Laser Optics of Condensed Matter PDF
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Laser Optics of Condensed Matter Laser Optics of Condensed Matter Edited by Joseph L. Birman and Herman Z. Cummins The City College of the City University of New York New York, New York and A. A. Kaplyanskii A. F. loffe Physico-Technical Institute Academy of Sciences of the USSR Leningrad, USSR Plenum Press • New York and London Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Binational USA-USSR (Symposium on Laser Optics of Condensed Matter (3rd: 1987: Leningrad, R.S.F.S.R.) Laser optics of condensed matter. "Proceedings of the Third Binational USA-USSR Symposium on Laser Optics of Condensed Matter, held June 1-6, in Leningrad, USSR" - T. p. verso. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Condensed matter - Optical properties - Congresses. 2. Lasers - Congresses. I. Birman, Joseph Leon, 1927- . II. Cummins, Herman, Z., 1933- . III. Kaplian- skii, A. A. IV. Title. QC173.4.C65B56 1987 530.4'1 88-2513 ISBN 978-1-4615-7343-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-7341-8 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-4615-7341-8 Proceedings of the Third Binational USA-USSR Symposium on Laser Optics of Condensed Matter, held June 1-6, 1987, in Leningrad, USSR © 1988 Plenum Press, New York SotIcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1988 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Permanent Soviet Organizing Committee of US-USSR Bi-National Symposia A. M. Prokhorov, Scientific Director K. K. Rebane, chairman V. M. Agranovich S. A. Akhmanov L. A. Bureyeva, secretary Soviet Organizing and Program Committee of Symposium-87 V. M. Tuchkevich, chairman A. A. Kaplyanskii, vice-chair man V. M. Agranovich S. A. Akhmanov B. P. Zakharchenya I. P. Ipatova K. K. Rebane A. A. Rovnjakov USA Organizing Committee of Symposium-87 J. L. Birman N. Bloembergen H. Z. Cummins H. M. Gibbs M. V. Klein M. Lax C. V. Shank Y. R. Shen USA Standing Committee for the USA-USSR Binational Symposia N. Bloembergen, Honorary Chair M. V. Klein A. A. Maradudin H. Z. Cummins, co-chairman J. L. Birman, co-chairman SPONSORSHIP AND SUPPORT U.S. National Science Foundation Academy of Sciences USSR v PREFACE The Third Binational USA-USSR Symposium titled "Laser Optics of Con- densed Matter" was held in Leningrad 1 June - 5 June 1987. This volume con- tains the full text of 64 papers presented at (or prepared for) the Symposium in both plenary and poster sessions. This Symposium reestablished the very productive series of "Light Scattering" Binational Symposia which were initi- ated in Moscow in 1975. Unfortunately there was an eight-year hiatus follow- ing the Second Symposium in New York (1979). This interval, caused by serious chilling of the climate of USA-USSR collaboration, deprived the active scien- tists on both sides of the opportunity to meet and interact in the active format of a conference. During this eight year interval there has been very rapid and intense development of scientific activity in the general area of laser optics phe- nomena. The development of ultrafast laser sources has permitted rapid advances in time resolved spectroscopy and ultrafast processes; the field of optical bistability and strong nonlinearity became a hot topic; and intense work is now underway to clarify ideas of photon localization. These new dev- elopments complement many advances in the study of low dimensional systems such as surfaces, new work on phase transitions, and novel studies of elemen- tary excitations such as polariton-excitons in localized environments such as quantum wells and heterojunctions. In 1987 the long-overdue Third Binational Symposium occurred. 22 Ameri- can scientists met with about 50 Soviet colleagues in intense and active dis- cussions at the A. Gorky Scientists' Club on the banks of the Neva river in Leningrad to carryon scientific exchange of ideas. The intensity of the Conference was moderated when delegates visited some local attractions in- cluding a trip to Peterhof (after a memorable boat-ride on the river) and the Hermitage Museum which is adjacent to the scientists' meeting hall. On the scientific and cultural level the Conference was judged by the participants to be very successful and, at the conclusion, there was great enthusiasm for a repeat. It is thus a very pleasant duty to announce that plans are now moving ahead rapidly for the Fourth USA-USSR Symposium in this series which will be held in late 1989, or early 1990 at the University of California, Irvine, organized by Prof. A.A. Maradudin and his colleagues. We want to express our thanks here to our Soviet colleagues for their help in preparing their manuscripts and sending them to us rapidly. Separate thanks in this regard are due to our co-editor Prof. A.A. Kaplyanskii and his colleagues at the Ioffe Institute and to Prof. A. A. Maradudin for his major contribution to the editing. We also thank Mrs. Rhina Hererra, Ms. Jean Brown, Ms. Tracy Turner and Mr. Spiros Branis for their help in preparing and typing the manuscripts. New York, September 1987 Joseph L. Birman Herman Z. Cummins vii CONTENTS Opening Remarks •••••..•••...••..•...•••••...•••..•••..•.•....• V. M. Tuchkevich and Joseph L. Birman SECTION I TIME RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY, ULTRA-FAST PROCESSES Spectroscopy with 6 Femtosecond Optical Pulses •..•.•..••..•..•..... 5 Charles V. Shank Hot Electrons in Semiconductors and Metals .•.•..••.•.•••...•..•.. 11 James G. Fujimoto and Erich P. Ippen Laser Spectroscopy of Hot Photoluminescence in Semiconductors: Energy Spectrum and Relaxation Times •••••.•..••...•.•..•.•• 19 D. N. Mirlin and B. P. Zakharchenya Static and Dynamic Cooling Rate of Photocreated Plasmas in Semiconductors ..•..•••.•..•••••..•••...••...•..•.•.•...• 25 S. E. Kumekov and V. I. Perel' GaSe Nonlinear Susceptibility and Relaxation Process Rates ••...•...•. 31 V. M. Petnikova, M. A. Kharchenko and V. V. Shuvalov Picosecond Laser Studies of Collisional Effects on Rotational Processes in Liquids •...•.•..••......•.••.•.•.•.......••• 41 Robin M. Hochstrasser Optical Manifestations of Energy and Phase Relaxation in Vibronic Systems .•.•••........•..•..•.•.•..•......•..... 53 V. V. Hizhnyakov SECTION II TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS, QUANTUM WELLS, HETEROLASERS, SUPERLATTICES The Oscillations of 2D-Electron Density of States in a Transverse Magnetic Field •...•..•.•.••.••.•........••.... 61 I. V. Kukushkin and V. B. Timofeev Excitonic Optical Nonlinearities in Semiconductor Quantum Wells ..•..• 71 D. S. Chemla Excitons in Quantum Wells and Short Period Superlattices •••...••.•• 79 M. D. Sturge ix Recombination Processes in GaAs/A1GaAs Multi-Quantum Well Structures •••••.••••••••••••••••••••••..••••••.•••••••• 87 P. S. Kop'ev, V. P. Kochereshko, I. N. Uraltsev and D. R. Yakovlev Picosecond Raman and Luminescence Studies of Carrier Relaxation in Quantum Wells •••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 95 D. Y. Oberli, D. R. Wake and M. V. Klein Gain Saturation and Features in Threshold Behaviour of AIIIBv Heterostructure Lasers ••••••••.••••••.••••••••••••• 103 D. Z. Garbuzov and V. B. Khalfin Single-Frequency Diode Laser with a High Temperature Stabili ty of the Emission Line •••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 113 Zh. I. Alferov, S. A. Gurevich, E. L. Portnoy and F. N. Timofeev Raman Studies of Phonons in GaAs/A1GaAs Super lattices •••••••••••••• 119 M. V. Klein, T. A. Gant, D. Levi, Shu-Lin Zhang, T. Henderson, J. Klem and H. Morkoc SECTION III SURFACE OPTICAL PHENOMENA Optical Interactions at Rough Surfaces •.•.••••••••••.•.••••••••• 127 Alexei A. Maradudin, A. R. McGurn, R. S. Dummer, Zu Han Gu, A. Wirgin and W. Zierau Nonlinear Distributed Coupling into Guided Waves 137 R. M. Fortenberry, G. Assanto, R. Moshrefzadeh, C. T. Seaton and G. I. Stegeman Bistabili ty on a Surface in Nonlinear Diffraction •..•..•.•••..••.•• 147 V. M. Agranovich, A. I. Voronko and T. A. Leskova Picosecond Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Surface Structure Transformations ••••••.•.•.••.•..•.•.•••• 157 S. A. Akhmanov, S. V. Govorkov, N. I. Koroteev and I. L. Shu may Raman Scattering of Light from Coherently Excited Surface Polaritons ••.••••....•..•...•.••.••••••...•.•..•••.••. 169 N. I. Lipatov, Yu. N. Polivanov and R. Sh. Sayakhov Resonant Raman Scattering as a Spectroscopic Probe of the Valence Electron Excitations of Adsorbates on Metals •..•.•••• 173 A. Brotman, E. Burstein and J. D. Jiang Laser-Stimulated Ionization and Desorption of Molecules in an Electric Field ...•.••.•.•.•.•....•.•....•.....•.••.•.•. 183 s. E. Egorov, V. S. Letokhov and E. V. Moskovets SECTION IV OPTICS OF SMALL PARTICLES, DEFECTS Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Single Micron-Size Droplets ••..••..•. 193 Richard K. Chang x Optical Spectroscopy of Size Effects in Semiconductor Microcrystals •• 199 A. I. Ekimov and AI. L. Efros Cooperative Behavior of Configurational Dipole Defects in Plastic Deformed Semiconductor Crystals •••.•••...••.••••••• 209 Yu. A. Ossipyan, V. D. Negriy and N. A. Bul'enkov SECTION V PHOTON LOCALIZATION The Spectrum of Light Propagation Times through a Disordered Medium and Mesoscopic Fluctuations ••••.••.•••.••••.••..•.••••.•• 217 B. L. Altshuler, V. E. Kravtsov and I. V. Lerner Photon Localization in Time and Space ...•••.•.•••..•.•••.•.••.•• 223 P. A. Fleury, G. H. Watson, S. L. McCall and K. B. Lyons Classical Diffusive Photon Transport in a Slab •••••.•.•••••••••••. 229 Melvin Lax, V. Nayaranamurti and R. C. Fulton Anderson Localization of Classical Photons in a Disordered Dieletric •.•.•.•••.•..•••••••••••.•.••.••.••.•.••.•.•. 237 K. Arya, Z. B. Su and Joseph L. Birman SECTION VI LIGHT SCATTERING Electron Single-Particle Light Scattering in InP Crystals and in Mixed Crystals GaxIn1 -xP •.••.•••.•.•.•••..•••.•.••.•.• 245 B. H. Bairomov and I. P. Ipatova Dynamical Light Scattering at the Nonequilibrium Crystal- Melt Interface ••.•.•••.•.•••...•.••.•.•.....•....•.••.• 251 H. Z. Cummins, Henry Chou, G. Livescu, O. Mesquita, M. Muschol and M. R. Srinivasan Selective Laser Heating and Nonlinear Light Scattering in a Homogeneous Medium •.•••.••..••.••.•.••••.•.•.•••.••••.• 255 M. V. Belyayev, A. P. Maiorov, V. A. Smirnov and V. P. Chebotayev Dynamic Central Modes and Photorefractive Effects at TI and Tc in Bar ium Sodium Nioba te ••••.•••.••••••.••••.•.•••.••• 263 W. F. Oliver, J. F. Scott, Scott Lee and Stuart Lindsay Are Phasons Observable in Optics? •.•.••••..•••••.••.••••.••.•.• 273 N. I. Lebedev, A. P. Levanyuk and A. S. Sigov Laser Spectroscopy of Fast KN03 Ferroelectric Switches •.•.•••.••••. 279 J. F. Scott, B. Pouligny and Zhang Ming-sheng Inelastic Light Scattering by Magnons in Antiferromagnetic EuTe •••••• 287 S. O. Demokritov, N. M. Kreines and V. I. Kudinov Spectroscopy of Mn04 and Mno~- Centers in Alkali Halide Crystals •••.••..•••••.•••••••.•••.•••••••••••••• 293 T. I. Maximova and A. M. Mintairov xi SECTION VII EXCITONS, POLARITONS Theory of Transient Optical Response and Pulse Propagation in Bounded Spatially Dispersive Media •....•..••••.•••.•••.•••• 303 Spiros V. Branis, K. Arya and Joseph L. Birman Picosecond Dynamics of Excitonic Polaritons in the Bottleneck Region •.•.••.•••.•.••.•..•.•.••.•..•..••••••••.•.•.•.• 315 J. Aaviksoo, A. Freiberg, J. Lippmaa and T. Reinot Polariton Waves Near the Threshold for Stimulated Scattering ••..•.•. 321 N. A. Gippius, L. V. Keldysh and S. G. Tikhodeev Quantum Fluctuations and Statistical Properties of Intense Polariton Waves ....••••••.•...•••••..••••.•....•••..••. 331 S. A. Moskalenko, A. H. Rotaru and Yu. M. Shvera Transport and Quantum Statistics of Excitons in CU20 •..•••..••.•.•• 337 J. P. Wolfe Study of Localized Excitons in Semiconductor Solid Solutions by Selective Excitation ••••••..•.•.••..•...••.•.••.•..•.. 347 S. Permogorov and A. Reznitsky Luminescence of Bound Excitons in Quasi-Two-Dimensional T1GaS2 Crystals .•••....••••.••.•..•.••.••.•.•...•••...• 355 G. I. Abutalibov, V. F. Agekyan, K. R. Allakhverdijev and E. U. Salayev SECTION VIn PHOTOACTIVE MATERIALS, PHOTOREFRACTION, HOLE-BURNING, HOLOGRAPHY Optically Dense Active Media of Solid-State Lasers •......••.••.••• 365 A. A. Danilov, A. M. Prokhorov and I. A. Scherbakov Negative Absolute Electrical Conductivity of Optically Excited Ruby: Microscopic Nature of the Phenomenon •...••.•.•.••••..•.•.• 373 S. A. Basun, A. A. Kaplyanskii and S. P. Feofilov Theory and Observation of Electron-Hole Competition in the Photorefractive Effect ••••.••••••••..••••••.••••.••.•••. 381 Robert W. Hellwarth Coherent Optical Oscillation Due to Vectorial Four-Wave Mixing in Photorefractive Crystals •.•••.••••.••••.••••.••..•..•. 391 S. Odoulov and M. Soskin Stimulated Photorefractive Scattering and Optical Phase Conjugation •• , .••••••••.•••.•••••••••••.•.•....•••••.•• 399 Jack Feinberg Dephasing of Impurities in Organic Glasses Between 0.04 and 1 .5K via Spectral Hole Photoburning •..••..••••••.....•• 411 A. A. Gor'okhovskii, V. Kh. Korrovits, V. V. Palm and M. A. Trummal xii Photoburning of Persistent Spectral Holes and Space-Time Domain Holography of Ultrafast Events of Nano- and Picosecond Duration •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.• 421 K. K. Rebane, R. K. Kaarli, A. K. Re~ane and P. M. Saari Associative Space-and-Time Domain Holography of Picosecond Light Fields via Photochemical Hole Burning ••••••••••••••••• 427 A. Rebane Study of Hot Carrier Diffusion in Semiconductors by Transient Grating Techniques •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 435 J. Vaitkus, L. Subacius and K. Jarasiunas Pulsed Holographic Diagnostics of Electron-Hole Plasma in Semiconductors •.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••• 443 A. A. Bugayev SECTION IX OPTICAL BISTABILITY IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS GaAs Etalons and Waveguides: Bulk Versus Multiple-Quantum-Well Material •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 449 H. M. Gibbs, G. Khitrova, S. Koch, N. Peyghambarian, D. Sarid, A. Chavez-Pirson, W. Gibbons, A. Jeffery, K; Komatsu, Y. H. Lee, D. Hendricks, J. Morhange, S. H. Park M; Warren, A. C. -Gossard, W. Wiegmann and M. Sugimoto Resonant Nonlinearities and Optical Bistability in Semiconductors •..•• 457 V. S. Dneprovskii, A. I. Furtichev, V. I. Klimov, E; V. Nazvanova, D. K. Okorokov and U. V. Vandishev Monolithic Microresonator Arrays of Optical Switches 467 S. L. McCall and J. L. Jewell Optical Bistability in Vacuum-Deposited Semiconductor Fabry-Perot Interferometers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 475 S. P. Apanasevich, F. V. Karpushko and G. V. Sinitsyn Optical Bistability Without Optical Feedback and Absorption- Related Nonlinearities ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 481 Elsa Garmire Optical Freedericksz Transitions and Associated Effects in Liquid Crystals •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 491 Y. R. Shen Light-Induced Self-Excitation of 3-D Orientational Gratings in Liquid Crystals •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 497 T. V. Galstyan, E. A. Nemkova, A. V. Sukhov and B. Ya. Zel'dovich Rotatory Instability of the Spatial Structure of Light Fields in Lonlinear Media with Two-Dimensional Feedback ••••••••••••• 507 M. A. Vorontsov, V. Ju. Ivanov and V. I. Shmalhauzen Intrinsic Optical Multistability and Instabilities in Liquid Crystals •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 519 S. M. Arakelian, Yu. S. Chilingaryan, R. B. Alaverdyan and A. S. Karayan xiii
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