Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation: Critical Information for Ecological Risk Assessment, Land-Use Management Activities, and Biodiversity Enhancement Practices (ASTM special technical publication, 1458)

331 Pages·2004·7.24 MB·English

by  Lawrence Kapustka

STP 1458
Landscape Ecology and Wildlife
Habitat Evaluation: Critical
Information for Ecological Risk
Assessment, Land-Use Management
Activities, and Biodiversity
Enhancement
Lawrence ,aktsupaK Hector ,htiarblaG Matthew ,noxuL and
yrogerG ,regniddiB editors
ASTM Stock Number: STP1458
ASTM International
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Landscape ecology and wildlife habitat evaluation : critical information for ecological risk
assessment, land-use management activities, and biodiversity enhancemenV Lawrence
Kapustka... et al..
p. cm. -- (STP ; 1458)
Selected papers presented at the symposium "Landscape ecology and wildlife habitat
evaluation" held in Kansas City, Missouri, on 7-9 April 2003.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN (invalid) 080313476
1. Ecological risk asaessment--Congresses. 2. Land use--Environmental
aspects--Congresses. 3. Habitat (Ecology)---Congresses. 4. Landscape
ecology---Congresses. I. Kapustka, Lawrence. .1I ASTM special technical publication ;
1458.
QH541.15.R57L36 2004
333.95' 14~dc22 2004049022
Copyright (cid:14)9 2004 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material
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Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor.
The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical
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To make technical information available as quickly as possible, the peer-reviewed papers in this
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The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and
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detnirP in Bridgeport, JN
enuJ 2004
Foreword
This publication, Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation: Critical Information for
Ecological Risk Assessment, Land- esU Management Activities, and Biodiversity Enhancement, con-
tains selected papers presented at the symposium of the same name held in Kansas City, Missouri, on
7-9 April 2003. The symposium was sponsored by Committee E-47 on Biological Effects and
Environmental Fate. The symposium chairmen and co-editors were Lawrence Kapustka, Hector
Galbraith, Matthew Luxon, and Gregory Biddinger.
iii
Contents
WEIVREVO vii
NOISSES I
Selecting a Suite of Ecological Indicators for Resource Management--
AINIGRIV .H ,ELAD KCIRTAP . J,DNALLOHLUM ASIL .M ,NESLO KCAJ .W ,ALLENIMEF
YLLEK .O ,YENOLAM DIVAD .C ,ETIHW NORAA ,KCOCAEP DNA SAMOHT RETSOF
Integrating Mineral Development and Biodiversity Conservation into Regional
Land-Use Planning--DAVID .G SDRAHCIR 18
NOISSES II
Estimating Functional Connectivity of Wildlife Habitat and Its Relevance to
Ecological Risk Assessment--ALAN .R ,NOSNHOJ GIARC .R ,NELLA DNA
ITSIRK .A .N NOSPMIS 41
Hierarchical Scales in Landscape Responses by Forest Birds---GERALD .J ,IMEIN
NNAOJ .M ,IKSWONAH KCIN ,ZNAD TREBOR ,EWOH MLOCLAM ,SENOJ SEMAJ ,DNIL
DNA DIVAD .M FFONEDALM 56
Type, Scale, and Adaptive Narrative: Keeping Models of Salmon, Toxicology
and Risk Alive to the WoFld--RONALD J. ,KCIMROCCM ADNAMA .J r17 ,REM
DNA YHTOMIT .F .H NELLA 69
Population Dynamics in Spatially and Temporally Variable Habitats--
KRAM .C NESREDNA 84
Quantitative Habitat Analysis: A New Tool for the Integration of Modeling,
Planning, and Management of Natural Resources---4~uRA .K HSRAM DNA
YHTOMIT NNAMRAAH 94
Predicting Biodlversity Potential Using a Modified Layers of Habitat Model---
ECNERWAL .A ,AKTSUPAK ~OR ,HTIARBLAG TTAM ,NOXUL NAOJ .M ,MUCOY
DNA MAILLIW J. SMADA 107
V
vi CONTENTS
Habitat Ranking System for the Threatened Preble's Meadow Jumping Mouse
(Zapus hudsonius preblei) in Eastern Colorado---THOMAS .R ,NOYR
EKIM J. ,RANOB ATSRIK .L ,SIRRON-FFREHS DNA TREBOR .A RROHCS 129
Development of HSI Models to Evaluate Risks to Riparian Wildlife Habitat
from Climate Change and Urban Sprawl ROTCEH ,HrrARBLAG mR ,ECIRP
KRAM ,NOXID DNA EILUJ GREBMORTS 148
Application of Habitat Suitability Index Values to Modify Exposure Estimates in
Characterizing Ecological Risk--LAWRENCE .A ,AKTSUPAK ROTCEH ,HTIARBLAG
TTAM ,NOXUL NAOJ .M ,MUCOY DNA MAILLIW J. SMADA 169
Sunflower Depredation and Avicide Use: A Case Study Focused on DRC-1339 and
Risks to Non-Target Birds in North Dakota and South Dakota--
GERG ,REDNIL HTEBAZILE ,YHARRAH ENNYL ,NOSNHOJ YRRAL ,ELBMAG
NIVEK ,NOSNHOJ YOJ ,REBOG DNA EINAHPETS SENOJ 202
GIS-Based Localization of Impaired Benthic Communities in Chesapeake Bay:
Associations with Indicators of Anthropogenic Stress--
NIMAJNEB .L NOTSERP 221
Estimating Receptor Sensitivity to Spatial Proximity of Emissions Sources--
RIMIDALV .P N1TEHSER 242
NOISSES III
Toward an Ecological Framework for Assessing Risk to Vertebrate Populations
from Brine and Petroleum Spills in Exploration and Production Sites--
ACCEBER .A ,NOSMYORFE ANIT .M ,NES.LRAC ErTEIRNEH I. ,REGAJ AYNAT ,AVOTSOK
CIRE .A ,RRAC MAILLIW .W ,EVORGRAH SEMAJ ,REHCREK DNA MOT .L DOOWHSA 261
Risk-Trace: Software for Spatially Explicit Exposure Assessment--IGOR ,VOKNIL
ERDNAXELA ,VOKNEBERG ILOTANA ,IKSVEIHZIRDNA IEXELA ,HCIVEHSAKUOL
DNA REDNAXELA VONOFIRT 286
Incorporating Spatial Data into Ecological Risk Assessments: The Spatially
Explicit Exposure Module (SEEM) for ARAMS--w. .T ,ERIWKClW
SELRAHC .A ,EIZNEM Y1RTIMD ,VORTSIMRUB DNA ECURB .K EPOH 297
Approaches to Spatially-Explicit, Multi-Stressor Ecological Exposure Estimation--
ECURB .K EPOH 311
XEDNI 325
Overview
This book contains a collection of papers that were derived from papers presented at a symposium
on Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation: Critical Information for Ecological Risk
Assessment, Land-Use Management Activities, and Biodiversity Enhancement Practices that was
held 7-9 April 2003 in Kansas City, Missouri. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together
scientists with diverse interests in landscape ecology, ecological risk assessment, and environmental
management. It was designed to explore contemporary knowledge of theoretical and applied ecology,
especially embodied in landscape ecology and population dynamics, especially as they relate to char-
acterizing environmental risks to wildlife and requirements of environmental managers addressing
current situations and predicting consequences of actions.
Land-use patterns have been described as the most critical aspect affecting wildlife populations and
regional biodiversity. Environmental contamination by chemicals often ranks fairly low in terms of
factors limiting wildlife populations. Regulatory and legislative efforts have begun to promote
"brownfield development" as an alternative to expansion into uncontaminated areas and with less
stringent cleanup standards. Indeed, until recently, many areas which have low to moderate levels of
chemical contamination were nevertheless subjected to intrusive remediation efforts; the conse-
quence being substantial destruction of existing wildlife habitat and low potential for enhancing bet-
ter quality habitat at the affected site. Nevertheless, current practices in Ecological Risk Assessment
generally do a poor job of considering biological and physical factors as most focus entirely or nearly
so on chemical effects. Therefore, the essential tool used to characterize sites does poorly in weigh-
ing the merits of alternative remediation options.
The opening session of the symposium provided three perspectives that drew upon the applied dis-
cipline of landscape ecology, approaches used to characterize wildlife habitat, and challenges of en-
vironmental management of biological resources from a global corporate perspective. The series of
papers that followed, explored theoretical aspects of landscape ecology, population dynamics af-
fected by landscape conditions, and tools and approaches in various stages of development that can
be used in assessing environmental risks over different temporal and spatial scales. Finally, several
presentations covered real-world applications of different tools and approaches.
vii
viii OVERVIEW
The symposium was sponsored by the ASTM Committee E47 on Biological Effects and
Environmental Fate. Financial assistance was provided by the American Chemistry Council and
the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) Health
Effects Research Program. The Subcommittee E47.02 on Terrestrial Assessment and Toxicology
anticipates development of two or more Standard Guides covering materials covered in this
symposium.
Lawrence Kapustka
Ecological Planning dna Toxicology Incorporated
Corvalis, OR
Symposium Chairman dna Editor
Hector Galbraith
Galbraith Environmental Sciences
Boulder, CO
Symposium Chairman and Editor
Matthew Luxon
Winward Environmental LLC
Seattle, WA
Symposium Chairman and Editor
Gregory R. Biddinger
Exxon Mobil Refining & Supply Company
Fairfax, VA
Symposium Chairman and Editor
Session I
Virginia H. Dale, 1 Patrick J. Mulholland, i Lisa M. Olsen, I Jack .W Feminella,2 Kelly O.
Maloney, 2 David .C White, 3 Aaron Peacock, 3 and Thomas Foster 4
Selecting a Suite of Ecological Indicators for Resource Management
REFERENCE: Dale, V. H., Mulholland, P. J., Olsen, L. M., Feminella, J.
W., Maloney, K. O., White, D. C., Peacock, A., and Foster, T., "Selecting
a Suite of Ecological Indicators for Resource Management,"
Landscape Ecology and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation: Critical Information
for Ecological Risk Assessment, Land-Use Management Activities and
Biodiversity Enhancement Practices, ASTM STP 1458, L. A. Kapustka, H.
Galbraith, M. Luxon, and G. R. Biddinger, Eds., ASTM International,
West Conshohocken, PA, 2004.
ABSTRACT: We discuss the use of ecological indicators as a natural
resource management tool, focusing on the development and
implementation of a procedure for selecting and monitoring indicators.
Criteria and steps for the selection of ecological indicators are presented.
The development and implementation of indicators useful for management
are applied to Fort Benning, Georgid, where military training, controlled
fires (to improve habitat for the endangered red cockaded woodpecker),
and timber thinning are common management practices. A suite of
indicators is examined that provides information about understory
vegetation, soil microorganisms, landscape patterns, and stream chemistry
and benthic macroinvertebrate populations and communities. For example,
plants that are geophytes are the predominant life form in disturbed areas,
and some understory species are more common in disturbed sites than in
reference areas. The set of landscape metrics selected (based upon ability
to measure changes through time or to differentiate between land cover
classes) included percent cover, total edge (with border), number of
patches, mean patch area, patch area range, coefficient of variation of
patch area, perimeter/area ratio, Euclidean nearest neighbor distance, and
clumpiness. Landscape metrics indicate that the forest area (particularly
that of pine) has declined greatly since 1827, the date of our first estimates
of land cover (based on witness tree data). Altered management practices
in the 1990s may have resulted in further changes to the Fort Benning
landscape. Storm sediment concentration profiles indicate that the more
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