copyright
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2 holders for permission to use their material as follows:
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m CHAPTER 1: Andrea Giardina, 'Explosion of Late Antiquity' ['Esplosione di
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pt tardoantico'], Studi Storici, 40 (Rome, 1999), pp. 157-80. Translation by Rowan
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S Dorin. Copyright © 2013 Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
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4 CHAPTER 2: Chris Wickham, 'The Other Transition: From the Ancient World to
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7: Feudalism', Past and Present, 103 (Oxford, 1984), pp. 3-36.
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r Studies, 117 (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 60-86.
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CHAPTER 4: D.C. Stathakopoulos, 'The Justinianic Plague Revisited', Byzantine
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bi and Modern Greek Studies, 24 (Birmingham, 2000), pp. 256-76.
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o CHAPTER 5: Peter Sarris, 'The Origins of the Manorial Economy: New Insights
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h from Late Antiquity', English Historical Review, 119 (Oxford, 2004), pp. 279-31l.
is Copyright © 2004 Oxford University Press.
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f CHAPTER 6: Mark Whittow, 'Ruling the Late Roman and Early Byzantine City: A
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y Continuous History', Past and Present, 129 (Oxford, 1990), pp. 3-29. Copyright ©
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si 1990 The Past and Present Society.
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Un CHAPTER 7: Clive Foss, 'Syria in Transition, AD 550-750: An Archaeological
e Approach', Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 51 (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), pp. 189-269.
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T Copyright © 1998 Dumbarton Oaks.
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d CHAPTER 8: Michael Whitby, 'Recruitment in Roman Armies from Justinian to
de Heraclius (ca. 565-615)', in Averil Cameron, ed., The Byzantine and Early Islamic
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o Near East 3. States, Resources and Armies (Princeton, 1995), pp. 61-124.
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o CHAPTER 9: J.D. Howard-Johnston, 'Heraclius' Persian Campaigns and the Revival
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of the East Roman Empire 622-630', War in History, 6 (London, 1999), pp. 1-44.
Copyright © 1999 Arnold.
----- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --------
Vlll
CHAPTER 10: Henry Chadwick, '.lohn Moschus and his Friend Sophronius the
Sophist', Journal ofTheological Studies, 25.1 (Oxford, 1974), pp. 41-74.
CHAPTER 11: Gilbert Dagron, 'Holy Images and Likeness', Dumbarton Oaks Papers,
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1 45 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), pp. 23-33. Copyright © 1992 Dumbarton Oaks.
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EDITOR'S PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7 While regretting the delay in the completion of this book since it was first
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r on whatever might have been provided under this title only a few years ago, That
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b this is so is owed not least to the major changes which have been taking place
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e in approaches to the subject. Not only are historians of late antiquity eager to
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1 empire and the beginnings of Islam; at the same time, Islamicists and QUr'änic
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1 the origins of the Qur'än within a late antique context. This book was originally
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0 to be called Byzantium on the Eve of Islam, and the change of title reflects this
at broader approach. In addition to surveying current scholarship on late antiquity
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r scholarship from the viewpoint of a historian of late antiquity, and draws attention
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Li to relevant theological developments within eastern Christianity itself. With the
a abundant recent scholarship on the eastern Mediterranean this means that we
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u contours of the new religion.
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C I am enormously grateful to have been part of the unique constellation of
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it in Oxford. The seminars, workshops and conversations that take place almost on
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a daily basis, and across many academic disciplines, are a rem ark able example
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t due to Fergus Millar, Guy G. Stroumsa, Robert Hoyland, Samuel N.C. Lieu, and
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er Nicolai Sinai, the organizer with Guy Stroumsa of the Oxford seminar on the
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i Qur'än in late antiquity held in spring, 2012. I must also thank Alberto Rigolio,
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U and especially John Smedley of Ashgate, a friend of many years as weIl as a
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h far-sighted publisher. John's achievements over the years in encouraging and
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[ making possible so many important publications on Byzantium and the medieval
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a Averil Cameron, Oxford, March, 2012
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