Laser Physics and Technology: Proceedings of the School on Laser Physics & Technology, Indore, India, March 12-30, 2012

352 Pages·2015·10.999 MB·English

by  Pradeep Kumar Gupta, Rajeev Khare (eds.)

Springer Proceedings in Physics 160
Pradeep Kumar Gupta
Rajeev Khare Editors
Laser Physics
and Technology
Proceedings of the School on Laser
Physics & Technology, Indore, India,
March 12–30, 2012
Springer Proceedings in Physics
Volume 160
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/361
Pradeep Kumar Gupta • Rajeev Khare
Editors
Laser Physics and
Technology
Proceedings of the School on Laser
Physics & Technology, Indore, India,
March 12–30, 2012
123
Editors
PradeepKumarGupta RajeevKhare
LaserBiomedicalApplications& LaserSystemsEngineeringSection
InstrumentationDivision RajaRamannaCentreforAdvanced
RajaRamannaCentreforAdvanced Technology
Technology Indore,MadhyaPradesh,India
Indore,MadhyaPradesh,India
ISSN0930-8989 ISSN1867-4941(electronic)
ISBN978-81-322-1999-6 ISBN978-81-322-2000-8(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-81-322-2000-8
SpringerNewDelhiHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014954797
©SpringerIndia2015
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Preface
Laser is a remarkable source of light and has proved to be one of the most
importantinventionsofthelastcentury.Althoughthefirstlaser,aRubylaser,was
operated, just about 54 years ago, on 16 May 1960, in this relatively short span
of time, lasers have made their presence felt in all walks of life, be it industry,
medicine, defense or in basic research. As part of its mandate to provide thrust to
research in promising areas and generate qualified human resource in these areas,
Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) of the Department of Science
and Technology, Government of India, funded the organization of a School on
‘LaserPhysicsandTechnology’atRajaRamannaCentreforAdvancedTechnology
(RRCAT) during March 12–30, 2012. RRCAT was requested to host the School
because it is the largest laser R&D center in the country and has a comprehensive
and multidimensional program on lasers and its applications. The objective of
the School was to provide an in-depth knowledge of the important aspects of
laserphysicsandtechnologytoresearchscholars,post-doctoralfellowsandyoung
researchers working in this area. The topics covered included fundamentals of
laser physics, techniques used to control laser parameters, non-linear optics, etc.
Important laser systems such as diode-pumped solid state lasers, ultrashort pulse
lasers,fiberlasers,semiconductorlasers,freeelectronlasers,andterahertzsources
were also discussed. The School also addressed some important applications of
lasers in high resolution spectroscopy, material processing, biophotonics, etc. The
participantswerealsoprovidedanopportunitytodohands-onexperimentsdesigned
tofacilitateunderstandingofthetopicsdiscussedduringtheSchool.Further,afew
evening lectures were arranged to provide a perspective of the present status and
futureprospectsforthephysicsandtechnologyoflasersinthecountry.
Thepresentvolumeisacollectionofarticlesbasedonsomeofthelecturesgiven
at the School. The volume comprises of chapters which cover the fundamentals
of laser physics and technology, representative laser systems and some important
applications of lasers. The chapters, written by leading Indian experts of the field,
provideanexposuretothefundamentalsofthefieldandreviewthecurrentstatusof
v
vi Preface
thefieldwithemphasisontheworkbeingcarriedoutinIndia.Itishopedthatthe
bookshouldproveusefulnotonlytodoctoralstudentsandyoungscientistswhoare
embarkingonaresearchcareerinthisareabutalsotoprofessionalswhowouldbe
interestedinknowingthecurrentstateofthefield,particularlyinIndiancontext.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the authors for their
contributions and all our colleagues who have helped in bringing out this book.
Weareparticularlyindebtedtoourcolleagues,RamaChari,TKSharma,GSingh,
B N Upadhyaya, S K Dixit, S R Mishra, Om Prakash, K K Pant, Sendhil Raja S,
CPPaul,SVerma,andCPSingh,whovolunteeredtoreadthechaptersandgave
commentstoimprovethese.
Indore,MadhyaPradesh,India PradeepKumarGupta
RajeevKhare
Contents
1 Lasers:AnIntroduction ................................................... 1
PradeepKumarGuptaandRajeevKhare
2 BasicsofNonlinearOptics................................................. 27
MukeshP.Joshi
3 GasLasers................................................................... 65
S.K.Dixit
4 Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers and Intracavity
FrequencyConversion ..................................................... 85
P.K.Mukhopadhyay
5 SemiconductorLasers:BasicsandTechnology ......................... 115
S.K.Mehta,AlokJain,andDeeptiJain
6 FiberLasers................................................................. 133
K.Thyagarajan
7 FreeElectronLasers ....................................................... 151
K.K.Pant
8 LasinginRandomAmplifyingMedia.................................... 165
HemaRamachandran
9 TerahertzTransients:GenerationandApplications.................... 181
D.S.Rana
10 Phase-ShiftingLaserInterferometryforMeasurement
ofSurfaceFormError..................................................... 209
SanjibChatterjee
11 High-ResolutionSpectroscopy ............................................ 223
B.M.Suri
vii
viii Contents
12 LasersinMaterialsProcessing............................................ 253
L.M.Kukreja,C.P.Paul,AtulKumar,R.Kaul,P.Ganesh,
andB.T.Rao
13 BiomedicalApplicationsofLasers........................................ 301
PradeepKumarGuptaandH.S.Patel
GroupPhotograph............................................................... 333
Index............................................................................... 335
List of Participants
Sr.no. Names Affiliations
1. ManojaKumarBiswal CSIR-CMERI,Durgapur
2. S.D.Meetei Dept.ofPhysics,ManipurUniversity,Canchipur
3. LitulBokatiyal DibrugarhUniversity,Dibrugarh,Assam
4. JalpaSoni IISER,Kolkata
5. ParvendraKumar IITGuwahati,Guwahati
6. ATTMostako IITGuwahati,Guwahati
7. TrilochanSahu PXE,DRDO,Balasore,Orissa
8. BishnuKumarPandey AllahabadUniversity,Allahabad
9. MahendraKumarMaurya BHU,Varanasi
10. SushilKumar BHU,Varanasi
11. ManojMishra Dept.ofAppliedScience,FET,MITS,Sikar,Rajasthan
12. NareshKumarChaudhary Dr.R.M.L.AvadhUniversity,Faizabad
13. BhupeshKumar IISERMohali
14. VivekKumar IITDelhi
15. BharatLMeena IITKanpur,Kanpur
16. RashmiNegi IRDE,Dehradun
17. YogeshSaxena IRDE,Dehradun
18. M.AshwinKumar ACREHEM,UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad
19. AnushaP.T. ACRHEM,UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad
20. S.Sridhar AnnaUniversityofTechnology,Tiruchirappalli
21. SabariGirisun BishopHeberCollege,Tiruchirappalli
22. D.Balaji CrystalGrowthCentre,AnnaUniversity,Chennai
23. N.Elavarasu Dept.ofPhysics,AnnaUniversity,Chennai
24. InduSebastian InternationalSchoolofPhotonics,CUSAT,Cochin
(continued)
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