Landslide Dynamics: ISDR-ICL Landslide Interactive Teaching Tools : Volume 2: Testing, Risk Management and Country Practices

823 Pages·2018·65.844 MB·English

by  Kyoji Sassa,Binod Tiwari,Ko-Fei Liu,Mauri McSaveney,Alexander Strom,Hendy Setiawan (eds.)

Kyoji Sassa · Binod Tiwari
Ko-Fei Liu · Mauri McSaveney
Alexander Strom
Editors
Hendy Setiawan
Landslide Dynamics
ISDR-ICL Landslide
Interactive Teaching Tools
Volume 2
Testing, Risk Management and Country Practices
Landslide Dynamics:
ISDR-ICL Landslide Interactive Teaching
Tools
Kyoji Sassa Binod Tiwari
(cid:129)
Ko-Fei Liu Mauri McSaveney
(cid:129)
Alexander Strom Hendy Setiawan
(cid:129)
Editors
Landslide Dynamics:
ISDR-ICL Landslide
Interactive Teaching
Tools
Volume 2: Testing, Risk Management
and Country Practices
A Programme of
the ICL for ISDR 123
Editors
KyojiSassa Mauri McSaveney
International Consortium onLandslides GNSScience
Kyoto LowerHutt
Japan NewZealand
BinodTiwari Alexander Strom
Civil andEnvironmental Engineering Geodynamics Research Center—branch
California State University ofJSC “Hydroproject Institute”
Fullerton,CA Moscow
USA Russia
Ko-Fei Liu Hendy Setiawan
Department ofCivil Engineering Disaster Prevention Research Institute
National Taiwan University KyotoUniversity
Taipei Uji, Kyoto
Taiwan Japan
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Coverillustration:Bird’s-eyeviewwhichbasedonthegeomorphologicalmapbyphotointerpretation
aroundMt.Unzen-FugendakeandMt.Mayu-Yama(Inoue,1999,UnzenRestorationOffice,2002)
Inoue K (1999) Shimabara-Shigatsusaku Earthquake and topographic changes by Shimabara
catastrophe.JournaloftheJapanSocietyofErosionControlEngineering52(4):45–54(inJapanese)
UnzenRestorationOfficeoftheMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofJapan(2002)The
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Foreword for the ISDR-ICL Landslide Inter-
active Teaching Tools
Disasters induced by natural hazards annually affect millions of people.
Disasters may pose a serious threat to health, cultures, and development
prospects. Disasters have been increasing in this period of climate change,
urbanization,andoverpopulation.Predictionsarethatseveraltypesofevents
arising from natural hazards will become more frequent; thus, impacts of
resulting disasters could become more devastating. Among these potentially
catastrophic hazards are landslides.
Twomajormilestones,2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentandthe
ParisAgreementonclimatechange,wereadoptedin2015.Thesameyearin
Sendai, Japan, Member States adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster
Risk Reduction 2015–2030. The Framework aims of assessing the global
progressondisasterriskreduction,identifyingitspriorityactions,andsetting
the role of stakeholders.
The key outcome relating to landslides from the Sendai Framework for
DisasterRiskReduction2015–2030istheInternationalStrategyforDisaster
Risk Reduction—International Consortium on Landslides Sendai Partner-
ships 2015–2025 (ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships).
The International Consortium on Landslides, ICL, actively supported by
UNESCO, is a vital organization for landslide disaster risk reduction.
Through international scientific communities, it conducts advanced research
and builds capacities in landslide prevention and mitigation.
In line with the objectives of Sendai Partnership, ISDR-ICL is launching
the Landslide Interactive Teaching Tools (LITT). This interactive
open-access teaching toolkit aims to help academia, leading engineers, and
practitioners to formulate necessary capacities and technical training for
landslidedisasterriskreduction.Thesetoftoolsincludesmethodologiesand
casestudiesonhowtomap,monitor,andforecastsuchextremeevents.This
open-access teaching tool could be periodically revised and updated by the
community of users based on the reviews, comments, and new research
findings.
Nowadays, more than ever, we need stronger scientific cooperation and
broaderresultdissemination.Inthisspirit,Ithankallthecontributorstothis
initiative and I pledge UNESCO’s continuing support to deepening part-
nerships for education and resilience in societies across the world.
v
vi ForewordfortheISDR-ICLLandslideInteractiveTeachingTools
Flavia Schlegal
Assistant Director-General of UNESCO
for Natural Sciences
Preface: Aim and Outline of the ISDR-ICL
Landslide Interactive Teaching Tools
Aim
The International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) proposed the ISDR-ICL
Sendai Partnerships 2015–2025 for global promotion of understanding and
reducing landslide disaster risk at a session of “Underlying risk factors”
of the3rd WCDRR onthe morningof 16 March 2015.The partnership was
proposed as a voluntary commitment to the World Conference on Disaster
RiskReduction,Sendai,Japan,2015,andalsoastoolsforimplementingand
monitoring the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the
Sustainable Development Goals. It was approved and signed by 16 global
stakeholders in the afternoon of the same day in Sendai, Japan, and the
Secretary-General Mr. Petteri Taalas of the World Meteorological Organi-
zation (WMO) signed it on 16 April 2016.
The Sendai partnerships acknowledge that
(cid:129) At a higher level, social and financial investment is vital for under-
standing and reducing landslide disaster risk, in particular social and
institutional vulnerability, through coordination of policies, planning,
research, capacity development, and the production of publications and
tools that are accessible, available free of charge and are easy to use for
everyone in both developing and developed countries.
Landslide science and technologies have continuously been developed to
bemorereliable,preciseorcost-effectiveforlandslidedisasterriskreduction
over the world. However, this scientific and technological progress has not
been shared equally over the world. The gap between the available level of
science and technologies and the practical use of those in many countries,
regions and communities is very wide. To fill this gap, ICL has created
Landslide Interactive Teaching Tools, which are always updated and con-
tinuously improved, based on responses from users and lessons learned
duringtheirapplication.Alltextbooksgraduallybecomeoutdated.Toavoid
this problem, ICL plans to upload the latest teaching tools in the WEB of
Teaching Tools and print text tools periodically.
vii
viii Preface:AimandOutlineoftheISDR-ICLLandslideInteractiveTeachingTools
Landslide Dynamics
A landslide is a downslope movement of rock, soil or both. Landslide
disastersarecausedbyexposuretohazardousmotionsofsoilandrockthat
threaten vulnerable human settlement in mountains, cities, coasts, and
islands, as stated in the Sendai Partnerships. Understanding “Landslide
dynamics” is the very basis of landslide disaster risk reduction.
Organizations Contributing Teaching Tools
Each teaching tool will be submitted by the teaching tool contributing
organization as shown in the list of contributing organizations. Each
organization has its own Teaching Tool Identifying Number consisting of
telephone number of the country and the registered number within the
country. The involvement of organization as well as individual researcher is
adopted to keep quality and updating of each tool.
Outline
The teaching tools are classified in two fundamentals for Landslide
Dynamics and four major parts of tools.
Thepartnumberisincludedineachteachingtoolidentifier.Eachparthas
3–5 subparts.
Due to the requirement of book publication structure, the subparts do not
appear in the content because of two levels of publication structure. Two fun-
damentalsaresplitedinVol.1andVol.2asshownineachcontentofVol.1and
Vol. 2. Please refer the following subparts, fundamentals and their pages.
Fundamentals
(1) LandslideTypes:Description,illustrationsandphotoswhichisincluded
in Front Matters of Vol. 1 (page 1–38)
(2) Landslide Dynamics for risk assessment which is included in Front
Matters of Vol. 2 (page 1–79)
Part 1 Mapping and Site Prediction (which is included in Vol. 1)
(1) Basic Mapping (Tool No.1–No.5: page 41–112)
(2) Site Prediction Using GIS (Tool No.6–No.13: page 113–195)
(3) Field Guidelines (Tool No.14–No.15: page 197–232)
Part 2 Monitoring and Early Warning (which is included in Vol. 1)
(1) Remote Sensing Techniques for Landslide Monitoring (Tool No.16–
No.19: page 235–295)
(2) Monitoring System Instrumentation (Tool No.20–No.22: page 297–340)
(3) Rainfall Threshold for Landslide Prediction (Tool No.23–No.32: page
341–447)
(4) Landslide Time Prediction from Pre-failure Movement Monitoring
(Tool No.33–No.38: page 449–551)
Preface:AimandOutlineoftheISDR-ICLLandslideInteractiveTeachingTools ix
(5) GuidelinesforLandslideMonitoringandEarlyWarningSystems(Tool
No.39–No.41: page 553–599)
Part 3 Risk Assessment (which is included in Vol. 2)
(1) Numerical Modeling and Simulation (Tool No.1–No.12: page 83–275)
(2) Physical and Mathematical Modeling (Tool No.13–No.16: page 277–319)
(3) Laboratory Soil Testing for Landslide Analysis (Tool No.17–No.20:
page 321–402)
(4) Analysis and Assessment of Landslides (Tool No.21–No.24: page 403–
443)
Part 4 Risk Management and Country Practices (which is included in Vol. 2)
(1) Landslide Risk Management (Tool No.25–No.34: page 447–597)
(2) Community Risk Management (Tool No.35–No.39: page 599–667)
(3) Country Practices (Tool No.40–No.53: page 669–831)
The teaching tools consist of three types of tools.
1. The first type is TXT-tools consisting of original texts with figures. The
first edition includes two volumes of books.
2. The second type is PPT-tools consisting of PowerPoint files and video
tools made for visual lectures.
3. The third type is PDF-tools consisting of already published reference
papers/reports, guidelines, and others.
Thesecondandthethirdtypesoftoolsaresupplementarytoolsofthetext
tools (text books).
Each teaching tool has its own identifier. The identifier of each tool
consists of three parts:
1. the number of the part of the tools in which it appears (Parts 1–4);
2. the country telephone code and an assigned unique number for each
contributing organization (for example 081-1 signifies Japan-ICL head-
quarters, and 081-3 signifies Japan—Erosion and Sediment Control
Department, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism);
3. the last part of the identifier is a consecutive number assigned to the
teaching tool by its contributing organization.
Call for Contribution to the Interactive Teaching Tools
The International Consortium on Landslides calls for new tools to this
Landslide Interactive Teaching tools.
NewprogressofLandslideScienceandTechnology,andcasestudiesand
country practices in the world are good information for practitioners and
x Preface:AimandOutlineoftheISDR-ICLLandslideInteractiveTeachingTools
engineers in other countries and other fields as well. We plans to establish a
newEditorialManagerforLandslideTeachingToolstopromotethecapacity
building for the contribution of new tools. The authors of teaching tools in
this publication are also requested to improve their contributed tooks and
contribute new tools for other people in the world landslide community.
Those who are willing to contribute to the Landslide Teaching Tools are
requestedtocontactICLSecretariatandoneofEditorsofthisteachingtools
Vol. 1 and Vol. 2. All authors and editors of this teaching tools are highly
appreciated for their useful contribution and editorial efforts.
Contacts
Editor-in-Chief
Kyoji Sassa: International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) (e-mail:
[email protected])
Editorial Secretariat
– Kyoji Sassa: Secretary-Genearl in ICL Secretariat, Kyoto, Japan (e-mail:
[email protected])
– KhangDang:Assistant toEditor-in-Chief(e-mail:[email protected])
– Hendy Setiawan: Assistant to Editor-in-Chief (e-mail: sethiawan.
[email protected])
Editors of Parts
Fundamentals
– Kyoji Sassa: International Consortium on Landslides (ICL), Japan
(e-mail: [email protected])
Part 1: Mapping and Site Prediction
– Fausto Guzzetti: CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di
Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica, Italy (e-mail: F.Guzzetti@irpi.
cnr.it)
– Hiromitsu Yamagishi: Shin Engineering Consultant Co. Ltd, Japan
(e-mail: [email protected])
Part 2: Monitoring and Early Warning
– Željko Arbanas: University of Rijeka, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Croatia (e-mail: [email protected])
– Nicola Casagli: University of Florence, Department of Earth Sciences,
Italy (e-mail: nicola.casagli@unifi.it)