Laser Photobiology and Photomedicine

322 Pages·1985·9.22 MB·English

by  S. Martellucci, J. A. Parrish (auth.), A. N. Chester (eds.)

Laser Photobiology
and Photomedicine
ETTORE MAJORANA INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor:
Antonino Zichichi
European Physical Society
Geneva, Switzerland
(PHYSICAL SCIENCES)
Recent volumes in the series:
Volume 15 UNIFICATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL
PARTICLE INTERACTIONS II
Edited by John Ellis and Sergio Ferrara
Volume 16 THE SEARCH FOR CHARM, BEAUTY,
AND TRUTH AT HIGH ENERGIES
Edited by G. Bellini and.S. C. C. Ting
Volume 17 PHYSICS AT LEAR WITH LOW-ENERGY
COOLED ANTIPROTONS
Edited by Ugo Gastaldi and Robert Klapisch
Volume 18 FREE ELECTRON LASERS
Edited by S. Martellucci and Arthur N. Chester
Volume 19 PROBLEMS AND METHODS FOR LITHOSPHERIC
EXPLORATIONS
Edited by Roberto Cassinis
Volume 20 FLAVOR MIXING IN WEAK INTERACTIONS
Edited by Ling·Lie Chau
Volume 21 ELECTROWEAK EFFECTS AT HIGH ENERGIES
Edited by Harvey B. Newman
Volume 22 LASER PHOTOBIOLOGY AND PHOTOMEDICINE
Edited by S. Martellucci and A. N. Chester
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of
each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment.
For further information please contact the publisher.
laser Photobiology
and Photomedicine
Edited by
5. Martellucci
Second University of Rome
Rome, Italy
and
A. N. Chester
Hughes Aircraft Company
EI Segundo, California
Plenum Press • New York and london
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Laser photobiology and photomedicine.
(Ettore Majorana international science series. PhYSical sciences; v. 22)
"Proceedings of a two-week course on laser applications to biology and mediCine,
held September 4-16, 1983, in Erice, Italy"-T.p. verso.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Lasers in biology-Congresses. 2. Lasers in medicine-Congresses. I. Martel-
lucci, S. II. Chester, A. N. III. Series.
QH324.9.L37L37 1985 574'.028 84-26627
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9494-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2461-4
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2461-4
Proceedings of a two-week course on Laser Applications to Biology and Medicine,
held September 4-16,1983, in Erice, Italy
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1985
A Division of' Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N. Y. 1 001 3
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from th~ Publisher
PREFACE
This volume contains the Proceedings of a two-week course on
"Laser Applications to Biology and Medicine" held from September 4 to
16, 1983 in Erice, Italy. This is the 10th annual course of the
International School of Quantum Electronics organized under the
auspices of the "E. Majorana" Center for Scientific Culture.
,Among the possible approaches to a course on Laser Applications
to Biology and Medicine, the one which emphasizes the scientific and
technological aspects of the advanced laser techniques when applied
to laboratory and clinical tests has been chosen. In fact, it
reflects the new policy of the School to stress the advanced scien-
tific and technological achievements in the field of Quantum Elec-
tronics. Accordingly, the Course has given the broadest information
on the ultimate performances already achieved and the perspectives of
their applications.
Because of the great variety of applications of laser in
biology, medicine, chemistry, engineering and related branches of
science, this school addressed a subject of interdisciplinary
interest. The formal sessions have been balanced between tutorial
presentations and lectures focusing on unsolved problems and future
directions. In addition, wide time has been provided for the par-
ticipants to meet together informally for additional discussions on
the forefront of current work. Therefore the character of the Course
was a blend of current research and tutorial reviews.
We have brought together some of the world's acknowledged
masters in the field to summarize both the present state of their
researches and the background behind them. Most of the lecturers
attended all the lectures and devoted their spare hours to stimu-
lating discussions and the organization of the panel discussions,
conducted by Professor G. Salvatore, on a questions-answers basis.
We would like to thank them all for their admirable contributions.
The Course also has taken advantage from the very active audience;
most of the students were experts in the field and contributed with
panel discussions and seminars. Some students' seminars are also
included in these Proceedings.
v
vi PREFACE
"Laser Photobiology and Photomedicine" could hardly be a more
appropriate and timely title to be given. The papers in these pro-
ceedings give a fairly complete accounting of the Course lectures
with the exception of the informal panel discussions. In editing
this material we did not modify the original manuscripts except to
assist in uniformity of style. The papers are not ordered exactly
according to the chronology of the Course but in the following
topical arrangement:
A "Physical and Biological Basis"
B "Biological Effects and Applications"
C "Photochemotherapy"
D "Photobiology and Dermatology"
E "Surgical and Ophthalmological Applications"
F "Laser Safety"
G "Diagnostics and Technological Aspects"
Several reasons have prevented the inclusion of the contri-
butions by some busy authors. The lectures given by F. Hillenkamp
and M. Wolbarsht were based on papers already published elsewhere and
have not been included in these proceedings. The tutorials on laser
sources given by o. Svelto have also been omitted because we have
assumed that the main properties of the "laser" are well known.
This volume would. of course. not be possible without the con-
siderable efforts put forth by the authors represented here; all of
them are cordially acknowledged. We also wish to mention with
sincere thanks the very specialized assistance of Miss Madeleine
Carter and Dr. R.H. Andrews of Plenum Press in the preparation of
this volume.
Before concluding. we acknowledge the organizations who spon-
sored the School. especially the E. Majorana Center for Scientific
Culture. whose continuous support made this Course possible.
The Directors of the I.S.Q.E. S. Martellucci
A. N. Chester The Second University
Hughes A. C. Rome (Italy)
EI Segundo. CA (USA)
April 5. 1984
CONTENTS
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASIS
Photobiology and Photomedicine 3
J. A. Parrish
Effects of Lasers on Biological Tissue: Options
for Specificity 17
J. A. Parrish
Interaction of Laser Light with Biological Tissue 29
A. J. Welch and M. Motamedi
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND APPLICATIONS
Biological Action of Low-intensity Monochromatic
Light in Visible Range 57
T. I. Karu and V. S. Letokhov
Certain aspects of He-Ne Laser Irradiation on
Biological Systems In Vitro 67
S. Passarella, E. Casamassima, E. Quagliariello,
I. M. Catalano and A. Cingolani
A Brief Discussion on Problems Arising in the
Irradiation of Whole Biological Specimens
by Laser Beams 75
G. Delfino, S. Martellucci, J. Quartieri
and E. Quarto
Time-resolved Fluorescence Microscopy: Examples
of Applications to Biology 85
F. Docchio, R. Ramponi, C. A. Sacchi,
G. Bottiroli and I. Freitas
vii
viii CONTENTS
Time-resolved Spectrofluorometry of Melanin in
Human Melanoma 101
M. Arico. M. Barcellona. M. S. Giammarinaro
and S. Micciancio
PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY
Photophysical Properties of Hematoporphyrin
Derivative and Related Components 109
A. Andreoni and R. Cubeddu
Photoradiation Therapy with Hematoporphyrin
as a Selective Technique for the
Treatment of Malignant Tumors 117
L. Tomio. F. Calzavara and G. Jori
PHOTOBIOLOGY AND DERMATOLOGY
N2 Laser Radiation Effects in Iodoaminoacids 129
G. Palumbo. R. Massa. I. Vassallo. R. Bruzzese.
S. Solimeno and S. Martellucci
The Influence of Oxygen-radicals on the Mechanisms
of Conformational Changes and Denaturation
of Hemoglobin Induced by UV Irradiation 145
H. Malak
Aspects of Dermatological Photopathology 151
1. A. Magnus
Phototherapy of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia:
Physical Aspects 163
R. Pratesi
SURGICAL AND OPHTHALMOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Five Years of Laser Applications in Broncology
(1637 Endoscopy Resections, 921 Patients) 211
C. Personne. A. Colchen and L. Toty
Early Experiences with CO2 Laser for the Treatment
of Septic Pathology in Neurosurgery:
Experimental Model with Other Sources 219
V. A. Fasano. G. F. Lombard. P. Martinetto.
S. Tealdi and R. Tealdi
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery by Laser 227
R. Pariente
CONTENTS ix
Laser Surgery in Hemophylia 241
A. Musajo-Somma
Microsurgery by Means of a Nd-YAG Laser 249
C. Balacco-Gabrieli
LASER SAFETY
Laser Dosimetry and Damage Mechanisms:
Unresolved Problems 261
D. H. Sliney
Safety Aspects of Anterior Segment Laser
Photodisrupters 271
D. H. Sliney
Laser Safety in Laser Surgery 275
D. H. Sliney
Laser Safety in the Use of Laser Systems 281
E. Righi
DIAGNOSTICS AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Potential Use of (LED's) Incoherent and Coherent
Light-emitting-diodes in Photomedicine 293
R. Pratesi
CO2 Laser Radiation Delivery Systems 309
A. M. Scheggi
Optical Fiber Temperature Sensors for Medical Use 317
A. M. Scheggi, M. Brenci and A. G. Mignani
Index 325
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASIS