Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth-Century Maratha Svarājya

456 Pages·1986·17.266 MB·English

by  André Wink

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THOMAS J. BATA LIBRARY
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University of Cambridge Oriental Publications No. 36
Land and Sovereignty in India
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2019 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation
https://archive.org/details/landsovereigntyiOOOOwink
Land and Sovereignty
in India
Agrarian Society and Politics under the
Eighteenth-century Maratha Svarajya
ANDRE WINK
University of Leiden
V"
M The right of the
University of Cambridge
Hbs] * i
* 4 to print and sell
all manner of books
4.4.,+ 4.4.+
4 + was granted by
; j Wifi Henry VIII in 1534.
i The University has printed
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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University of Cambridge Oriental Publications
published for the
Faculty of Oriental Studies
See pages 418-19 for the complete list
Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
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©
University of Cambridge, Faculty of Oriental Studies 1986
First published 1986
Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge
British Library cataloguing in publication data
Wink, Andre
Land and sovereignty in India: agrarian society and
politics under the eighteenth-century Maratha Svarajya.
- (University of Cambridge oriental publications; no. 36)
Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data
Wink, Andre
Land and sovereignty in India.
Bibliography.
Includes index.
1. Marathas - Politics and government.
2. India - History - 18th century.
3. Land tenure - India - History. I. Title
DS485.M349W56 1986 954.03 85-22333
ISBN 0 521 32064 X
CE
CONTENTS
List of maps and diagrams page vii
Preface ix
List of abbreviations xi
Glossary xiii
Introduction i
i Brahman, king and emperor 9
1 Sovereignty and universal dominion 9
a. Indian nationalism II
b. The ‘science of politics’ (arthasastra) 12
c. The ‘science of religion’ (dharmasastra) 17
d. The Maurya Empire 19
e. Sovereignty and fitna in the House of Islam 21
f. Marathaivara/ya and Mughal Empire 34
II Mughal expansion in the Deccan 51
III The Maratha svarajya in the eighteenth century 66
a. The brahman ascent 67
b. The Deccan 85
c. Kolhapur 101
d. Berar, Bihar, Bengal and Orissa 107
e. Gujarat 115
f. Malwa 129
g. Rajastan 14°
h. Hindustan 143
IV Conclusion and summary 153
2 The co-sharers of the realm 157
I Sovereignty, vested rights and sedition 157
II The king’s co-sharers 183
III Patrilineage and coparcenary 205
IV Grants of land 214
V The grant of land as act ofsovereignty 237
v
vi Contents
3 The king’s share 251
I Land and taxation 251
II The standard assessment 255
III Adjustments of the standard assessment 272
IV Tenancy relations 281
V Conclusion 289
4 Regulation and repartition 293
I The brahman bureaucracy 293
II Repartition and assignment of the king’s share 304
a. The repartition scheme 304
b. Assignments 314
III Monetization and the cash-nexus 331
IV Revenue farming 339
a. Terminology 343
b. Village headmen 346
c. Zamlndars 347
d. Tributary chiefs 330
e. ‘Revenue assignments’and‘revenue farms’ 352
f. The khoti tenures of the Konkan 339
g. Revenue farming under BajiRao II 365
h. ‘Secret payments’ 371
V Conclusion and summary 373
Epilogue 377
Key to selections of papers from the records at the
East-lndia House 389
Bibliography 391
Index 410