Large Animal Internal Medicine, 5e

2024 Pages·2014·338.07 MB·English

MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE
Abdominal distention, 98 Gestation, prolonged, 189 Pruritus, 166
Abdominal pain, 24, 94 Growth, decreased, 131 Ptosis, drooped eyelid, 126
Abortion, 184 Grunting, 24 Pulse, abnormal peripheral, 86
Agalactia (fescue toxicosis), 187, 195 Hair coat, length and density, abnormal, Pustules, papules, and vesicles, skin,
Anestrus, 181 171 169
Anuria, 159 Head pressing, 111, 121 Pyuria, 157
Ascites, 76 Head tilt, 114, 124, 126 Reflexes, abnormal, 119, 126, 129
Ataxia, 112, 127 Heart sounds, muffled, 82 Regurgitation and vomiting (feed
Behavior, abnormal, 24, 110, 121 Hematuria, 155 returning to mouth or nares), 100
Blindness, hemianopsia, 118, 122, Hemianopsia, blindness, 118, 122 Repeat breeder, 182
126 Hemoptysis, 53 Respiratory distress (dyspnea), 56
Body condition, poor, 131 Hypermetria, 125, 128 Respiratory noise, abnormal, 66, 126
Bruxism, 24 Hyperreflexia, 116, 128, 130 Respiratory rate, elevated, 56
Cardiac arrhythmia, 78 Hyporeflexia, 116, 128, 130 Retained fetal membranes, 192
Circling, 113, 120, 124 Hyperthermia, 31 Roaring, snoring, dysphonia, 126
Colic (abdominal pain), 24, 94 Hypothermia, 39 Scaling, crusting skin, 170
Collapse or sudden death, 214 Icterus (jaundice), 105 Seizures (convulsions), 112, 121
Coma, semicoma, 112, 121 Incontinence, urinary, 128, 130, 153 Sensorium, abnormal, 121
Conscious proprioceptive deficit, 113 Jaw weakness, 119, 126 Sexual functions, male, alterations in,
Constipation, 98 Lactation, alterations in, 194 176
Cough, 40 Lameness, stiffness, 24, 197 Spasticity, 115, 125, 130
Crusting, skin, 170 Lymph nodes, enlarged, 86 Strabismus, 118, 120, 126
Crystalluria, 158 Mammary gland, enlarged, 194 Straining to urinate, 153
Cyanosis, 63 Melena, 97 Stranguria, 153
Cyclic irregularity, 179 Menace, loss of, 115, 117, 126, 128 Stridor, 66
Deafness, 126 Murmurs, cardiac, 80 Sudden death, collapse, 215
Dental abnormalities, 104 Muscle atrophy, 115, 117, 129 Sweating, absence of (anhidrosis), 32
Depressed mentation, 110, 121 Muscle spasms and myoclonus, 211 Swelling in limb, 85, 207
Diarrhea, 88 Muscular rigidity or flaccidity, 129 Swellings, enlargements,
Dysentery, 98 Myoclonus and muscle spasms, 211 musculoskeletal, 207
Dysphagia, 101 Narcolepsy, 112, 123 Swellings, painful peripheral, 85
Dyspnea, 56 Nasal discharge, 48 Syncope, weakness, exercise
Dysrhythmia, cardiac, 78 Nodules, tumors, and swellings, 167 intolerance, 83, 121
Dystocia, 190 Nystagmus, 119, 124, 126 Tachypnea, 56
Dysuria, 153 Obesity, 147 Teeth grinding (bruxism), 24
Early embryonic death, 184 Oliguria, 159 Temperature, elevated, 31
Edema, peripheral, 76 Opisthotonos, 113, 125 Temperature, subnormal, 39
Epistaxis, 53 Pain, diagnosis, 23, 24 Treading, 24
Erosions, oral, 103 Papules, pustules, and vesicles, skin, Tremors, intention, 125
Estrus, irregular, 179 169 Udder edema, 76, 195
Exercise intolerance, poor performance, Paralysis, 127, 129 Ulcerations and erosions, skin, 168
70 Paresis and ataxia, 119, 127, 209 Ulcers or growths, oral, 103
Exercise intolerance, weakness, Performance reduced, 70, 83 Uremia, 160
syncope, 70, 83 Pica, 152 Urinary incontinence, 130
Facial anesthesia, analgesia, 119, 126 Pigmentation, abnormal, 173 Venous distention and pulsations, 84
Facial paralysis, 119, 126 Pigmenturia, 155 Vesicles, pustules, and papules, skin,
Feces; blood, fibrin, mucus in, 98 Pleural effusion, 76 169
Fever, 33 Polydipsia, 159 Vocalization, abnormal, 24, 121,
Flaccid tail and anus, 130 Polyuria, 158 126
Gait, abnormal, 24 Postural deformities, 203 Vomiting, 100
Galactorrhea (inappropriate lactation), Pregnancy loss, 184 Weight gain, decreased, 131
196 Prolonged gestation, 187, 189 Weight loss, 137
DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NEONATE
FOAL DISORDERS Inguinal hernia, 232 Assessment of dam during late gestation, 279
Abdominal exam and ultrasound, 233, 236 Lameness and reluctance to walk, 253, 257 Assessment of fetal viability, 282, 284
Anemia, 261 Lethal white foal syndrome, 239, 273 Assessment of the neonatal calf, 285
Apgar score, 229 Management of high-risk late-gestation mare, Blood gas abnormalities, 283, 310
Asphyxia, perinatal, 227 226 Cerebrospinal fluid assessment, 306
Assessment of fetal viability, 224 Meconium aspiration, 268 Colostrum management and assessment and
Assessment of newborn foal, 229 Meconium impaction, 232, 275 FPT, 286
Bacterial infection, treatment, 249 Mucous membranes, abnormal, 230 Cyanosis, 337
Behavior, abnormal, 229 Necrotizing enterocolitis, 277 Dental abnormalities, 295
Blood gas abnormalities, 235 Nutritional support, 245 Diarrhea, 314
Blood gas values, 235 Ocular abnormalities, 230 Distended or painful abdomen, 312
Cardiac arrhythmias, 233 Oliguria and stranguria, 228 Failure to thrive, 338
Care of abnormal foals, 243 Patent urachus, omphalitis, and other Fever, 337
Cerebrospinal fluid assessment, 238 umbilical abnormalities, 278 Heart murmur, 296, 338
Cleft palate, 231 Perinatal asphyxia, 224, 227 Icterus, 338
Colic, 273 Physical exam, 229, 248 Induction of parturition, 282
Colostrum management and assessment and Placentitis, 225 Lameness and reluctance to walk, 335
FPT, 223, 240 Prematurity, 262 Mucous membranes, abnormal, 295
Contracted/lax tendons, 239 Respiratory distress, 266 Ocular abnormalities, 296
Dental abnormalities, 231 Resuscitation, 227, 243 Patent urachus, omphalitis, and other
Diarrhea, 270 Ruptured urinary bladder, 236 umbilical abnormalities, 336
Distended or painful abdomen, 273 Seizures, 258 Perinatal adaptation, 283
Dysmaturity, 262 Sepsis, 247 Physical exam of neonatal ruminant, 294
Effects of placental insufficiency, 224 Sepsis score, 250 Prevention of infections, 289
Fluid and drug therapy, 243 Septic arthritis/osteomyelitis, 253 Respiratory distress, 308, 310, 312
Gait/limb abnormalities, 257 Supportive care, 243 Resuscitation, 285
Goiter, 231 Umbilical enlargement, 236, 278 Seizures, 305
Heart murmur, 234 Umbilicus abnormal on ultrasound, 236 Sepsis, 302
Hematology and biochemistry values, 241 Uroperitoneum, 275 Septic arthritis/osteomyelitis, 335
Hemoperitoneum, 277 Vertebral abnormalities, 232 Stillbirth, 281
High-risk neonatal foal, 223 Weakness and/or somnolence, 246 Umbilical care, 297
Hypoglycemia, 241 Umbilical enlargement, 336
Hypothermia, 245 RUMINANT DISORDERS Umbilicus abnormal on ultrasound, 297
Icterus, 231 Vertebral anomalies, 296
Abdominal exam and ultrasound, 297
Ileus, 276 Weakness and/or somnolence, 302, 306
Anemia, 337
Induction of parturition, 226
COLLECTION OF SAMPLES AND
INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY TESTS
MAJOR BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
Acute phase response, 388 Hyperfibrinogenemia, 397 Molecular tests for DNA or RNA, 412
Agglutination of RBCs, 377 Hyperglobulinemia, 388 Monocytosis, 384
Anemia, 377 Hyperglycemia, 369 Neutropenia, 383
Anion gap, 363, 364 Hyperkalemia, 358 Neutrophilia, 382
Base excess or deficit, 364 Hypermagnesemia, 361 Normal values (clinical chemistries, serum
Basophilia and basopenia, 384 Hypernatremia, 357 proteins), 354
Bicarbonate, 364 Hyperphosphatemia, 361 Osmolality and osmolal gap, 359
Bilirubin, 368 Hyperproteinemia, 387 Other tests of hemostatic function, 398
Blood loss, 379 Hypoalbuminemia, 390 Packed cell volume (PCV), 376
Blood urea nitrogen, 370 Hypocalcemia, 360 Panhyperproteinemia, 387
Body fluid analysis, 375 Hypochloremia, 359 Panhypoproteinemia, 391
Bone marrow collection, 400 Hypofibrinogenemia, 398 Plasma fibrinogen, 398
Bone marrow evaluation, 407 Hypoglycemia, 369 Platelet function defects, 395
Causes of elevations of serum enzymes and Hypokalemia, 358 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 415
bilirubin, 365, 366 Hypomagnesemia, 361 Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin
Coomb test (direct antiglobulin test), 377 Hyponatremia, 356 time, 396
Creatinine, 369 Hypophosphatemia, 361 Prolonged prothrombin time, 395
Decreased erythrocyte production, 379 Hypoproteinemia, 390 Red blood cell count, 376
Decreased plasma antithrombin III, 397 Increased fibrin/fibrinogen degradation Respiratory acidosis, 363
Eosinophilia, 384 products, 397 Respiratory alkalosis, 363
Erythrocyte morphology, 376 Lymph node aspirate, 375 Strong ion difference, 365
Erythrocytosis (polycythemia), 379 Lymphocytosis, 384 Strong ion gap, 365
Fluid and electrolyte balance, 356 Lymphopenia, 384 Synovial fluid analysis, 375
Fractional urinary clearance of electrolytes, Mean cell volume, 376 Thrombocytopenia, 393
372 Mean cell hemoglobin concentration and Thrombocytosis, 394
Hematocrit, 376 mean cell hemoglobin, 376 Thromboplastin time, 396
Hemoglobin, 376 Metabolic acidosis, 362 Total carbon dioxide, 364
Hemolysis, 379 Metabolic alkalosis, 362 Urinalysis, 371
Hypercalcemia, 360 Metabolic profiling, 352
Hyperchloremia, 359 Mixed acid-base imbalances, 363
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SIR WILLIAM OSLER
Editor-in-Chief
Bradford P. Smith, DVM, DACVIM
Professor Emeritus
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of California, Davis
Davis, California
Large Animal
Internal Medicine
FIFTH EDITION
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LARGE ANIMAL INTERNAL MEDICINE, FIFTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-08839-8
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Large animal internal medicine / editor in chief, Bradford P. Smith.—Fifth edition.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-08839-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)
I. Smith, Bradford P., editor of compilation
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George M. Barrington, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Robert J. MacKay, BVSc (Dist), PhD, DACVIM
Ellen Belknap, DVM, MS, DACVO K. Gary Magdesian, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC,
DACVCP
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Dianne McFarlane, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
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CONTRIBUTORS
Dorothy M. Ainsworth, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Daniela Bedenice, DrMedVet, DACVIM, DACVECC
Professor of Medicine Associate Professor;
Department of Clinical Sciences Residency Training Director
College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences
Cornell University Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine
Ithaca, New York Tufts University
North Grafton, Massachusetts
Monica Aleman, MVZ, PhD, DACVIM (Internal
Medicine, Neurology)
Ellen Belknap, DVM, MS, DACVO
Veterinarian
Ophthalmologist
The William Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital
Metropolitan Referral Hospital
Large Animal Clinic
Akron, Ohio
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of California, Davis
Davis, California Catherine J. Benson, DVM, DACVP
Specialty VETPATH
John A. Angelos, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Seattle, Washington
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology Steven L. Berry, DVM, MPVM
School of Veterinary Medicine Extension Specialist Emeritus: Dairy Management and Health
University of California, Davis Department of Animal Science
Davis, California University of California, Davis
Davis, California
Jane E. Axon, BVSc (Hons), MANZCVSc, DACVIM
Director
Clovelly Intensive Care Unit Christine F. Berthelin-Baker, DVM, DACVIM
Scone Equine Hospital (Neurology), DECVN
Scone, New South Wales, Australia Atlanta, Georgia
Lora Rickard Ballweber, MS, DVM, DACVM (Parasitology) Terry L. Blanchard, DVM, MS, DACT
Professor, Veterinary Parasitology Professor
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University
Colorado State University College Station, Texas
Fort Collins, Colorado
Anthony T. Blikslager, DVM, PhD
Danika L. Bannasch, DVM, PhD
Professor, Equine Surgery
Population Health and Reproduction
Department of Clinical Sciences
University of California, Davis
College of Veterinary Medicine
Davis, California
North Carolina State University
Safia Z. Barakzai, BVSc, MSc, DESTS, DECVS, Assoc Raleigh, North Carolina
ECVDI, MRCVS
Equine Surgeon Andrea A. Bohn, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Chine House Veterinary Hospital Associate Professor
Sileby, Leicestershire, United Kingdom Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
George M. Barrington, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
Colorado State University
Professor
Fort Collins, Colorado
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
Carole A. Bolin, MS, DVM, PhD
Washington State University
Professor;
Pullman, Washington
Director of the Diagnostic Center for Population & Animal
Michelle Henry Barton, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Health
Fuller E. Callaway Endowed Chair; Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
Professor of Large Animal Medicine (PDI)
Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
The University of Georgia Michigan State University
Athens, Georgia East Lansing, Michigan
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