Landscapes and the Law: Environmental Politics, Regional Histories, and Contests over Nature PDF
Preview Landscapes and the Law: Environmental Politics, Regional Histories, and Contests over Nature
Landscapes and the Law Landscapes and the Law Environmental Politics, Regional Histories, and Contests over Nature Gunnel Cederlöf 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in India by Oxford University Press 2/11 Ground Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India © Oxford University Press 2019 Th e moral rights of the author have been asserted. First Edition published by Permanent Black in 2008 Second Edition published by Oxford University Press in 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. ISBN-13 (print edition): 978-0-19-949974-8 ISBN-10 (print edition): 0-19-949974-8 ISBN-13 (eBook): 978-0-19-909927-6 ISBN-10 (eBook): 0-19-909927-8 Typeset in Adobe Jenson Pro 10.7/13.3 by Tranistics Data Technologies, New Delhi 110 044 Printed in India by Gopsons Papers Ltd., Noida 201 301 For Leif, Erik , and Gustav Illustrations and Maps Illustrations 1 St Stephen’s Church Ootacamund, 1834 3 2 N anicane showing silver coins depicting Queen Victoria and Indira Gandhi 56 3 Ootacamund on the Neilgherries, 1856 71 4 Mr Kaasi in Marlimund 107 5 A shrine dedicated to Bhavani Amman 150 6 Th e Toda temple of Kandelmund 187 7 Th e sacred peak Godmenthitt, also visible in Illustration 5 231 Maps * 1 Central South India 5 2 Th e Nilgiri Hills, eastern Wynad and north-western Coimbatore District 7 3 Th e Nilgiri Hills seen from south-west 8 * Maps by Markku Pyykönen Glossary adivasi original inhabitant/s amildar revenue collector casbha, causba revenue village circar, sarkar government cutcherry administration offi ce diku non-tribal, outsider duff adar, kolkar Indian Army cavalry offi cer, equal to sergeant fanam coin, mostly silver hookumnamah instruction inam, inamdar grant of land with discount of revenue; inamdar, the grantee of the inam jagir, jagirdar grant of land to an army offi cer; jagirdar, the grantee of the jagir jajmani a system of mutual reciprocity and hierarchical dependence between castes ( jati ) in a particular location janmam, jenmi birth, hereditary ownership xii glossary jenmi, jenmikaran person holding hereditary rights over land in Malabar jenm-koodian person holding a lease on jenmi land kanam lease, mortgage, or usufructuary mortgage kanakaran holder of a lease or mortgage kaniachi land control, right to land kararnamah agreement kumri (warg and sarkar kumri) shifting cultivation, under landlord or government control menon village accountant mirasi, mirasidar c ustomary right, particularly to land; customary, privileged landholder, kaniachidar monigar lowest-level government offi cial, representing a revenue village mund, mudr Toda settlement munsif subordinate magistrate nad, nadu territory, administrative geographical unit patta title deed to land on condition of rent payment pattadar landholder, holder of a p atta peishkar, peshkar administrative head of a revenue offi ce ryot cultivator saraf (‘shroff ’) money-changer sheristadar head clerk, accountant shola high-altitude stunted evergreen forest, from Tamil: s olai , thicket, grove, forest tahsildar low-ranking administrative executive offi cer in the revenue department of a district taluk administrative subdivision of a district tharavadu household, landed matrilineal household in Malabar zamindar landlord, holder of an estate
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