Land, Labor, and Rural Poverty : Essays in Development Economics PDF
Preview Land, Labor, and Rural Poverty : Essays in Development Economics
Rural Poverty Mae | DAs certs) Lar IU, Essays in Development Economics Pranab K. Bardhan LAND, LABOR, AND RURAL POVERTY Essays in Development Economics Pranab K. Bardhan Until very recently much of the analytical attention in development economics has been devoted to macro issues and to aggregative models of development and planning. But the micro-foundations of these models are usually rather shaky. This book is among the first of its kind to redirect the focus of attention to the nature of individual contractual arrangements, the various special, often person- alized, ties between individual agents in economic transactions, types of segmentation of markets and splintering of classes, and the rationale of formation of institutions like that of labor tying, share- cropping, and interlocking of land or labor contracts with credit—all with reference to the agrarian economy of India. In this book Pranab K. Bardhan constructs simple theoretical models, looking into the origin and evolving nature of these institutions. He develops testable hypotheses and verifies them with large, yet fairly intensive, data sets relating to rural India. For this purpose he has used cross-section data at the level of agro- climatic regions as well as large and detailed household-level and farm- level data files (from sources such as the National Sample Surveys and the Farm Management Surveys). In addi- tion, Bardhan has supplemented (Continued on back flap) Sees AVA. Land, Labor, and Rural Poverty Land, Labor, and Rural Poverty Essays in Development Economics Pranab K. Bardhan DELHI OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS 1984 Columbia University Press New York Guildford, Surrey Copyright © 1984 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Bardhan, Pranab K. Land, labor, and rural poverty. Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. 1. Agriculture—Economic aspects—India. 2. India— Rural conditions. 3. Agricultural laborers—India. 4. Land tenure—India. 5. Rural poor—India. I. Title. HD2072.B29 1982 338.1'0954 83-—10082 ISBN 0-231-05388-6 ISBN 0-231-05389-4 (pbk.) Printed in the United States of America Clothbound editions of Columbia University Press Books are Smyth-sewn and printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper Contents Preface Vil Introduction Part A. AGRICULTURAL LABOR Peasant Labor Supply: A Statistical Analysis LS Seasonal Withdrawals from Female Labor Force and Measuremant of Unemployment 30 Demand for Hired Farm Labor 38 Wages and Unemployment 47 Labor-Tying in Agriculture a DARL Credit-Labor Linkage 86 Part B. LAND LEASE Incentives, Sharecropping, and Cost Sharing 95 Tenurial Insecurity and Land Improvements 105 c4oo Terms and Conditions of Sharecropping Contracts: An Analysis of Village Survey Data in India 112 10. Cross-Section Variations in the Extent of Tenancy 127 Dh. Cross-Section Variations in Forms of Tenancy 142 Part C. PRODUCTION RELATIONS AND POVERTY 12. Interlocking Factor Markets 157 ee Agrarian Class Formation 167 14. Poverty of Agricultural Laborers and “Trickle-Down” in Rural India 188 On Life and Death Questions: Poverty and Child Mortality in Rural India 200 16. Private Property as a Growth Constraint in a Hydraulic Economy 212 Appendix Tables 221 Glossary of Variables 235 References 241 Author Index 249 Subject Index 251 a Yee 4 visae er vant aa J«oalrtP 5 CONN | eal jermet . gaat ie sei thasn et big bax yarn sunnbie “0 Aiea ie, athe er ot vise bt ‘2 ae pro? itera i aa vay)a te se co A a pho) ere
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